b’radil-

feminine name. b’radil-

birit

root. BIRIT

amī̆l

noun. mother

nī/ini

root. female

amba-

adverb. amba-

ambar

noun. ambar

mbād-

noun. judgement, sentence

(e)ned

root. centre, middle

baryā-

verb. to protect

baryā́-

verb. to protect

boron-

verb. boron-

b’rittē

noun. broken stones, gravel

etsiri

noun. mouth of a river

tambā́-

verb. to knock

initial-s-groups

?. Gnome-realm

aiwē

noun. (small) bird

bal’tār-

proper name. Vala-king

barasā

adjective. hot, burning

barathī

feminine name. Spouse of Manwe

besū

noun. husband and wife, married pair

bor(on)

root. endure

bérya-

verb. to dare

atakwē

noun. construction, building

b’rás-sē

noun. heat

ari

noun. day

bal

root. *power

bar

root. raise, uplift, save, rescue(?)

bel

root. strong

ber

root. valiant

dil

root. stop up, fill up hole

miw

root. whine

aktō

noun. artificer, maker, wright

bestā

noun. matrimony

dōmilindē

noun. nightingale

abar

root. *refuser

alar-si

interjection. hail!

anga

root. iron

bad-

verb. to judge

bale

noun. Bale

balā

noun/adjective. powerful, Power, God

belē

noun. strength

berékā

adjective. wild

berō

noun. valiant man, warrior

bād-

noun. judgement

dus

root. ?burn

dōmi

noun. night, twilight, gloom

e mati-the

he eats him (another man)

niñkwitā-

verb. to whiten

ai

adverb. possibility

asmalindē

noun. yellow bird, ‘yellow hammer’

asmalē

noun. yellow bird, ‘yellow hammer’

nau̯þe

noun. imagination

abtā-

verb. to away, go away

abāro

noun. refuser, one who does not go forth

ailin

noun. pool, lake

alā́ri

noun. bliss

aı̯an-

adjective. holy

ba(n)

root. go, proceed

barad

root. BARAD

baran

root. russet, brown

baras

root. *heat

barat

root. *tower

barnā

adjective. barnā

berek

root. BEREK

beurō

noun. follower, vassal

beu̯rō

noun. follower, vassal

b’randā

adjective. lofty, noble, fine

b’rōnā

adjective. b’rōnā

dimbā

adjective. sad, gloomy

dimbē

noun. gloom, sadness

dring

root. beat, strike

dyel

root. feel fear and disgust, abhor

edel-

noun. Star-folk, Elf

edenā

adjective. first

ete

adverb. back, below

farā-

verb. farā-

gais-

verb. to dread

ku̯ilẹz

noun. quiet

lilta

root. dance

merek

root. MEREK

rautā

root. copper, metal

tinko

root. metal

ōmat-

verb. to eat away, devour, corrode

endero

masculine name. (?virile) young bridegroom

barasā́

adjective. hot, burning

-k’to

suffix. maker, wright

ab(ar)

root. refuse, deny, say no, away, go away, depart

alat

root. large, great in size

ammat-

verb. to devour

am¹

root. mother

amƀus

noun. breast

ar²

root. beside, outside

baradā

adjective. lofty, sublime

barath

root. *queen

bereth

root. beech

beuyā-

verb. follow, serve

beuyā́-

verb. follow, serve

b’rekta

verb. break out suddenly

b’rethā

noun. beech-mast

dab

root. give way, make room, permit, allow

dar

root. stay, wait, stop, remain

ede(l)

root. precede, come forward, hence

ektel-

verb. to gush

ektele

noun. spring, issue of water

el(ed)

root. star, starry sky, star-folk, Elf

et-kelē

noun. spring, issue of water

ettul-

verb. to come out

ezge

root. rustle, noise of leaves, shade

gaisrā

adjective. dreadful

khith/khis

root. mist, fog

k’rikta

verb. reap

l(a)ik

root. keen, sharp, acute

mad-lī

noun. honey-eater

ter(es)

root. pierce

turumā́

noun. shield

turúmbē

noun. shield

ulyā

verb. it is raining

ábārō̆

noun. departer, one who goes forth, refuser, one who does not go forth

órku

noun. goblin

álākō

noun. rush, rushing flight, wild wind

(a)lak

root. swift, rushing

(l)alam

root. elm-tree

akkala-

verb. to blaze, shine (suddenly and) brilliantly

akla(r)

root. radiance, splendour

ala¹

root. *blessed

askarā

adjective. tearing, hastening

atalat-

verb. slip right down, collapse, fall to ruin

auluta-

verb. [unglossed]

battā

verb. trample

battā́

verb. trample

bedūina

proper name. *of Spouses

bálāre

place name. Bálāre

b’rássē

noun. heat

daram

root. beat, hew, *[ᴱ√] batter, *thud

earendẹl

proper name. Earendẹl

ektelu-

verb. to well, bubble up, gush forth

niñkwi

adjective. white, pale

tyalı̯ā-

verb. to play

ū́banō

noun. monster

a

root. intensive prefix

a-¹

prefix. complete

e

root. intensive prefix

eled-nil

masculine name. Eled-nil

eledandore

place name. *Elf-land

er

root. be alone, deprived

erekwa

adjective. isolated

es¹

root. indicate, name

phal(as)

root. foam

nowo

root. think, form idea, imagine

eph

root. emerge (especially from water, opp[osite] of dive)

tau̯rā

adjective. masterful, mighty

balandore

proper name. balandore

balīndore

proper name. balīndore

ednōno

noun. firstborn

edēlā

noun. firstborn, eldest

eled

root. Star-Folk, Elves

ngalámbe

noun. barbarous speech

táwārē̆

noun. dryad, spirit of woods (f.)

táwārō̆

noun. dryad, spirit of woods (m.)

yen-rinde

noun. year

at(at)

root. again, back, back, again, twice, two

ga

pronoun. indefinite subject

andambundā

adjective. long-snouted

arʒāndōrē

place name. Dread Land

ndanithārō

masculine name. Saviour of the Dani

phéren

noun. beech-tree

skalatirnō̆

noun. fish watcher

alakarƀǝ

proper name. very active

oı̯yā

adjective. everlasting

pal

root. wide (open)

ēntrende

place name. Outer Lands, East

-d

suffix. allative

-ā

suffix. present suffix

-ā

suffix. present suffix

a-²

prefix. a-²

ab

root. refuse, deny, say no, away, go away, depart

al

prefix. without

am²

root. up

ar¹

root. day

batā̆

noun. beaten track, pathway

e

pronoun. he, she, it

el

root. star, starry sky

eʒ

root. be

la(n)sro-ndo

verb. hearer, listener, eavesdropper

potō

root. animal’s foot

(a)ranyā

adjective. free, ?uncontrolling

amtā

noun. jaws, animal’s mouth

dub

root. lie, lie heavy, loom, hang over oppressively (of clouds)

oy

root. ever, eternal

-bā

suffix. -bā

ban

root. *beauty

bat

root. tread

bed

root. BED

ben

root. corner (from inside), angle from inside

bes

root. wed

bew

root. follow, serve

This root appeared in The Etymologies, with derivatives only in the Telerin and Noldorin languages, making it likely that Quenya did not use this root. Its most notable derivative was the name N. Beor “Vassal”, primogenitor of the House of Beor.

In later writings, Tolkien said that Bëor “signified ‘Vassal’ in the name of his people [that is, in Beorian]” (S/142), indicating that this name was not Sindarin. This calls into question whether √BEW remained valid as a Primitive Elvish root in later writings. It is possible, though, that beor was a loan word into Beorian from Sindarin or Nandorin, so that its Sindarin and Telerin derivatives remained valid.

@@@ Derivatives

dag

root. dig

dagdā

noun. pit

dal

root. flat

dattā

noun. hole, pit

dem

root. sad, gloomy

dom

root. faint, dim

enek

root. six

gal²

root. grow

gal¹

root. shine

khalnā́

adjective. noble, exalted

kub

root. bow

k’lā́

noun. light

law

root. warm

law

root. abound

stangasyandō

proper name. throng-cleaver, throng-cleaver, throng-hewer

tal

root. foot

tuı̯

verb. grow fat, swell?

at-yēn-ar

noun. anniversery day

atyēnar

noun. anniversary day

khus

root. up from below ground, to ground level

sliñgē

noun. spider, spider’s web, cobweb

syatsē̆la

noun. broadsword-blade, axe-blade

(a)yan

root. *holy

-b(iy)ē

suffix. -ing

-ndo

verb. agental suffix

aikwā

adjective. tall, steep

akrā

adjective. narrow

anad

root. *long

andā

adjective. long

andọl

noun. long pole

anār

noun. Sun

arān

noun. arān

at

root. back, again, twice, two

atar

noun. father

banā

feminine name. Banā

bedū

noun. bedū

bessē

noun. wife

daiō

noun. shade, shadow cast by any object

danta-

verb. fall

darak

root. *wolf

dat

root. fall down, fall

daı̯ō

noun. shade, shadow cast by any object

den

root. hole, gap, passage

ding

root. ding (onomatopoeic)

dun

root. dark (of colour)

duy

root. *flow

d’rāk

noun. d’rāk

esek

root. *sedge, reed

eter

root. open, come out (of flowers/sun/etc.)

ezdē

noun. rest

eʒ-

verb. to be

geng(wā)

root. sick

thar

root. across, beyond

es(et)

root. precede (forward)

(e)rek

root. thorn, holly

alkwā

noun. swan

anta-

verb. to give, present

arʒā

noun/adjective. dread

ayak

root. sharp, pointed

besnō

noun. husband

buzbu

root. *large fly

buzbō

noun. large fly

bátā̆

noun. beaten track, pathway

daʒ

root. great

daʒrā

adjective. great, large

diñg

root. ding (onomatopoeic)

doron

root. oak

doʒ

root. night

dyelek

root. sword?

ek

root. spear, (sharp) point, thorn

epe

preposition. after

eredē

noun. seed

es²

root. *place

et

preposition. out, forth

et

root. out, forth

eñma

?. eñma

gos/goth

root. dread

@@@ GOTH only evident in N. deloth and Gothmog

linga

root. hang

tiu̯kā

adjective. thick, fat

uñgwē

noun. gloom

wā(n)

root. goose

yē

root. to be

@@@ rejection may be due to introduction of yén “year” (PE22/86)

(a)ranı̯ā

adjective. free, ?uncontrolling

tyalañgando

noun. harper, harp-player, harper

ak

root. narrow, confined

angosse

noun. horror

ata

root. father

atū

noun. father

añgosse

noun. horror

doʒmē

noun. doʒmē

ed(er)

root. open

en

adverb. yonder

en

root. yonder, over there

etkat-

verb. to fashion

g-lisi

noun. honey

n(y)ar

root. tell, relate

wed-tā

noun/verb. contract

ē¹

root. indeed

syad-ta

noun. axe-stroke

wa-nōrō

noun. one of kin

(g)laibē

noun. ointment

(g)libda

noun. soap

ad

root. entrance, gate

et-kuiwē

noun. awakening

gū/mū

root. no, not

epe ndere

after the man

alarʒǝ

proper name. very dread

neŋgǝ

noun. beak, nose

ugu/umu

root. negative stems

ankā

noun. jaw, row of teeth

eteŋgoldǝ

proper name. eteŋgoldǝ

khusu

root. up from below ground, to ground level

[y]

?. [y]

adnō

noun. gate

anat

root. ANAT

angwa

root. snake

angā

noun. angā

ap

root. ?cook

asat

root. *dust

atta

cardinal. two

atta

root. two

day

root. shadow

tata

root. two

* (g)laire

noun. long lay

* eledā

noun. Star-folk, Elf

* finweg

masculine name. Finwe