caun

noun. outcry, clamour

caen

cardinal. ten

cund

noun. prince

This word is only directly attested in the Etymologies, appearing as N. †cunn “prince” (Ety/KUNDŪ) and marked as an archaic form (EtyAC/KUNDŪ). It still appears in later writings as a element in some first-age Sindarin names from The Silmarillion: Baragund, Belegund and (perhaps) Felagund. Its Quenya cognate Q. cundo also appears in later writings (PM/260, PE17/117-8), indicating that †cund may have remained conceptually valid. Elsewhere, the third-age Sindarin word for “prince” is said to be caun¹ (PE17/102), so it seems likely the older form †cund fell out use.

iaun

adjective. large, extensive, wide, roomy, wide, extensive, vast, huge, wide, extensive, large, roomy, vast, huge

calan

noun. day(light)

caralluin

adjective. red-blue

canath

noun. quarter

iavas

noun. autumn

adu

adjective. double

anc

noun. jaw, row of teeth

ann

noun. gift

iau

noun. corn

-ant

suffix. 3rd person past tense

auth

noun. a dim shape, spectral or vague apparition, dim shape, spectral or vague apparition

calardan

noun. lampwright

dant

noun. fall

daur

noun. †stop, pause, league, league; †stop, pause

fang

noun. beard

hand

adjective. intelligent

harn

adjective. south, south, southern, southern

iant

noun. bridge

lang

noun. a passage (physical), neck, neck, passage

maen

noun. a treasure

main

adjective. prime, chief, pre-eminent

maud

?. [unglossed]

maw

noun. hand

mund

noun. bull

naub

noun. thumb

raen

adjective. netted, enlaced

raen

adjective. smiling, smiling, gracious, sweet-faced

rain

noun. erratic wandering

saur

adjective. bad (of food), putrid

talf

noun. flat field, topographical flat area, wang, wang, flat field, topographical flat area

taur

noun. forest, forest, (great) wood, wood, forest

taur

adjective. vast, mighty, overwhelming, awful, huge, high, sublime

taur

noun. king (of a whole tribe)

-iand

suffix. -land

anann

adverb. (for) long, for long, long

brand

noun. steeple

carag

noun. spike, tooth of rock

dalath

noun. plain, plain, low lying/flat ground

draug

noun. wolf

gland

noun. boundary

laudh

noun. gluttonous eating

os

preposition. about

caran-rass

place name. Redhorn

The archaic form of Caradhras; see that entry for further discussion.

athgen

adjective. easily seen

besain

noun. the Lady, breadgiver

cadhad

noun. dwarf

carach

noun. jaws, rows of teeth

carfa-

verb. to talk, speak, use tongue

cýra-

verb. to renew

cýron

noun. new-moon

dannen

noun. ebb, lowtide

edwen

ordinal. second

govan-

verb. to come to same place, meet, to meet, come to same place

lammen

adjective. of tongue, spoken with tongue

maeron

noun. artist, poet

naugol

noun. Dwarf (diminutive)

orchal

adjective. tall, superior, eminent, lofty

cathrae

noun. tressure, tressure, *net for containing hair

loven

adjective. echoing

malthen

adjective. of gold

pae(an)

cardinal. 10, ten

pennod

adjective. without count

-iel

suffix. feminine suffix, daughter

ai

pronoun. those who

ci

pronoun. thou

en

pronoun. 1st sg pronoun

en

preposition. of, of the

ness

noun. headland

sel(l)

noun. daughter, †girl, maid

sui

preposition. as

ui

adverb. ever

genediad

noun. reckoning

glandagol

noun. boundary mark

maecheneb

adjective. sharp-eye[d]

-on

suffix. ending in male names, masculine suffix

-en

suffix. 1st person singular possessive, my, 1st sg. poss. suffix, possessive suffix of 1st person sg.

-nt

suffix. past of transitive verbs

-ra

suffix. many Sindardin adverbs end in [this]

ach

conjunction. but

ach

noun. neck

bregolas

noun. fierceness

dae

noun. shadow

ech

pronoun. you, yourself (singular)

eno

adverb. still

gas

noun. hole, gap

mae

adverb/adjective. well, excellent, admirable

maeth

noun. management

naw

adjective. hollow

nin

pronoun. me

nordh

noun. oak

ram

noun. wall

roch heryn

Lady(’s) horse

saw

noun. filth, putrescence

sen

pronoun. this

taw

adjective. wood as material

tegil

noun. pen

hair

noun/adjective. left (hand)

rasg

noun. wain, *wagon

rîn

noun. remembrance

sâdh

noun. sward, turf

-enc

suffix. our (inclusive), 1st pl. incl. poss. suffix

-ent

suffix. 3rd person plural possessive suffix, their, 3rd pl. poss. suffix

agor

adjective. narrow

alaf

noun. elm

amar

noun. settlement, this World, the Earth, world, world, the Earth, (lit.) settlement

ath-

prefix. on both sides, across

ath-

prefix. easily

bara

adjective. fiery, eager

born

adjective. hot, red

caro den i innas lin

thy will be done

The fourth line of Ae Adar Nín, Tolkien’s Sindarin translation of the Lord’s Prayer (VT44/21). The first word caro is the imperative form of the verb car- “to do”. The third word is the definite article i¹ “the”, followed by innas “will” and the possessive pronoun lin “your”, with the adjectival element following the noun as is usual in Sindarin.

The function of the word den in this phrase is unclear. Bill Welden suggested (VT44/25) that is a marker of the passive voice (“thy will be done” instead of “do thy will”), and is the lenited form of ten, either a 3rd-plural pronoun “they” (as in impersonal English phrases such as “they say ...”) or a neutral pronoun “it”. Since “they” appears as di (← ti) elsewhere in the prayer, I think the second possibility is more likely.

See the entry for the second line of this prayer for a discussion of the use of the definite article i¹ before the possessed noun in this phrase.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

coll

adjective. hollow

eithro

adverb. also

fair

adjective. quick, ready, prompt

fast

noun. shaggy hair

glîn(n)

noun. gleam, glint

gorn

adjective. hard, hard, stiff, thrawn

gorn

adjective. revered

gwedh

noun. bond

hall

adjective. exalted, high

hall

adjective. veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady

him

adjective. cool

híril

noun. lady

hû

noun. spirit, shadow

i

pronoun. that, who, who, that

laeg

adjective. (fresh and) green, viridis, green, green (of leaves/herbiage), viridis, fresh and green

laew

adjective. fresh

lass

noun. leaf

lhaw

noun. ears (of one person)

loen

adjective. soaking wet, swamped

loss

noun. snow

lín

pronoun. thy

maed

adjective. shapely

mael

adjective. well

mein

ordinal. first

nail

ordinal. third

nimp

adjective. small and frail

nín

pronoun. my

pad-

verb. step, to step, walk, walk, walk, step

padra-

verb. to walk, walk

rhae

adjective. easy

sûl

noun. wind

taer

adjective. lofty

taid

adjective. supporting, second in command

tha-

verb. to become

urug

noun. bogey

în

noun. year

gorgor

noun. extreme horror, extreme horror, terror, haunting fear, terror, haunting fear

agarfant beth

he spoke words

lebent

noun. fourth finger

nínedhel

proper name. Tear(ful) Elf

A term for the Dark-elves (PE17/139). The final element is clearly Edhel “Elf”, but the initial element is less clear. It might be nîn² “tear” referring to the sorrow of them being left behind, but this is just a guess.

nîr

noun. tear, weeping

palan-díriel

noun. far-gazer

ablad

noun. prohibition, refusal

aglor

adjective. brilliant, glorious

asgar

adjective. violent, rushing, impetious

barad

noun. a great towering building (fort/city/castle), tower, tower, tower, fortress

belair

proper name. Valinorian Elf

A term appearing in Tolkien’s “Words, Phrases and Passages from The Lord of the Rings” from the 1950s-60s (PE17/139). It had the singular forms belerion, belerieth, belair and plural forms belair, balarwaith, beleriath. It appeared in a discussion of terms for distinct tribes of Elves: Sindar, Noldor and Nandor, but it is unclear to which tribe the name applies. The plural form balarwaith suggests a relationship to the S. Balan “Vala”, so it perhaps means “Valinorian Elf” = Noldor.

beren

adjective. bold

brass

noun. great cliff

ceber

noun. stake, stake, spike

cŷl

noun. renewal

cŷr

adjective. renewed

dolen

adjective. hidden

dîn

noun/adjective. silence, silent, silent, quiet

edra-

verb. open (out), to open (out)

ennas

adverb. there

glass

noun. joy

gwath

noun. shade, shadow, shadow, dim light

hador

noun. thrower (of spears and darts)

haedh

noun. fenced enclosure

harvo

noun. left hand, left side, the left hand, left side

hûr

noun. readiness for action, vigour, fiery spirit

lossen

adjective. snowy

lîn

noun. pool, mere

lŷg

noun. snake

nadha

noun. fetter

negen

adjective. sharp, angular

neldor

noun. beech

niged

noun. little finger

parch

adjective. naked (of persons)

rhaed

noun. peculiar hue, (special) fashion

rhond

noun. body

tewch

noun. (?chip)

thala

adjective. stalwart, steady, firm

thorn

adjective. steadfast

rem

noun. a hunter’s or fisher’s net, mesh, mesh, net (for catching)

dîr

adjective. hard, difficult

gling-

verb. to hang, dangle

gor-

prefix. hard, difficult

rim

noun. great number, host, host, crowd, great number, people

î(r)

pronoun. impersonal plural pronoun

adbed-

verb. to rephrase

alagos

noun. storm of wind

albeth

noun. (word of) good omen, a (word of) good omen

athgar

adjective. easy (easy to do)

athra-

verb. to treat medically

brith

noun. gravel

eitha-

verb. to ease, assist

fergar

adjective. soon done

gwarth

noun. betrayer

ithron

noun. Wizard

lebdas

noun. index finger

leutha-

verb. pick (up/out), to pick (up/out)

lûth

noun. inflorescense, mass of flowers (on one plant)

neledh

cardinal. three

nethel

noun. sister

nîth

noun. sister

penbed

adjective. not pronouncable

penedh

noun. Elf

penim vast

we have no bread

rhîw

noun. winter

suilad

noun. greeting

-i

suffix. adjectival, adjectival suffix

astorad

noun. loyalty

dartha-

verb. to wait, stay, remain, last, endure

dŷl

noun. mistake

ephola-

verb. to remember

hithren

adjective. grey

im

preposition. between

maetha-

verb. to handle, manage, wield, use, treat, deal with, to handle, treat, manage, use, wield

neithan

noun. one deprived, exile whose rights and goods have been confiscated

nuitha-

verb. stunt, prevent from coming to completion, stop short, not allow to continue, to stunt, prevent from coming to completion, stop short, not allow to continue

reitha-

verb. to try, strive

reth

noun. climber

rhugarol

adjective. wicked, doing evil

ruthra-

verb. to rage

ídhra-

verb. to long for, desire

pedo beth mellon

say the word mellon

avo garo

don’t do it

dirbedui

adjective. hard to utter, difficult to pronounce

edhellen

adjective. elvish

esten(t)

adjective. short

fergenol

adjective. quick to see or perceive, sharp-sighted or witted

gorbedui

adjective. only to be said with horror or grief, lamentable to tell

gordh

adjective. difficult, laborious

gruitha-

verb. to terrify

no aer i eneth lín

hallowed be thy name

The second line of Ae Adar Nín, Tolkien’s Sindarin translation of the Lord’s Prayer (VT44/21). The first word no is the imperative form of the verb na- “to be” followed by aer “*hallowed, holy”; see that word’s entry for further discussion.

The third word is the definite article i¹ “the”, followed by eneth “name” and the possessive pronoun lín “your”, with the adjectival element following the noun as is usual in Sindarin. As pointed out by Bill Welden (VT44/24), the formation i eneth lín seems to be modeled after Welsh, with the possessive pronoun following the noun, which itself is preceded (at least sometimes) by the definite article. A rough English equivalent might be “*the name yours”. A similar construction appears in the Moria gate inscription: i thiw hin = “the signs these”.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

sigil

noun. necklace

-iel

suffix. perfective-participle

a elbereth gilthoniel

o Elbereth who lit the stars

bôr

noun/adjective. steadfast, trusty man, faithful vassal

mith

adjective. grey, grey, light grey, grey, light grey, pale grey, pale grey

molif

noun. wrist, (lit.) hand-link

o menel palan-diriel

[from firmament] gazing afar, from heaven gazing far, from Heaven gazing far,

ón annin

he gave (it) to me

-ol

suffix. continuative participle

o galadhremmin ennorath

from this tree-tangled Middle-earth, from tree-tangled middlelands, from tree-tangled middle-lands

nelchaenen

ordinal. thirtieth, thirty

pennoediad

adjective. innumerable

lhoew

noun. (a) poison(ous substance), poison(ous substance)

-ir

suffix. past of intransitive verbs

de

pronoun. thee/you

dem

adjective. sad, gloomy

edregol

adverb. in especial

ross

adjective. red-haired, copper-coloured

ereg

noun. holly, holly, thorn, thorn, holly

lim

adjective. quick, swift

goroth

noun. horror, dread

gost

noun. dread, terror

lebig

noun. little finger

o menel aglar elenath

from firmament glory (of) the star-host, from Firmament glory of the stars!, from Heaven on high ... the glory of the starry host., from heaven on high the glory of the starry host, from Heaven on high the glory of the starry host., from the firmament radiance of the (host of) stars!

-(r)il

suffix. feminine suffix

goe

noun. terror, great fear

glir-

verb. to sing, recite poem

gell

noun. joy, triumph, (?victory)

silif

noun. light of Silpion, †silver

-ed

suffix. 3rd person singular possessive suffix

-emir

suffix. 1st person plural exclusive possessive

-elir

suffix. 2nd person plural polite possessive suffix

-egir

suffix. 2nd person plural familiar possessive suffix

-eg

suffix. 2nd person singular familiar possessive suffix

di

preposition. with

dîs

noun. bride

e

pronoun. he

ed

pronoun. it

ego

interjection. be off!

egor

conjunction. or

elo

interjection. behold!

* ethir

noun. spy

gorthob

adjective. horrible

* hîl

noun. heir

* lisg

noun. reed, reeds

* lost

adjective. empty

mîdh

noun. dew

sereg

noun. blood

* teler

proper name. Teleri

The Sindarin equivalent of Q. Teler, used only by the people of Círdan and attested only in the plural forms Telir and Telerrim (PM/385). It may be that its singular form was not used.

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, the earliest form of this name was G. Tilith (GL/70), though at this stage the name referred to the first tribe instead of the third. In Early Noldorin notes from the 1920s, it became ᴱN. Tiledh, a reference to the sea-elves (PE13/154).

A similar term teleir appears in the “Words, Phrases and Passages from The Lord of the Rings” from the 1950s-60s, where Tolkien indicated that it was used “as a general term distinguishing Sindar (and usually also Nandor) from either the Noldor and the Dark-elves” (PE17/139). The term teleir developed from the primitive adjective ✶teleryā, and appeared beside variants telerion and telerieth, probably male and female forms. These notes also included several plural forms: telir, teleriath and telerwaith.

* nod-

verb. count, to count

* cuina-

verb. to be alive

* an-

prefix. intensive prefix

* cast

noun. cape, headland

* lain

noun. thread, warp, ‽twine

* land

adjective. broad, broad, wide

* raud

noun. metal

* aewen

adjective. of birds

This is apparently an adjectival form of aew “(small) bird” appearing in the name Linaewen “Lake of Birds” (S/119, SA/lin¹, UT/401), formed using the adjective suffix -en¹.

* avorn

adjective. [stead]fast

* cened

noun. looking

* cuia-

verb. to live

* rost

adjective. rainy

* talif

noun. ankle

* fanwos

noun. mind-picture (of apparition in dream), mind-picture of apparition in dream

* aníra-

verb. to desire

* gardhon

noun. province

* fael

noun/adjective. gleam of the sun, gleaming

* po

preposition. on

* genedia-

verb. to reckon

* luithia-

verb. to quench

* magor

noun. swordsman

* suilanna-

verb. to greet, *give greeting

* -ad

suffix. noun-suffix

* ast

noun. light or heat of the sun

* agar

noun. blood

* flâd

noun. skin

* fû

noun. path

* lind

adjective. fair

* norn

noun/adjective. hard, dwarf

* oel

adjective. cool

* rîf

noun. bark

* tuil

noun. spring

* gorth

noun. dead (person)

* -or

suffix. agental suffix

* dim

noun. stair

* dring

noun. hammer

* echil

noun. follower

* glim

noun. voice, voices

* laba-

verb. to hop

* onna-

verb. to be born

* pîn

adjective. little

* sabar

noun. delving

* tagol

noun. post, mark

* -iel

suffix. adjective suffix

* drega-

verb. to flee

* lacha-

verb. to flame

* lamma-

verb. to echo

* nalla-

verb. to cry

* ortha-

verb. to raise

* síla-

verb. to shine

* brithon

adjective. pebbly

* glenna-

verb. to travel

* mithren

adjective. grey

* neitha-

verb. to wrong, deprive

* talraph

noun. stirrup

* egleria-

verb. to glorify, praise

* bril

noun. glass, crystal

* -og

suffix. singular suffix