norno (1) noun "oak" (DÓRON); a later source has nordo (PE17:25)
Quenya
norna
stiff, tough; hard, firm, resistant
norno
oak
norno
noun. oak
A word appearing as norno “oak” in both The Etymologies of the 1930s and the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s derived from primitive ✶[[p|dor[o]no]] and the root ᴹ√DORON (PE19/80; Ety/DÓRON). The appearance of an initial n- is unusual, since generally [[aq|initial [d] became [l]]] in Ancient Quenya. But sometimes ancient [[aq|initial [d] assimilated to following nasal]] instead, as was the case with this word.
Conceptual Development: Variants of this word date all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, which had ᴱQ. nor (norn-) “oak” and ᴱQ. norne “oak-tree” under the early root ᴱ√NOŘO [NDOÐO?] (QL/67). The form ᴱQ. norne “oak” was mentioned in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/140), but it became ᴹQ. norno in The Etymologies of the 1930s, as noted above.
Neo-Quenya: Tolkien introduced words Q. nordo and S. norð “oak” in notes from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/25), possibly to avoid conflict with Norno “Dwarf” (WJ/388). I prefer the form norno “oak” as better-established and more etymologically interesting.
Derivations
Element in
- ᴺQ. nornolassëa “having oak-leaves”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶dorno > norno [dorno] > [norno] ✧ PE19/080
nordo
oak
nordo noun "oak" (PE17:25), possibly replacing norno (q.v.) in a pre-LotR source.
nordo
noun. oak
A word for “oak” in notes from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/25), possibly introduced to avoid conflict with Norno “Dwarf” (WJ/388). Its Sindarin cognate was S. norð, indicating derivation from primitive ✱nordō. See the entry Q. norno for earlier forms of the word.
Cognates
- S. nordh “oak” ✧ PE17/025
sonda
seat
sonda noun "seat" (QL:85)
tauca
stiff, wooden
tauca ("k") "stiff, wooden" (PE17:115)
hanwa
noun. seat, seat, *chair
A noun in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) written in 1969, given as hanw̃a “seat” and derived from primitive ✶khadmā where dm became nm [χanmā] and then nw (PE22/148). Early iterations of this word also meant “chair”, so this word may have that meaning as well.
Conceptual Development: The earliest “seat” words were ᴱQ. sōra {“seat, throne” >>} “seat” and ᴱQ. sonda “seat, chair” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SOŘO [SOÐO] (QL/85-86). Tolkien revised the root to ᴱ√SORO (ÐORO) after which the form sonda was deleted. In the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa Tolkien had only ᴱQ. sonda “seat” (PME/86).
In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien had ᴹQ. handa “chair” under the root ᴹ√KHAD, but Tolkien revised the root to ᴹ√KHAM “sit” and the Quenya form to ᴹQ. hamma “chair” (Ety/KHAM; EtyAC/KHAM). Tolkien then introduced a new root ᴹ√KHAM “call to, summon”, saying that “KHAM sit (replacing KHAD, cancelled)”, so apparently the root for “sit” reverted back to KHAD. This is supported by the 1969 “seat” word hanwa seen above.
Cognates
- S. hadhu “seat, seat, *chair”
Derivations
Element in
- Q. tarhanwa “throne, (lit.) high seat” ✧ PE22/148
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶khadmā > χanmā > χanw̃ā > hanw̃a [kʰadmā] > [xadmā] > [xanmā] > [xanwā] > [hanwā] > [hanwa] ✧ PE22/148 Variations
- hanw̃a ✧ PE22/148
tarya
tough, stiff
tarya adj. "tough, stiff" (TÁRAG)
norna adj. "stiff, tough; hard, firm, resistant" (WJ:413, PE17:106), "thrawn, tough, obdurate", mainly applied to persons (PE17:181)