harn

adjective. southern

harn

adjective. wounded

harn

noun. helmet

harn

adjective. southern

Cognates

• ᴹQ. hyarmenya “southern” ✧ Ety/KHYAR

Derivations

• ᴹ√KHYAR “left hand” ✧ Ety/KHYAR

Element in

• N. Haramon
• N. Harfalas
• N. Harlindon
• N. Harlorn “South Haven”
• N. Harnen “*South Water”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√KHYAR > harn	[kʰjarna] > [kʰarna] > [xarna] > [xarn] > [harn]	✧ Ety/KHYAR

Variations

• harn ✧ Ety/KHYAR

harn

adjective. wounded

An adjective for “wounded” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶skarnā under the root ᴹ√SKAR “tear, rend” (Ety/SKAR).

Conceptual Development: A similar word ᴱN. hardh “wounded” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/147).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. harna “wounded” ✧ Ety/SKAR

Derivations

• ᴹ✶skarnā “wounded” ✧ Ety/SKAR
  • ᴹ√SKAR “tear, rend” ✧ Ety/SKAR

Element in

• ᴺS. harnas “harm, damage”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶skarnā > harn	[skarnā] > [skarna] > [sxarna] > [xarna] > [xarn] > [harn]	✧ Ety/SKAR

Variations

• harn ✧ Ety/SKAR

harn

noun. helmet

Changes

• harð → harn ✧ EtyAC/KHAR

Cognates

• ᴹQ. harna “helmet” ✧ EtyAC/KHAR

Derivations

• ᴹ√KHAR “helmet” ✧ EtyAC/KHAR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√KHAR > harn	[kʰarna] > [xarna] > [xarn] > [harn]	✧ EtyAC/KHAR
ᴹ√KHAR > harð	[kʰarda] > [xarda] > [xarða] > [xarð] > [harð]	✧ EtyAC/KHAR

Variations

• harn ✧ EtyAC/KHAR
• harð ✧ EtyAC/KHAR (harð)

sarn

noun/adjective. stone as a material

Cognates

• ᴹQ. sar “stone (small)” ✧ Ety/SAR

Derivations

• ᴹ√SAR “*stone” ✧ Ety/SAR

Element in

• N. Sern Aranath “King Stones” ✧ WR/098
• N. Sern Ubed “[Stones of] Denial” ✧ WR/132; WR/132
• N. sarnas “cairn”
• N. Sarn Athrad “Stony Ford, Ford of Stones” ✧ Ety/SAR
• N. Sarn Gebir “?lone stone, Stand[?ing stones], [?Lime]stones”
• N. Sarn Ruin
• N. Pensarn
• N. Tolharn “Stoneait” ✧ TI/345

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√SAR > sarn	[sarna] > [sarn]	✧ Ety/SAR

harad

noun. south

harad

noun. south

Changes

• haran → harad ✧ Ety/KHYAR

Cognates

• ᴹQ. hyarmen “south, left hand” ✧ Ety/KHYAR

Derivations

• ᴹ√KHYAR “left hand” ✧ Ety/KHYAR

Element in

• N. Harad “The South”
• N. haradren “southern” ✧ Ety/KHYAR
• N. Haradhoth “People of Harad”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√KHYAR > harad	[kʰjarata] > [kʰarata] > [xarata] > [xarat] > [xarad] > [harad]	✧ Ety/KHYAR

Variations

• haran ✧ EtyAC/KHYAR (haran)

haradren

adjective. southern

haradren

adjective. southern

Changes

• haranren → haradren ✧ Ety/KHYAR

Cognates

• ᴹQ. hyarmenya “southern” ✧ Ety/KHYAR

Variations

• haranren ✧ EtyAC/KHYAR (haranren)

dúven

adjective. (?) southern

porennin

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• N. annon porennin diragas·venwed ✧ RS/451
• N. diragath·telwen porannin nithrad ✧ RS/451

Variations

• porannin ✧ RS/451

coen

?. [unglossed]

nith

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• On. nitse ✧ PE22/037

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. nitse > nĭth	[nitse] > [niθθe] > [niθθ] > [niθ]	✧ PE22/037

Variations

• nĭth ✧ PE22/037

borth

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ√BOR(ON) “endure” ✧ Ety/BOR

Element in

• N. Borthandos “*Steadfast-intelligence” ✧ Ety/BOR

Variations

• Borth ✧ Ety/BOR

mauth

?. [unglossed]

níth

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• On. nikthe ✧ PE22/037

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. nikthe > níth	[niktʰe] > [nixθe] > [nīθe] > [nīθ]	✧ PE22/037

menwed

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• N. annon porennin diragas·venwed ✧ RS/451

telwen

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• N. diragath·telwen porannin nithrad ✧ RS/451

diragas

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• N. annon porennin diragas·venwed ✧ RS/451
• N. diragath·telwen porannin nithrad ✧ RS/451

Variations

• diragath ✧ RS/451

nithrad

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• N. diragath·telwen porannin nithrad ✧ RS/451

clei

?. [unglossed]