dam

noun. hammer

dam

noun. hammer

damrod

masculine name. Damrod

damma-

verb. to hammer

It was long considered that damna-, dammint in the Etymologies might have been misreadings. VT/45:37 confirms this, though the exact reading actually remains rather uncertain

damma-

verb. to hammer

damrod

masculine name. hammerer of copper

nîd

adjective. damp, wet; tearful

nîd

adjective. damp, wet, tearful

mesg

adjective. wet

@@@ mesc may be alternate form

dring

noun. hammer

harna-

verb. to wound

A verb for “to wound” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√SKAR “tear, rend” (Ety/SKAR).

helch

noun. bitter cold

lhimp

adjective. wet

lhimp

adjective. wet

mesc

adjective. wet

mesc

adjective. wet

mesg

adjective. wet

mîdh

noun. dew

mîdh

noun. dew

nenui

adjective. wet

rhing

adjective. cold

rhing

adjective. cold

Damrod

noun. Damrod

metal hammer; (n-)dam (“hammer, beat”) + raud (“metal”) S form of Q Nambarauto; the second element was changed from earlier “copper”[Etym. RAUTĀ-]

damrod

masculine name. Damrod

A soldier of Gondor (LotR/659).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, Tolkien said this name was “take[n] from tales of the old days” (WR/160), referring to N. Damrod, name of a son of Fëanor from this period of Tolkien’s writing. This other Damrod was called S. Amrod in Tolkien’s later writing, but the Gondorian Damrod survived into the published version of The Lord of the Rings. It is possible the surviving Damrod had the same meaning as the original, “hammerer of copper” (Ety/NDAM).

dambeth

noun. answer, response

In Tolkien's manuscript, this form was rejected in favor of dangweth , with a slightly different meaning. However, it may possibly be assumed that the word is valid per se (although it may be argued that this compound word does not show the regular mutation that one would have expected)

dambeth

noun. response

dan (“back”) + peth (“word”)

damen

verb. return

_ v. _return. Q. nanwen-. >> dan-

damen-

verb. to return

dam

hammer

(noun) 1) dam (i nam, o ndam), pl. daim (i ndaim), coll. pl. dammath, 2) dring (i dhring), no distinct pl. form except with article (in dring).

dam

hammer

(i nam, o ndam), pl. daim (i ndaim), coll. pl. dammath

dambeth

answer

(i nambeth, o ndambeth) (response), pl. dembith (i ndembith)

dambeth

response

dambeth (i nambeth, o ndambeth) (answer), pl. dembith (i ndembith) (PM:395)

dambeth

response

(i nambeth, o ndambeth) (answer), pl. dembith (i ndembith) (PM:395)

damma

hammer

(verb) damma- (i namma, i ndammar), pa.t. dammant (VT45:37)

damma

hammer

(i namma, i ndammar), pa.t. dammant (VT45:37)

dambed-

verb. to answer

@@@ Another possibility is danbed- based on penbed, but usually nb > mb (and is the main source of medial mb)

dammen-

verb. to return, go back

mîdh

noun. dew, dew, *moisture, damp(ness); [ᴱN.] mist, drizzle

A Sindarin word for “dew” given as míð in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s as a derivative of ✶mizdē “drizzle” (PE19/101), illustrating how [[os|[z] vanished before [d] lengthening preceding vowel]] in (Old) Sindarin.

Conceptual Development: N. mîdh “dew” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the same derivation as given above (Ety/MIZD), though Tolkien first wrote its gloss as “fine rain” (EtyAC/MIZD). This deleted gloss seems to be a remnant of ᴱN. midh “mist, drizzle” from Early Noldorin Word-lists, but there its primitive form was ᴱ✶míye (PE13/150).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would extend the meaning of this word to include “✱moisture, damp(ness)” in general, especially as the result of a previous rain.

dom

adjective. blind

A Sindarin word for “blind” in a deleted paragraph of notes from 1969, derived from the root √DOM “dark” along with a plural form dym (PE22/153 note #50). This paragraph was deleted because of Tolkien’s shifting thoughts on the behavior of the Quenya prefix la-, so I think [ᴺS.] dom “blind” may remain viable for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.

Conceptual Development: There is a remarkably similar word ᴱN. damb or dam “blind” from Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/141), but its etymology is unclear.

nîd

damp

nîd (wet, tearful); no distinct pl. form

nîd

damp

(wet, tearful); no distinct pl. form

harnas

noun. harm, damage

A neologism coined by Vyacheslav Stepanov on 2022-05-14 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), a noun form of N. harn “wounded”.

dadwen

verb. return

_v. _return, going/coming back. Q. nanwen-. >> damen

dangweth

answer

(noun) 1) dangweth (i nangweth, o ndangweth) (reply giving new information), pl. dengwith (i ndengwith) (PM:395), 2) dambeth (i nambeth, o ndambeth) (response), pl. dembith (i ndembith)

nîd

wet

nîd (damp, tearful); no distinct pl. form. 4) nîn (watery); no distinct pl. form. Note: nîn is also used as a noun ”tear”; there is also the possessive pronoun nín ”my”.

nîd

wet

(damp, tearful); no distinct pl. form. 4) nîn (watery); no distinct pl. form. Note: nîn is also used as a noun ”tear”; there is also the possessive pronoun nín ”my”.

dadwen-

verb. to return, go back

aphed-

verb. to answer

aphred

answer

_ n. _answer. Q. aquet. . This gloss was rejected.

dangweth

noun. answer, reply giving new information

dannen

noun. ebb, low tide

dannen

noun. ebb, lowtide

dring

noun. hammer

dring

noun. hammer, hammer, *beater

limp

adjective. wet

loen

adjective. soaking wet, swamped

mîdh

noun. dew

dew

nîn

adjective. wet, watery

nîn

wet

_ adj. _wet. Q. nenya. >> Nindalf

ring

adjective. cold

dangweth

answer

(i nangweth, o ndangweth) (reply giving new information), pl. dengwith (i ndengwith) (PM:395)

dannen

ebb

dannen (i nannen, o ndannen) (low tide), pl. dennin (i ndennin). (VT48:26) Notice the homophone dannen ”fallen” (but this past participle has different mutations). (VT48:26)

dom

adjective. blind

dring

hammer

(i dhring), no distinct pl. form except with article (in dring).

helch

bitterly cold

(lenited chelch; pl. hilch);

limp

adjective. wet

limp

wet

(no distinct pl. form).

loen

soaking wet

(swamped), no distinct pl. form.

mesc

wet

1) mesc (lenited vesc, pl. misc). Also spelt mesg. 2) limp (no distinct pl. form). 3)

mesc

wet

(lenited vesc, pl. misc). Also spelt mesg.

mîdh

dew

1) mîdh (i vîdh, construct midh), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîdh), 2) ross (construct ros) (foam, rain, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.

mîdh

dew

(i vîdh, construct midh), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîdh)

rim

cold pool/lake

; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.

ring

cold

(adj.) ring (no distinct pl. form),

ring

cold

(no distinct pl. form)

ross

dew

(construct ros) (foam, rain, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.

dammë

noun. ebb, lowtide

missë

wet, damp, rain

[missë] adj.ornoun "wet, damp, rain" (VT45:35)

ringa

adjective. cold, cold, [ᴱQ.] chilly; damp

harnalë

noun. harm, damage

@@@ Discord 2022-05-14

hyanda

noun. harm, damage

naitya-

verb. to put to shame, abuse, *rebuke; to damage, hurt

@@@ gloss “rebuke” from NQNT

undav-

verb. to condemn, damn, convict

namba

hammer

namba noun "a hammer" (NDAM), namba- vb. "to hammer" (NDAM). According to VT45:37, Tolkien may have considered the alternative form lamba, but the source is obscure and lamba is assigned a quite different meaning ("tongue") elsewhere.

ringa

cold

ringa adj. "cold" (Markirya); the Etymologies gives ringë (RINGI), but it seems that ringa is to be preferred (cf. Ringarë below). Yá hrívë tenë, ringa ná "when winter comes, it is cold" (VT49:23). According to VT46:11, Tolkien originally used the form ringa in Etym as well; later he would restore it. - In early "Qenya", ringa is glossed "damp, cold, chilly" (LT1:265)

nanwë

noun. ebb, lowtide

nenda

adjective. wet

aquet

answer

[aquet noun? vb? "answer" (PE17:166)]

aquet-

verb. to answer

endaquet-

answer

endaquet- vb. "answer" (gloss uncertain) (PE17:167)

endaquet-

verb. to answer

entulessë

return

entulessë noun "return" (UT:171)

entulessë

proper name. Return

The name of the Númerórean ship that was the first to return to Middle-earth, six centuries after Númenor was settled (UT/171). It is the noun entulessë “return” used as a name.

entulessë

noun. return

hanquenta

answer

hanquenta vb.? noun? "answer" (PE17:176)

hanquenta

noun. answer, answer, *response

@@@ gloss “response” suggested by Tamas Ferencz

lamba

hammer

lamba (2) noun ?"hammer" (possibly an alternative form of namba, q.v., but the source is obscure and namba is to be preferred) (VT45:37)

linqui

wet

linqui ("q")adj. "wet" (MC:216; Tolkien's later Quenya has linquë.)

linquë

wet

linquë ("q") (1) adj. "wet" _(LINKWI). In early "Qenya", this word was glossed "water" (LT1:262)_, and "wet" was linqui or liquin, q.v.

liquin

wet

liquin ("q")adj. "wet" (LT1:262; Tolkien's later Quenya has linquë.)

lomba

adjective. blind

A word for “blind” in a deleted paragraph of notes from 1969, derived from the root √DOM “dark” (PE22/153 note #50). This paragraph was deleted because of Tolkien’s shifting thoughts on the behavior of the prefix la-, so I think [ᴺQ.] lomba “blind” may remain viable for purposes of Neo-Quenya. I think this word may refer to temporary blindness, as opposed to lacenítë for one who is permanently unable to see.

miste

noun. drizzle

drizzle

mistë

noun. drizzle, drizzle, [ᴹQ.] fine rain

A word for “drizzle” (PE19/101) or “light rain” (Ety/MIZD) from primitive ✶mizdē, illustrating how ancient zd became st in Quenya.

Conceptual Development: The earliest precursor of this word was ᴱQ. mirde “mist” derived from primitive ᴱ✶mẓđē in the Early Qenya Phonology of the 1910s (PE12/14). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, this became ᴱQ. mie derived from primitive ✶míye as a cognate to ᴱN. midh “mist, drizzle” (PE13/150). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it was ᴹQ. miste “fine rain”, already with the derivation given above and with cognate N. mîdh “dew” (Ety/MIZD). The form miste reappeared in the Outline of Phonology from the early 1950s with the same derivation and Sindarin cognate S. míð but with gloss “drizzle” (PE19/101).

mixa

wet

mixa ("ks")adj. "wet" (MISK); later sources have néna, nenya

nanwen-

return

nanwen- vb. "return" (go/come back) (PE17:166). The etymological form nan-men- indicates that the second element is #men- "go", changed to -wen- following nan- "back"; hence the perfect should perhaps be *naneménië.

nanwë

ebb, lowtide

nanwë noun "ebb, lowtide" (VT48:26). Compare lanwë.

nenya

wet

nenya adj. "wet" (PE17:52), also néna, q.v. Nenya as the name of a Ring of Power seems to imply *"(thing) related to water", since this Ring was associated with that element (SA:nen).

nenya

adjective. wet

ninda

adjective. wet

niquë

noun. cold, cold; [ᴹQ.] snow

néna

wet

néna adj. "wet" (PE17:167). Cf. nenya, mixa.

néna

adjective. wet

nítë

moist, dewy

nítë (stem *níti-, given the primitive form ¤neiti) adj. "moist, dewy" (NEI, VT45:38)

rin

dew

rin noun "dew" (LT1:265; rather rossë in LotR-style Quenya)

ringë

cold

ringë adj. "cold", also ringa (which form is to be preferred; cf. Ringarë in LotR). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, ringë is also given as a noun "cold pool or lake (in mountains)", but according to VT46:11 this noun should read ringwë. (RINGI)

tóquet-

answer

[tóquet- vb. "answer" (PE17:166)]

tóquet-

verb. to answer

wet

wet

wet, see we #2

yelwa

cold

yelwa (2) adj. "cold" (LT1:260 this "Qenya" word is apparently obsoleted by # 1 above. In LotR-style Quenya, the regular term for "cold" seems to be ringa.)

cénelóra

noun. blind

lomba

adjective. blind

nangwesa

noun. answer

nanquet-

verb. to answer

ringi

root. cold

Tolkien used very similar forms for Elvish words for “cold” for all of his life. The earliest iteration of this root was unglossed ᴱ√RIŊI in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. rin (ring-) “dew” and ᴱQ. ringa “damp, cold, chilly” (QL/80). The root had similar derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. rî “coolness, cool” and G. ring “cool, cold” (GL/65). In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave the root {ᴹ√RINGĀ >>} ᴹ√RINGI “cold” with derivatives like ᴹQ. ringe/N. rhing “cold” (Ety/RINGI; EtyAC/RINGI). Primitive forms ✶riñgi “chill” and ✶riñgā appeared in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure from the early 1950s (PE21/80), and Christopher Tolkien mentioned √ring as the basis for cold words in the Silmarillion Appendix (SA/ring).

mizdē

noun. drizzle

at-kwet

verb. answer

nanmen-

verb. return

nēnā

adjective. wet