collo

noun. cloak

A word for “cloak” appearing in Sindacollo “Grey Cloak” cognate to S. Thingol (PE17/72; SA/thin(d)), clearly a derivative of √KOL “bear, carry, wear”.

Cognates

• S. coll “cloak, mantle”

Derivations

• √KOL “bear, carry, wear”

Element in

• Q. Sindacollo “Grey-cloak, Greymantle” ✧ SA/thin(d)
• Q. Sindicollo “Grey-cloak”
• Q. Singollo “Grey-cloak, Greymantle” ✧ SA/thin(d)

colla

borne, worn

colla passive participle "borne, worn" (compare #col- "bear"); also used as a noun = "vestment, cloak" (MR:385). Variant form collo "cloak" _(SA:thin(d) ) _in the name Sindicollo (q.v.), sc. colla with a masculine ending.

colla

noun/adjective. borne, worn; vestment, cloak

Element in

• Q. Sindicollo “Grey-cloak” ✧ MR/385
• Q. Tannacolli “Signifer” ✧ MR/385

Elements

Word	Gloss
col-	“to bear, carry, wear”
-(i)la	“active participle”

Variations

• kolla ✧ MR/385; MR/471

vacco

jacket, cloak

vacco ("k")noun "jacket, cloak" (GL:21, QL:100)

top-

cover

top- vb. "cover" (1st pers. aorist topë "covers"), pa.t. tompë (TOP). Variant tup-, q.v.

tup-

cover

#tup- vb. "cover", isolated from untúpa, q.v. Variant top- in the Etymologies.

fanta-

to veil, cloak, mantle

fanta- vb. "to veil, cloak, mantle" (VT43:22), mainly used of veils cast over things that shone, or that were brighter and more vivid (PE17:174); according to Tolkien usually the strong past tense fánë and perfect afánië were used, but later also fantanë in the past tense (and then perhaps *afantië in the perfect?) (PE17:179-180) Cf halya- (q.v.), the stem of which Tolkien contrasted with the stem of this verb (PE17:184).

fanta-

verb. to veil, cloak, mantle

Cognates

• S. fanna- “to veil, cloak” ✧ PE17/174

Derivations

• ✶phantā- “to veil, cloak” ✧ PE17/174
  • √PHAN “cover, screen, veil; white, (light white) shape; shape, vision” ✧ PE17/173
  • √PHA “exhalations (as mists upon water or steams and the like)” ✧ NM/237
• √PHAN “cover, screen, veil; white, (light white) shape; shape, vision” ✧ VT43/22
  • √PHA “exhalations (as mists upon water or steams and the like)” ✧ NM/237

Element in

• ᴺQ. fantarcenya “perspicacious, penetrating of sight or understanding”
• Q. fantarcenya “perspicacious, penetrating of sight or understanding” ✧ PE17/176
• Q. úfantima “not concealable” ✧ PE17/176
• Q. terfantië “*temptation”
• Q. Valar ar Maiar fantaner nassentar fanainen ve quenderinwe coar ar larmar “Valar and Maiar cloaked their true-being in veils, like to Elvish bodies and raiment” ✧ PE17/174; PE17/175

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶phantā- > fanta-	[pʰanta-] > [ɸanta-] > [fanta-]	✧ PE17/174
√phan- > fanta-	[pʰanta-] > [ɸanta-] > [fanta-]	✧ VT43/22

vasar

noun. veil

Cognates

• S. gwath “shadow, dim light, shadow, dim light, [N.] shade” ✧ VT42/09

Derivations

• √WATHAR “*shadow, veil” ✧ VT42/09; VT42/10

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√Wathar > waþar > vasar	[watʰar] > [waθar] > [βaθar] > [vaθar] > [vasar]	✧ VT42/09
√waþar > vasar	[watʰar] > [waθar] > [βaθar] > [vaθar] > [vasar]	✧ VT42/10

vasar

veil

vasar (þ) noun "veil" (VT42:10, the word was "not in daily use", VT42:9). Older form waþar.

fanwa

veil, screen

fanwa noun "veil, screen" (PE17:176, 180)

halya-

veil, conceal, screen from light

halya- vb. "veil, conceal, screen from light" (SKAL1, VT46:13) Tolkien noted that "√SKAL applied to more opaque things that cut off light and cast shadows over other things" (PE17:184), contrasting it with √SPAN, the rejected stem of fanta-, q.v.

vasarya-

to veil

vasarya- (þ) vb. "to veil" (VT42:10)

vasarya-

verb. to veil

Derivations

• √WATHAR “*shadow, veil” ✧ VT42/10

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√waþar > vasarya-	[watʰarja-] > [waθarja-] > [βaθarja-] > [vaθarja-] > [vasarja-]	✧ VT42/10

coll

noun. cloak, mantle

coll

noun. cloak, mantle

A word for “cloak, mantle” implied by the name Thingol “Grey Cloak, Grey Mantle” and its Quenya cognate Sindacollo containing Q. collo “cloak” (S/56; SA/thin(d); PE17/72), clearly derived from √KOL “bear, carry, wear” (PE17/158).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. tôl “a mantle” related to G. tô “wool” (GL/71).

Cognates

• Q. collo “cloak”

Derivations

• √KOL “bear, carry, wear”

Element in

• S. Thingol “Greycloak, Greymantle” ✧ PE17/072

fanha-

verb. to veil, cloak

fân

noun. veil

esgal

noun. veil, screen, cover that hides

fân

noun. cloud (applied to clouds, floating as veils over the blue sky or the sun or moon, or resting on hills)

fanha-

verb. to veil

v. to veil, cloak. Q. fanta-. Naturally mainly used of veils cast over things that shone, or were brighter and more vivid.

coll

cloak

coll (i goll, o choll), pl. cyll (i chyll). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "red, scarlet".

coll

cloak

(i goll, o choll), pl. cyll (i chyll). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "red, scarlet".

fanna- Reconstructed

verb. to veil, cloak

Cognates

• Q. fanta- “to veil, cloak, mantle” ✧ PE17/174

Derivations

• ✶phantā- “to veil, cloak” ✧ PE17/174
  • √PHAN “cover, screen, veil; white, (light white) shape; shape, vision” ✧ PE17/173
  • √PHA “exhalations (as mists upon water or steams and the like)” ✧ NM/237

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶phantā- > fanha-	[pʰanta-] > [pʰantʰa-] > [pʰanθa-] > [ɸanθa-] > [fanθa-] > [fanna-]	✧ PE17/174

Variations

• fanha- ✧ PE17/174

helf

fur, fur coat

(i chelf, o chelf), pl. hilf (i chilf), coll. pl. helvath

toba

cover

toba- (i doba, i thobar) (roof over). Cited as a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -o (tobo)

toba

cover

(i doba, i thobar) (roof over). Cited as a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -o (tobo)

escal

veil

(screen, cover that hides), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail).

escal

veil

(noun) 1) escal (screen, cover that hides), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail). 2) fân (cloud, manifested body of a Vala), construct fan, pl. fain

escal

cover

(a cover that hides) escal (screen, veil), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail).

escal

cover

(screen, veil), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail).

garob

noun. robe, robe, [G.] outer garment, cloak

fân

veil

(cloud, manifested body of a Vala), construct fan, pl. fain

gwathra

veil

(i ’wathra, in gwathrar) (dim, obscure, overshadow)

gwathra

veil

(verb) gwathra- (i **wathra, in gwathrar**) (dim, obscure, overshadow)

gollo

noun. fur, cloak

Derivations

• √KOL “bear, carry, wear”

phantā-

verb. to veil, cloak

Derivations

• √PHAN “cover, screen, veil; white, (light white) shape; shape, vision” ✧ PE17/173
  • √PHA “exhalations (as mists upon water or steams and the like)” ✧ NM/237

Derivatives

• Q. fanta- “to veil, cloak, mantle” ✧ PE17/174
• S. fanna- “to veil, cloak” ✧ PE17/174

skal

root. cover, veil, cloak, conceal, cover, veil, cloak, conceal, [ᴹ√] screen, hide (from light), overshadow

A root appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s as ᴹ√SKAL “screen, hide (from light), overshadow” (Ety/SKAL¹) with a couple rejected variant meanings “cower, hide” and “conceal, hide (from light)” (EtyAC/SKAL¹, SKAL³). It had derivatives like ᴹQ. halda/N. hall “veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady” and Ilk. esgal “screen, hiding, roof of leaves” as in Ilk. Esgalduin “River under Veil” (Ety/SKAL¹).

The root reappeared as √SKAL “cover, veil, cloak, conceal” with a “privative” √S- prefix added to √KAL “light”, again as the basis for S. esgal “a cast shadow” in S. Esgalduin “River under Shade” (PE17/184). In this note, Tolkien contrasted √SKAL with √SPAN of similar meaning, saying that “√SKAL was applied to more opaque things that cut off light and cast shadows over other things ... √SPAN was applied to things of lighter texture, and corresponds closer to our veil” and also:

> SKAL was primitively verbal [whereas] SPAN was primitively nominal. Thus the most primitive derivative of SKAL was skalā and this meant the action or effect of overshadowing ... But spanā meant a thing that veiled, a veil (PE17/184).

Elsewhere the derivatives of √SPAN were more frequently attributed to √PHAN; see those entries for further discussion.

Derivatives

• ✶skalā “a cast shadow; the action or effect of overshadowing” ✧ PE17/184
  • Q. hala “cast shadow, cast shadow, *shade” ✧ PE17/184
  • S. esgal “cast shadow, shade; screen, hiding, veil, cast shadow, shade; screen, hiding; veil” ✧ PE17/184

span

root. cover, veil, cloak, conceal, cover, veil, cloak, conceal; [ᴹ√] white

A root appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s as ᴹ√SPAN “white” (Ety/SPAN) with derivatives like ᴹQ. fanya/N. fein “white” and ᴹQ. fána/N. faun “cloud”, the latter an element in ᴹQ. Fantur/N. Fannor “Lord of Cloud” as the basis for N. Gurfannor and N. Olfannor which were alternate names of Mandos and Lórien (Ety/SPAN). In writings from the 1910s, these alternate names were instead based on ᴱQ. Fantur/G. Fanthor < ᴱ√FANA; this early root seem to mostly have to do with dreams and visions (QL/37; GL/34).

Starting in the late 1950s, Tolkien began using √FAN or √PHAN “white” as the basis for cloud words (PE17/26, 36). √SPAN “cover, veil, cloak, conceal” was restored in a 1967 discussion of the root √SKAL of similar meaning where Tolkien said “√SKAL was applied to more opaque things that cut off light and cast shadows over other things ... √SPAN was applied to things of lighter texture, and corresponds closer to our veil” and “SKAL was primitively verbal [whereas] SPAN was primitively nominal” (PE17/184). However, towards the end of this note Tolkien wrote “Keep this part so far as it affects SKAL”, hinting that √SPAN was discarded; this rejection may have been tied to his introduction of a privative sense to prefixal √S- which worked for √S-KAL (“without light”) but not √SPAN. He wrote several other lengthy essays in 1967 with √PHAN = “veil”; see that entry for discussion.

Derivatives

• ✶spanā “a thing that veiled, a veil” ✧ PE17/184

toba-

verb. to cover, roof over

heleth

noun. fur, fur-coat

helf

noun. fur

helf

noun. fur, fur, *hide

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “fur” appearing beside N. heleth “fur, fur-coat”, both derived from the root ᴹ√SKEL (Ety/SKEL). Since N. helf seems to be the cognate of ᴹQ. helma “skin, fell”, I believe helf refers to both skin and fur together and hence = “✱hide”, whereas heleth refers to just the fur itself.

Conceptual Development: Various rejected forms appeared in The Etymologies, including halath “skin, fell” from an earlier version the root ᴹ√SKAL, revised to helath “skin, fell” before being deleted (EtyAC/SKEL). Possible precursors include ᴱN. gwadh “bark, skin, peel” vs. ᴱT. suada “hide” (PE13/146), and G. dafros “bark, skin, peel” (GL/29); see those entries for details.

Changes

• helath → helf “skin, fell” ✧ Ety/SKEL

Derivations

• ᴹ✶skelmā “skin, fell” ✧ Ety/SKEL
  • ᴹ√SKEL “*strip” ✧ Ety/SKEL; EtyAC/SKEL
• ᴹ√SKEL “*strip” ✧ Ety/SKEL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶skelmā > helf	[skelmā] > [skelma] > [sxelma] > [xelma] > [xelm] > [helm] > [helv]	✧ Ety/SKEL
ᴹ√SKEL > helath	[skelatta] > [skelattʰa] > [skelaθθa] > [sxelaθθa] > [xelaθθa] > [xelaθθ] > [helaθθ] > [helaθ]	✧ Ety/SKEL

Variations

• helath ✧ EtyAC/SKEL (helath)