Formen

north

Formen noun "north" (SA:men), also name of tengwa #10 (Appendix E, PHOR, MEN; replacing the rejected form Tormen). In Formenos, place-name "Northern Fortress" (SA:formen). Allative formenna, VT49:26.

formen

noun. north, north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]

Cognates

• S. forod “north” ✧ LotR/1123; PE17/018; SA/formen
• S. forn “north, north, [N.] right” ✧ PE17/018; SA/formen

Element in

• Q. ar cé mo formenna tentanes Amanna “and if northwards, it pointed towards Aman” ✧ VT49/26
• Q. Follondië “North-harbourage” ✧ PE17/028
• Q. Formenos “Northern Fortress” ✧ SA/formen
• Q. Forostar “Northlands” ✧ UT/165

Elements

Word	Gloss
forya	“right (hand), dexter”
men	“way, way; [ᴹQ.] place, spot”

Variations

• Formen ✧ SA/men

Tormen

north

[Tormen] noun "north" (MEN; replaced by Formen, q.v.)

númen

west, the way of the sunset

númen noun "west, the way of the sunset" (SA:andúnë, cf. NDŪ, MEN; capitalized Númen under SA:men and in CO), "going down, occudent" (Letters:361), also name of tengwa #17 _(Appendix E). _According to VT45:38, the word is actually cited as "nú-men" in Tolkien's Etymologies manuscript. Allative númenna "Westward" (LR:47, SD:310, VT49:20, capitalized Númenna, VT49:22; numenna with a short u, VT49:23); adj. númenquerna "turned westward" (VT49:18, 20). See also númenyaron, númessier. - In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, "nú-men" was intended as the name of tengwa #21, to which letter Tolkien at this stage assigned the value n (VT45:38). However, this tengwa was later given the Quenya value r instead and was renamed órë.

númë

noun. west

forn

adjective. north, north, [N.] right

Cognates

• Q. formen “north, north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]” ✧ PE17/018; SA/formen

Element in

• S. Cirith Forn en Andrath “High-Climbing Pass of the North”
• ᴺS. Forchalad “aurora, (lit.) northern radiance”
• S. Forfalas “North Falas”
• S. Forlindon “Lindon north of the Gulf of Lune”
• S. Forlond “North Haven”
• S. Forlonnas “North-harbourage”
• S. Fornarthan “North Beacon” ✧ VT42/30
• S. Fornost “Norbury, (lit.) Northern Fortress” ✧ RC/774; SA/formen

Variations

• for ✧ PE17/018
• for(n)- ✧ VT42/30

annûn

west

1) annûn; 2) Dúven (na Núven, o Ndúven). Christopher Tolkien tentatively read the illegible gloss as ”southern” (LR:376 s.v. NDŪ), but the etymology seems to demand the meaning ”west”: dú-ven with the same ending as in Forven ”North” and Harven ”South”. The ending means ”way”, so Dúven may be ”west” considered as a direction. WEST-ELF (Elf of Beleriand, including Noldor and Sindar) Dúnedhel (i Núnedhel), pl. Dúnedhil (i Ndúnedhil). (WJ:378, 386)

dúven

west

(na Núven, o Ndúven). Christopher Tolkien tentatively read the illegible gloss as ”southern” (LR:376 s.v. NDŪ), but the etymology seems to demand the meaning ”west”: dú-ven with the same ending as in Forven ”North” and Harven ”South”. The ending means ”way”, so Dúven may be ”west” considered as a direction.

forod

north

#forod (isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).

forod

north

(isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).

annûn

noun. west, sunset

dûn

noun. west

dûn

noun. west

_n. _west. Q. nū-. >> annûn

dûn

noun. west

Cognates

• Q. númen “west, direction or region of the sunset, occident, (lit.) going down” ✧ LotR/1123; PE17/018; SA/andúnë

Derivations

• √NDU “down, under, below; sink, descend, go down, down, under, below; sink, descend, go down, [ᴹ√] set (of Sun)” ✧ SA/andúnë

Derivatives

• Ad. adûn “west, westward” ✧ PE17/018

Element in

• S. Dúnadan “Man of the West” ✧ PE17/018; SA/andúnë
• S. Dúnedhel “West-Elf” ✧ WJ/378
• S. Dúnedel
• S. Dúneglon

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√ndu > dûn	[ndūne] > [dūne] > [dūn]	✧ SA/andúnë

Variations

• Dûn ✧ LotR/1130
• Dún ✧ WJ/378

for

adjective. north

forod

noun. north

forod

noun. north

Cognates

• Q. formen “north, north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]” ✧ LotR/1123; PE17/018; SA/formen

Element in

• S. Forochel “*Northern Ice” ✧ PE17/116
• S. Forodwaith “North-region, Northmen”

fuir

adjective. north

fuir

adjective. north

@@@ likely from [pʰorja] as suggested by David Salo (GS/255), thus a later version of than feir “right (hand)” with a different phonetic development. In the 2008 version of his Sindarin Dictionary, Didier Willis suggested fair as the Sindarized form of N. feir (HSD/fair), but more recent research indicates that fuir < ✱phorya is more likely, as suggested to me in a private chat by Elaran on 2018-08-26; see the entry on how [[s|[œi] became [ui] or [y]]] in Sindarin for further details.

Derivations

• ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand”

Element in

• S. Eryn Fuir “North Wood” ✧ VT42/20

Variations

• Fuir ✧ VT42/20 (Fuir)

annûn

west

dúnedhel

west-elf

(i Núnedhel), pl. *Dúnedhil*** (i Ndúnedhil*). (WJ:378, 386)*

forven

noun. north

Cognates

• ᴹQ. formen “north, right hand” ✧ Ety/PHOR

Derivations

• ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” ✧ Ety/PHOR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√PHOR > forven	[pʰormena] > [ɸormena] > [formena] > [formen] > [forven]	✧ Ety/PHOR

forven

noun. north

annûn

noun. west, sunset

annûn

noun. west

Cognates

• ᴹQ. númen “west” ✧ Ety/NDŪ

Derivations

• ᴹ✶ṇdūnē “sunset” ✧ Ety/NDŪ
  • ᴹ√NDŪ “go down, sink, set (of Sun)” ✧ Ety/NDŪ

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶ṇdūnē > annûn	[ṇdūnē] > [andūnē] > [andūne] > [andūn] > [annūn]	✧ Ety/NDŪ

dûn

noun. west

dûn

noun. west

Cognates

• ᴹQ. númen “west” ✧ Ety/NDŪ

Derivations

• ᴹ✶ndūne “west” ✧ EtyAC/NDŪ
  • ᴹ√NDŪ “go down, sink, set (of Sun)” ✧ Ety/NDŪ

Element in

• N. Dunhirion “?West Lord Land”
• N. Eldûn “*West-star”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶ndūne > dûn	[ndūne] > [dūne] > [dūn]	✧ EtyAC/NDŪ

forod

noun. north

forod

noun. north

Cognates

• ᴹQ. formen “north, right hand” ✧ Ety/PHOR

Derivations

• ᴹ✶phoroti “right or north” ✧ Ety/PHOR
  • ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” ✧ Ety/PHOR

Element in

• N. Osforod “Northburg”
• N. forodren “northern” ✧ Ety/PHOR
• N. Forodrim “Northmen” ✧ Ety/PHOR
• N. Forodweith “Northmen, Northland” ✧ Ety/PHOR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶phoroti > forod	[pʰoroti] > [pʰorote] > [ɸorote] > [forote] > [forot] > [forod]	✧ Ety/PHOR

Variations

• Forod ✧ WRI/Forod