@@@ GOTH only evident in N. deloth and Gothmog
Middle Primitive Elvish
b’radil-
feminine name. b’radil-
birit
root. BIRIT
amī̆l
noun. mother
nī/ini
root. female
amba-
adverb. amba-
ambar
noun. ambar
mbād-
noun. judgement, sentence
(e)ned
root. centre, middle
baryā-
verb. to protect
baryā́-
verb. to protect
boron-
verb. boron-
b’rittē
noun. broken stones, gravel
etsiri
noun. mouth of a river
tambā́-
verb. to knock
initial-s-groups
?. Gnome-realm
aiwē
noun. (small) bird
bal’tār-
proper name. Vala-king
barasā
adjective. hot, burning
barathī
feminine name. Spouse of Manwe
besū
noun. husband and wife, married pair
bor(on)
root. endure
bérya-
verb. to dare
atakwē
noun. construction, building
b’rás-sē
noun. heat
ari
noun. day
bal
root. *power
bar
root. raise, uplift, save, rescue(?)
bel
root. strong
ber
root. valiant
dil
root. stop up, fill up hole
miw
root. whine
aktō
noun. artificer, maker, wright
bestā
noun. matrimony
dōmilindē
noun. nightingale
abar
root. *refuser
alar-si
interjection. hail!
anga
root. iron
bad-
verb. to judge
bale
noun. Bale
balā
noun/adjective. powerful, Power, God
belē
noun. strength
berékā
adjective. wild
berō
noun. valiant man, warrior
bād-
noun. judgement
dus
root. ?burn
dōmi
noun. night, twilight, gloom
e mati-the
he eats him (another man)
niñkwitā-
verb. to whiten
ai
adverb. possibility
asmalindē
noun. yellow bird, ‘yellow hammer’
asmalē
noun. yellow bird, ‘yellow hammer’
nau̯þe
noun. imagination
abtā-
verb. to away, go away
abāro
noun. refuser, one who does not go forth
ailin
noun. pool, lake
alā́ri
noun. bliss
aı̯an-
adjective. holy
ba(n)
root. go, proceed
barad
root. BARAD
baran
root. russet, brown
baras
root. *heat
barat
root. *tower
barnā
adjective. barnā
berek
root. BEREK
beurō
noun. follower, vassal
beu̯rō
noun. follower, vassal
b’randā
adjective. lofty, noble, fine
b’rōnā
adjective. b’rōnā
dimbā
adjective. sad, gloomy
dimbē
noun. gloom, sadness
dring
root. beat, strike
dyel
root. feel fear and disgust, abhor
edel-
noun. Star-folk, Elf
edenā
adjective. first
ete
adverb. back, below
farā-
verb. farā-
gais-
verb. to dread
ku̯ilẹz
noun. quiet
lilta
root. dance
merek
root. MEREK
rautā
root. copper, metal
tinko
root. metal
ōmat-
verb. to eat away, devour, corrode
endero
masculine name. (?virile) young bridegroom
barasā́
adjective. hot, burning
-k’to
suffix. maker, wright
ab(ar)
root. refuse, deny, say no, away, go away, depart
alat
root. large, great in size
ammat-
verb. to devour
am¹
root. mother
amƀus
noun. breast
ar²
root. beside, outside
baradā
adjective. lofty, sublime
barath
root. *queen
bereth
root. beech
beuyā-
verb. follow, serve
beuyā́-
verb. follow, serve
b’rekta
verb. break out suddenly
b’rethā
noun. beech-mast
dab
root. give way, make room, permit, allow
dar
root. stay, wait, stop, remain
ede(l)
root. precede, come forward, hence
ektel-
verb. to gush
ektele
noun. spring, issue of water
el(ed)
root. star, starry sky, star-folk, Elf
et-kelē
noun. spring, issue of water
ettul-
verb. to come out
ezge
root. rustle, noise of leaves, shade
gaisrā
adjective. dreadful
khith/khis
root. mist, fog
k’rikta
verb. reap
l(a)ik
root. keen, sharp, acute
mad-lī
noun. honey-eater
ter(es)
root. pierce
turumā́
noun. shield
turúmbē
noun. shield
ulyā
verb. it is raining
ábārō̆
noun. departer, one who goes forth, refuser, one who does not go forth
órku
noun. goblin
álākō
noun. rush, rushing flight, wild wind
(a)lak
root. swift, rushing
(l)alam
root. elm-tree
akkala-
verb. to blaze, shine (suddenly and) brilliantly
akla(r)
root. radiance, splendour
ala¹
root. *blessed
askarā
adjective. tearing, hastening
atalat-
verb. slip right down, collapse, fall to ruin
auluta-
verb. [unglossed]
battā
verb. trample
battā́
verb. trample
bedūina
proper name. *of Spouses
bálāre
place name. Bálāre
b’rássē
noun. heat
daram
root. beat, hew, *[ᴱ√] batter, *thud
earendẹl
proper name. Earendẹl
ektelu-
verb. to well, bubble up, gush forth
niñkwi
adjective. white, pale
tyalı̯ā-
verb. to play
ū́banō
noun. monster
a
root. intensive prefix
a-¹
prefix. complete
e
root. intensive prefix
eled-nil
masculine name. Eled-nil
eledandore
place name. *Elf-land
er
root. be alone, deprived
erekwa
adjective. isolated
es¹
root. indicate, name
phal(as)
root. foam
nowo
root. think, form idea, imagine
eph
root. emerge (especially from water, opp[osite] of dive)
tau̯rā
adjective. masterful, mighty
balandore
proper name. balandore
balīndore
proper name. balīndore
ednōno
noun. firstborn
edēlā
noun. firstborn, eldest
eled
root. Star-Folk, Elves
ngalámbe
noun. barbarous speech
táwārē̆
noun. dryad, spirit of woods (f.)
táwārō̆
noun. dryad, spirit of woods (m.)
yen-rinde
noun. year
at(at)
root. again, back, back, again, twice, two
ga
pronoun. indefinite subject
andambundā
adjective. long-snouted
arʒāndōrē
place name. Dread Land
ndanithārō
masculine name. Saviour of the Dani
phéren
noun. beech-tree
skalatirnō̆
noun. fish watcher
alakarƀǝ
proper name. very active
oı̯yā
adjective. everlasting
pal
root. wide (open)
ēntrende
place name. Outer Lands, East
-d
suffix. allative
-ā
suffix. present suffix
-ā
suffix. present suffix
a-²
prefix. a-²
ab
root. refuse, deny, say no, away, go away, depart
al
prefix. without
am²
root. up
ar¹
root. day
batā̆
noun. beaten track, pathway
e
pronoun. he, she, it
el
root. star, starry sky
eʒ
root. be
la(n)sro-ndo
verb. hearer, listener, eavesdropper
potō
root. animal’s foot
(a)ranyā
adjective. free, ?uncontrolling
amtā
noun. jaws, animal’s mouth
dub
root. lie, lie heavy, loom, hang over oppressively (of clouds)
oy
root. ever, eternal
-bā
suffix. -bā
ban
root. *beauty
bat
root. tread
bed
root. BED
ben
root. corner (from inside), angle from inside
bes
root. wed
bew
root. follow, serve
dag
root. dig
dagdā
noun. pit
dal
root. flat
dattā
noun. hole, pit
dem
root. sad, gloomy
dom
root. faint, dim
enek
root. six
gal²
root. grow
gal¹
root. shine
khalnā́
adjective. noble, exalted
kub
root. bow
k’lā́
noun. light
law
root. warm
law
root. abound
stangasyandō
proper name. throng-cleaver, throng-cleaver, throng-hewer
tal
root. foot
tuı̯
verb. grow fat, swell?
at-yēn-ar
noun. anniversery day
atyēnar
noun. anniversary day
khus
root. up from below ground, to ground level
sliñgē
noun. spider, spider’s web, cobweb
syatsē̆la
noun. broadsword-blade, axe-blade
(a)yan
root. *holy
-b(iy)ē
suffix. -ing
-ndo
verb. agental suffix
aikwā
adjective. tall, steep
akrā
adjective. narrow
anad
root. *long
andā
adjective. long
andọl
noun. long pole
anār
noun. Sun
arān
noun. arān
at
root. back, again, twice, two
atar
noun. father
banā
feminine name. Banā
bedū
noun. bedū
bessē
noun. wife
daiō
noun. shade, shadow cast by any object
danta-
verb. fall
darak
root. *wolf
dat
root. fall down, fall
daı̯ō
noun. shade, shadow cast by any object
den
root. hole, gap, passage
ding
root. ding (onomatopoeic)
dun
root. dark (of colour)
duy
root. *flow
d’rāk
noun. d’rāk
esek
root. *sedge, reed
eter
root. open, come out (of flowers/sun/etc.)
ezdē
noun. rest
eʒ-
verb. to be
geng(wā)
root. sick
thar
root. across, beyond
es(et)
root. precede (forward)
(e)rek
root. thorn, holly
alkwā
noun. swan
anta-
verb. to give, present
arʒā
noun/adjective. dread
ayak
root. sharp, pointed
besnō
noun. husband
buzbu
root. *large fly
buzbō
noun. large fly
bátā̆
noun. beaten track, pathway
daʒ
root. great
daʒrā
adjective. great, large
diñg
root. ding (onomatopoeic)
doron
root. oak
doʒ
root. night
dyelek
root. sword?
ek
root. spear, (sharp) point, thorn
epe
preposition. after
eredē
noun. seed
es²
root. *place
et
preposition. out, forth
et
root. out, forth
eñma
?. eñma
gos/goth
root. dread
linga
root. hang
tiu̯kā
adjective. thick, fat
uñgwē
noun. gloom
wā(n)
root. goose
yē
root. to be@@@ rejection may be due to introduction of yén “year” (PE22/86)
(a)ranı̯ā
adjective. free, ?uncontrolling
tyalañgando
noun. harper, harp-player, harper
ak
root. narrow, confined
angosse
noun. horror
ata
root. father
atū
noun. father
añgosse
noun. horror
doʒmē
noun. doʒmē
ed(er)
root. open
en
adverb. yonder
en
root. yonder, over there
etkat-
verb. to fashion
g-lisi
noun. honey
n(y)ar
root. tell, relate
wed-tā
noun/verb. contract
ē¹
root. indeed
syad-ta
noun. axe-stroke
wa-nōrō
noun. one of kin
(g)laibē
noun. ointment
(g)libda
noun. soap
ad
root. entrance, gate
et-kuiwē
noun. awakening
gū/mū
root. no, not
epe ndere
after the man
alarʒǝ
proper name. very dread
neŋgǝ
noun. beak, nose
ugu/umu
root. negative stems
ankā
noun. jaw, row of teeth
eteŋgoldǝ
proper name. eteŋgoldǝ
khusu
root. up from below ground, to ground level
[y]
?. [y]
adnō
noun. gate
anat
root. ANAT
angwa
root. snake
angā
noun. angā
ap
root. ?cook
asat
root. *dust
atta
cardinal. two
atta
root. two
day
root. shadow
tata
root. two
* (g)laire
noun. long lay
* eledā
noun. Star-folk, Elf
* finweg
masculine name. Finwe
This root appeared in The Etymologies, with derivatives only in the Telerin and Noldorin languages, making it likely that Quenya did not use this root. Its most notable derivative was the name N. Beor “Vassal”, primogenitor of the House of Beor.
In later writings, Tolkien said that Bëor “signified ‘Vassal’ in the name of his people [that is, in Beorian]” (S/142), indicating that this name was not Sindarin. This calls into question whether √BEW remained valid as a Primitive Elvish root in later writings. It is possible, though, that beor was a loan word into Beorian from Sindarin or Nandorin, so that its Sindarin and Telerin derivatives remained valid.
@@@ Derivatives