Ender

bridegroom

Ender noun "bridegroom", surname of Tulkas (NDER, TULUK, VT45:11). The form Enderō(VT45:11) is defined as "[?virile] young bridegroom"; Tolkien's gloss was not entirely legible. But this would seem to be an archaic form, because of the long final -ō (later Quenya *Endero).

-úmë

large

-úmë (3) suffix "large" (of quantity)", as in liyúmë "host" (VT48:32)

Naira

dreadful, horrible, unendurable

naira (3) adj. "dreadful, horrible, unendurable" (PE17:151)

nerdo

large, strong man

nerdo noun "large, strong man" (compare nér) (VT47:33)

úra

large

úra (2) adj. "large" (UR), probably obsoleted by #1 above

alta

large, great in size

alta (1) adj. *"large, great in size" (root meaning)(ÁLAT). Alat- in Alatairë, q.v.

alat-

large, great in size

alat- prefix "large, great in size". (ÁLAT, cf. VT45:5). In Alatairë.

mordo

shadow, obscurity, stain

mordo (1) noun "shadow, obscurity, stain" (MOR)

velicë

great

velicë ("k") adj. "great" _(LT1:254; probably not valid in Tolkien's later Quenya; in the context of the Etymologies it would have to be derived from _BEL, but it is stated that this stem was "not found in Q". Perhaps Tolkien rejected velicë because it was too similar to the Russian word that clearly inspired it.)

pol

large, big (strong)

pol (2) adj. "large, big (strong)". Since this would be the sole example of a monosyllabic Quenya adjective, it may be that Tolkien is here citing the root POL rather than a complete word. Cf. polda.

daer

noun. bridegroom

daer

adjective. dreadful

_ adj. _dreadful, horrible, ghastly.

daer

adjective. great

daer

adjective. great, large

Derivations

• ✶daira “large, great” ✧ VT42/11
  • √DAY “*great” ✧ VT42/11

Element in

• S. Athrad Dhaer “Great Ford” ✧ WJ/338
• S. Daeron ✧ VT42/11
• S. Dor Daedeloth “Land of Great Dread; Land of Shadow of Horror”
• S. Dor-na-Daerachas “Land of Great Dread”
• S. Duin Dhaer ✧ WJ/191
• S. Lô Dhaer “Great Fen” ✧ VT42/14
• S. Lond Daer “Great Haven”
• S. Lond Daer Enedh “Great Middle Haven” ✧ UT/264

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶daira > daer	[daira] > [dair] > [daer]	✧ VT42/11

Variations

• Daer ✧ UT/264; WJ/335
• daer ✧ VT42/11

daer

adjective. dreadful, abominable, detestable

Derivations

• √NDAY “dreadful, abominable, detestable” ✧ PE17/151

Element in

• S. dae- “dreadful, abominable, detestable” ✧ PE17/151

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√NDAY > daer	[ndaira] > [daira] > [dair] > [daer]	✧ PE17/151

Variations

• daer ✧ PE17/151

dae

noun. shadow

dae

noun. shadow, shadow (cast by an object or form), [N.] shade

Element in

• S. Daeron ✧ SA/dae
• S. Dor Daedeloth “Land of Great Dread; Land of Shadow of Horror” ✧ SA/dae

dae-

prefix. dreadful, abominable, detestable

Element in

• S. daebeth “blasphemy” ✧ PE17/151
• S. daedelos “horrible fear” ✧ PE17/151

naer

adjective. dreadful

_ adj. _dreadful, horrible, unendurable. Q. naira.

beleg

adjective. large

adj. large, great. Q. melek-.

beleg

adjective. large

adj. large, great, big. . This gloss was rejected.

iaun

adjective. large

adj. large, extensive, wide, vast, huge. Q. yāna-. >> -ion

goeol

adjective. dreadful, terrifying

beleg

adjective. great, mighty

guruthos

noun. the shadow of death, death-horror

morchant

noun. shadow (of objects, cast by light), dark shape

daer

large

daer (great), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

daer

large

(great), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

daer

bridegroom

daer (i naer, o ndaer), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaer). Note: a homophone means "great, large", but has different mutations.

daer

noun. bridegroom

daer

bridegroom

(i naer, o ndaer), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaer). Note: a homophone means "great, large", but has different mutations.

daer

great

daer (large), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

daer

great

(large), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

#dae

great

#dae (lenited nae, no distinct pl. form). Isolated from daedhelos "great fear". Note: Homophones mean "shadow, shade" and also "very, exceedingly".

dae

shadow

(i dhae) (shade), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae).

dae

great

(lenited nae, no distinct pl. form). Isolated from daedhelos "great fear". Note: Homophones mean "shadow, shade" and also "very, exceedingly".

daew

shadow

(i dhaew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaew) (VT45:8).

gaer

dreadful

1) gaer (awful, fearful; holy); lenited aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea". 2) naer (lamentable, woeful, sad); no distinct pl. form.

gaer

dreadful

(awful, fearful; holy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea".

naer

dreadful

(lamentable, woeful, sad); no distinct pl. form.

duin

large river

(i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin), coll. pl. duinath (Names:179, PM:54)

dúath

dark shadow

(i dhúath) (nightshade), pl. dúaith (i núaith). Compare the Ephel Dúath or ”Mountains of Shadow” forming th outer fence of Mordor, perhaps suggesting that Dúath is also the word used of Sauron as ”the Shadow”.

beleg

great

beleg (mighty), lenited veleg, pl. belig

beleg

great

(mighty), lenited veleg, pl. belig

gwâth

shadow

(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shade, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261)

morchant

shadow

1) morchant (i vorchant), pl. morchaint (i morchaint). The literal meaning is ”dark shape”, referring to shadows with a recognizable form. 2) dae (i dhae) (shade), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae). 3) daew (i dhaew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaew) (VT45:8). 4) gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shade, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261) 5) muil (i vuil) (twilight, dreariness, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil**),

morchant

shadow

(i vorchant), pl. morchaint (i morchaint). The literal meaning is ”dark shape”, referring to shadows with a recognizable form.

muil

shadow

(i vuil) (twilight, dreariness, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil)

ugru

noun. shadow

A noun translated “shadow” (SD/247), also described as “a word with the evil sense of ‘night’ or ‘dark’” (SD/306). It appears in the preprositional phrase ugru-dalad “under shadow” (SD/247) and in the draft-dative form ugrus “‽horror‽shadow” (SD/311).

Element in

• Ad. Êruhînim dubdam ugru-dalad “[the Children of Eru] fell under shadow” ✧ SD/247; SD/247
• Ad. ēruhīn udūbanim dalad ugrus “‽ fell under ‽horror‽shadow” ✧ SD/311
• Ad. ugrudâ- “to overshadow”

nâlu

noun. shadow

A noun attested only in the compound agannâlô “death-shadow [is]” (SD/247, VT24/12). The first element of the compound, agan “death”, as identified elsewhere (SD/426), so the remaining element must mean “shadow”. The compound is the subject of the sentence agannâlô burôda nênud “death-shadow [is] heavy on us” and is therefore in the subjective case. According the grammatical rules of Lowdham’s Report, the only possibly normal form producing this subjective is nâlu: compare nîlu “moon” to its subjective form nîlô (SD/431).

Conceptual Development: In early writings, the compound was (non-subjective) agannūlo, so that the apparent draft form of this noun was nūlo. A similar form nūlu appears on SD/306, described only as “a word with the evil sense of ‘night’ or ‘dark’”. It could be a separate word or another variation of this word, with the development nūlo >> nūlu >> nālu. Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne suggested (AAD/21) that the earlier forms may be related to ᴹQ. nulla “dark, dusky, obscure”.

Element in

• Ad. agannâlô burôda nênud “[the] death-shadow [is] heavy on us” ✧ SD/247; SD/247
• Ad. agannūlo burudan nēnum “death-shade heavy-is on-us” ✧ SD/312

Variations

• nūlu ✧ SD/306
• nūlo ✧ SD/312

gabil Reconstructed

adjective. great

Element in

• Kh. Gabilân “Great River”
• Kh. Gabilgathol “Great Fortress”

nday

root. dreadful, abominable, detestable

Derivatives

• S. dael “horror” ✧ PE17/151
• S. daer “dreadful, abominable, detestable” ✧ PE17/151

wath

noun. shadow

Derivations

• √WATH “*shade, [ᴹ√] shade”

Derivatives

• S. gwath “shadow, dim light, shadow, dim light, [N.] shade” ✧ PE17/041

dae

noun. shadow

dae

noun. shadow (cast by an object or form), shade

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “shadow” derived from the root ᴹ√DAY of the same meaning (Ety/DAY). The original penciled version had {daer >>} dae, while the inked version had daew “shadow (cast by an object or form)” and Dae “shade” (EtyAC/DAY). It was most notably an element in the name N. Dor-Daedeloth “Land of the Shadow of Dread” (LR/120, 405). Christopher Tolkien had S. dae “shadow” in The Silmarillion appendix (SA/dae), but I suspect that was copied from The Etymologies. In later writings, Tolkien seems to have changed the initial element of Daedeloth to a variant of S. daer “great”, and its meaning from “Shadow of Dread” to “Great Dread” (WJ/183).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. laime “shadow (cast by an object or form), shade” ✧ EtyAC/DAY
• ᴹQ. leo “shade, shadow cast by any object” ✧ Ety/DAY

Derivations

• ᴹ√DAY “shadow” ✧ Ety/DAY; EtyAC/DAY
• ᴹ✶daiō “shade, shadow cast by any object” ✧ EtyAC/DAY; EtyAC/DAY
  • ᴹ√DAY “shadow” ✧ Ety/DAY; EtyAC/DAY

Element in

• N. Daedhelos “Shadow of Fear” ✧ Ety/DAY; EtyAC/DAY
• N. daedelu “canopy” ✧ EtyAC/DAY
• N. Dor-Daideloth “Land of (the Shadow of) Dread, Loathly Land”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶daiā > Dae	[daiā] > [daia] > [dai] > [dae]	✧ EtyAC/DAY

Variations

• dae ✧ Ety/DAY; EtyAC/DAY; PE22/034
• daew ✧ EtyAC/DAY
• Dae ✧ EtyAC/DAY
• daer ✧ EtyAC/DAY (daer)

daew

noun. shadow

daur

adjective. great, large

Derivations

• ᴹ✶daʒrā “great, large” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ
  • ᴹ√DAƷ “great” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶daʒrā > daur	[daɣrā] > [dārā] > [dāra] > [dǭra] > [doura] > [daura] > [daur]	✧ EtyAC/DAƷ

doer

noun. bridegroom

doer

noun. bridegroom

A noun appearing as N. doer “bridegroom” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√NDER of similar meaning (Ety/NDER). It is unusual in that its primitive form is ᴹ✶ndǣr, a rare example of the a-fortification of primitive e to ǣ (PE18/46). In Old Noldorin this became ON. ndair, and in Noldorin of the 1930s the diphthong [[n|[ai] became [oe] or [ae]]]. Indeed, in another entry in The Etymologies, Tolkien gave a variant form daer for “bridegroom”, though somewhat mysteriously he marked it as Old Noldorin (Ety/DER).

Neo-Sindarin: The a-fortification of primitive e remained a feature in Tolkien’s later writings, though in the 1950s Tolkien marked the result as ę̄ rather than ǣ (PE18/95). Thus primitive √NDER > ✱ndę̄r > OS. ndair > S. daer remains a plausible scenario in Sindarin, but ai > oe no longer occurred as it did in Noldorin. Therefore, I’d use the form ᴺS. daer for “bridegroom” in Neo-Sindarin, as suggested in HSD (HSD).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. nér “man, adult male” ✧ Ety/NDER

Derivations

• ᴹ√(N)DER “adult male, man; bridegroom” ✧ Ety/DER
• On. ndair “bridegroom” ✧ Ety/NDER
  • ᴹ✶ndǣr “bridegroom” ✧ Ety/NDER
  • ᴹ✶ndḗro “bridegroom” ✧ Ety/NDER
    • ᴹ√(N)DER “adult male, man; bridegroom” ✧ Ety/NDER
  • ᴹ√(N)DER “adult male, man; bridegroom” ✧ Ety/NĪ¹

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√NDERE > daer	[ndǣr] > [ndair] > [dair] > [daer]	✧ Ety/DER
On. ndair > doer	[ndair] > [dair] > [doer]	✧ Ety/NDER

Variations

• daer ✧ Ety/DER (On. daer)

gaer

adjective. dreadful

gaer

adjective. dreadful

Derivations

• On. gērrha “dreadful” ✧ Ety/GÁYAS
  • ᴹ✶gaisrā “dreadful” ✧ Ety/GÁYAS
  • ᴹ√GAYAS “fear” ✧ Ety/GÁYAS

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. gērrha > gaer	[gę̄rra] > [gę̄rr] > [gaerr] > [gaer]	✧ Ety/GÁYAS

enner

masculine name. Bridegroom

Noldorin equivalent of ᴹQ. Ender, another name for ᴹQ. Tulkas (Ety/TULUK, EtyAC/E).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. Ender “Bridegroom” ✧ Ety/TULUK; EtyAC/E

Derivations

• ᴹ√(N)DER “adult male, man; bridegroom” ✧ Ety/TULUK
• ᴹ✶Endero “(?virile) young bridegroom” ✧ EtyAC/E
  • ᴹ√(N)DER “adult male, man; bridegroom” ✧ Ety/NDER

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√DER > Enner	[endero] > [ender] > [enner]	✧ Ety/TULUK
ᴹ✶Enderō > Enner	[endero] > [endero] > [ender] > [enner]	✧ EtyAC/E

gorgor

adjective. dreadful

Derivations

• √ÑGOR “dread, terror, fear, horror”

Element in

• N. Kirith Gorgor “Dreadful Pass” ✧ WR/122

Variations

• Gorgor ✧ WR/122

beleg

adjective. great, mighty

beleg

adjective. great, large

Cognates

• Ilk. Beleg “Strong” ✧ Ety/BEL
• ᴹT. belka “excessive” ✧ Ety/BEL

Derivations

• On. beleka “mighty, huge, great” ✧ Ety/BEL
  • ᴹ✶bélekā “mighty, huge, great” ✧ Ety/BEL
  • ᴹ√BEL “strong” ✧ Ety/BEL

Element in

• N. Beleghir “Great River”
• N. Belegoer “Great Sea” ✧ Ety/BEL
• N. Belegast “Void”
• N. Belegol “Great Aule” ✧ Ety/BEL
• N. Belegost “Great Fortress, Great City” ✧ Ety/BEL
• N. Belegund
• N. Carnbeleg “Ruddyhorn”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. beleka > beleg	[beleka] > [belek] > [beleg]	✧ Ety/BEL