Quenya 

polda

big

polda adj. "big" (PE17:115), "strong, burly" (POL/POLOD)

polda

adjective. big, big; [ᴹQ.] strong, burly; [ᴱQ.] mighty, powerful

Derivations

  • √POL “can, have physical power and ability; large, big (strong); pound up, break up small, reduce to powder, can, have physical power and ability; large, big (strong); [ᴹ√] physically strong, [ᴱ√] have stength; [√] pound up, break up small, reduce to powder” ✧ PE17/115

Derivatives

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√pol > polda[polna] > [polda]✧ PE17/115

Variations

  • polya ✧ PE17/115 (polya)

höa

adjective. big, large

@@@ used in NQNT

Derivations

  • √KHAW “big” ✧ PE17/115

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√KHAWA > höa[kʰawa] > [xawa] > [xoa] > [hoa]✧ PE17/115

molda

adjective. big, large

Derivations

  • √MŌ “labour, be afflicted” ✧ PE17/115

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√MBOL > molda[mbolda] > [molda]✧ PE17/115

túra

big, great

túra adj. "big, great" (PE17:115), related to words for power and apparently referring to a more abstract greatness than words like haura "huge". Cf. taura, túrëa. Apparently initial element of Túrosto.

túra

adjective. big, great, great, big

@@@ is at odds with the other meanings of this root, which generally have to do with mastery, conquest and non-physical power

Derivations

  • √TUR “dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power, dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power; [ᴹ√] victory; [ᴱ√] am strong” ✧ PE17/115

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√TUR > tūra[tūra]✧ PE17/115

Variations

  • tūra ✧ PE17/115

velca

adjective. large, great, big

Cognates

  • S. beleg “great, mighty; large, big, great, mighty; large, big, [ᴱN.] huge” ✧ PE17/115

Derivations

  • ✶(m)belek- “large, great, big, large, great, big, [ᴹ✶] huge; mighty”
    • √MBELEK “mighty, powerful, strong; power as force or strength; great, large” ✧ PE17/115
    • √BEL “*strong, [ᴹ√] strong” ✧ PE17/115

Variations

  • velka ✧ PE17/115 (velka)
  • velke ✧ PE17/115 (velke)

pol

large, big (strong)

pol (2) adj. "large, big (strong)". Since this would be the sole example of a monosyllabic Quenya adjective, it may be that Tolkien is here citing the root POL rather than a complete word. Cf. polda.

-úmë

large

-úmë (3) suffix "large" (of quantity)", as in liyúmë "host" (VT48:32)

velicë

great

velicë ("k") adj. "great" _(LT1:254; probably not valid in Tolkien's later Quenya; in the context of the Etymologies it would have to be derived from _BEL, but it is stated that this stem was "not found in Q". Perhaps Tolkien rejected velicë because it was too similar to the Russian word that clearly inspired it.)

úra

large

úra (2) adj. "large" (UR), probably obsoleted by #1 above

nerdo

large, strong man

nerdo noun "large, strong man" (compare nér) (VT47:33)

alat-

large, great in size

alat- prefix "large, great in size". (ÁLAT, cf. VT45:5). In Alatairë.

alta

large, great in size

alta (1) adj. *"large, great in size" (root meaning)(ÁLAT). Alat- in Alatairë, q.v.

hoa

höa

hoa ("höa") adj. "big, large" (PE17:115)

Sindarin 

beleg

adjective. large

adj. large, great. Q. melek-.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:115] < _mbelek_ < BEL, MBEL. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

beleg

adjective. large

adj. large, great, big. . This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:115] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

beleg

adjective. great, mighty

Sindarin [Ety/352, S/428] Group: SINDICT. Published by

beleg

adjective. great, mighty; large, big, great, mighty; large, big, [ᴱN.] huge

The primitive form of this word in later writings is unclear. The development in Quenya seems indicates a primitive initial ✶mb- and a primitive form of ✶mbeleke, as in ✶Mbelekōro or ✶Mbelekōre > Q. Melkor (PE17/115, WJ/402). However, the nasal mutation meleg appears in Taur-i-Melegyrn “Forest of the Great Trees”, indicating a primitive initial ✶b- and a primitive form of ✶beleke. It is possible the soft mutation veleg appears Arveleg, also indicating a primitive initial ✶b-. @@@ Also Cûl Veleg.

It may be that the strengthening of √BEL ⇒ √MBEL occurred only in Quenya, and the Sindarin form developed from the original √BEL instead. Since The Etymologies state that √BEL was “not found in Q[uenya]”, this seems a likely scenario to me.

Cognates

  • Q. velca “large, great, big” ✧ PE17/115

Derivations

  • ✶(m)belek- “large, great, big, large, great, big, [ᴹ✶] huge; mighty” ✧ PE17/115
    • √MBELEK “mighty, powerful, strong; power as force or strength; great, large” ✧ PE17/115
    • √BEL “*strong, [ᴹ√] strong” ✧ PE17/115
  • √MBELEK “mighty, powerful, strong; power as force or strength; great, large” ✧ PE17/115
    • √BEL “*strong, [ᴹ√] strong” ✧ PE17/115

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶mbelek- > beleg[mbelek] > [belek] > [beleg]✧ PE17/115
√mbelek > beleg[mbelek] > [belek] > [beleg]✧ PE17/115

Variations

  • Beleg ✧ S/209
Sindarin [PE17/115; RC/536; S/209; SA/beleg; WJI/Taur-i-Melegyrn] Group: Eldamo. Published by

iaun

adjective. large

adj. large, extensive, wide, vast, huge. Q. yāna-. >> -ion

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:42:99] < YAN vast, huge. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

daer

adjective. great

Sindarin [UT/450, WJ/187, WJ/335, VT/42:11] Group: SINDICT. Published by

beleg

great

beleg (mighty), lenited veleg, pl. belig

beleg

great

(mighty), lenited veleg, pl. belig

duin

large river

(i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin), coll. pl. duinath (Names:179, PM:54)

#dae

great

#dae (lenited nae, no distinct pl. form). Isolated from daedhelos "great fear". Note: Homophones mean "shadow, shade" and also "very, exceedingly".

dae

great

(lenited nae, no distinct pl. form). Isolated from daedhelos "great fear". Note: Homophones mean "shadow, shade" and also "very, exceedingly".

daer

large

daer (great), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

daer

large

(great), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

daer

great

daer (large), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

daer

great

(large), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

Khuzdûl

gabil Reconstructed

adjective. great

Element in

Primitive elvish

khaw

root. big

Changes

  • KHAW → KHAWA ✧ PE17/115

Derivatives

  • Q. haura “huge” ✧ PE17/115
  • Q. höa “big, large” ✧ PE17/115

Variations

  • KHAWA ✧ PE17/115; PE17/157
  • KHAW ✧ PE17/115 (KHAW)
Primitive elvish [PE17/115; PE17/157] Group: Eldamo. Published by

(m)belek-

adjective. large, great, big, large, great, big, [ᴹ✶] huge; mighty

Derivations

  • √MBELEK “mighty, powerful, strong; power as force or strength; great, large” ✧ PE17/115
    • √BEL “*strong, [ᴹ√] strong” ✧ PE17/115

Derivatives

  • Q. velca “large, great, big”
  • S. beleg “great, mighty; large, big, great, mighty; large, big, [ᴱN.] huge” ✧ PE17/115

Element in

Variations

  • mbelek- ✧ PE17/115 (mbelek-)
Primitive elvish [PE17/115] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

beleg

adjective. great, mighty

Noldorin [Ety/352, S/428] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Westron

tung

noun. big

Changes

  • tunga → tung ✧ PM/053

Variations

  • tunga ✧ PM/061 (tunga)
Westron [PM/053; PM/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

-on

suffix. great

Element in

  • ᴹQ. andon “great gate, great gate, [ᴱQ.] door, gate” ✧ Ety/AD

úra

adjective. large

Cognates

  • N. ûr “wide” ✧ Ety/UR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√UR “wide, large, great” ✧ Ety/UR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√UR > úra[ūra]✧ Ety/UR

Middle Primitive Elvish

daʒ

root. great

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶daʒrā “great, large” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ
    • N. daur “great, large” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ
  • ᴹQ. lai “very” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ
  • N. dae “very” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/DAƷ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

gwen(n)

adjective. big, large; fine

Derivations

  • ᴱ√GWENE “*large, wide” ✧ GL/45

Element in

  • G. Bladorwen “Wide Earth, Mother Earth”
  • G. -wen “*augmentative” ✧ GL/45

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√gwene- > gwen[gwen]✧ GL/45
ᴱ√gwene- > gwent[gʷent] > [gʷenθ] > [gʷent]✧ GL/45

Variations

  • gwen ✧ GL/45
  • gwent ✧ GL/45
  • gwenn ✧ GL/45

gwent

adjective. big, large; fine

ûmi

adjective. large

Cognates

Early Primitive Elvish

yn̄t

adjective. large

Derivations

  • ᴱ√YṆTṆ “*(en)large, increase” ✧ QL/106

Derivatives

  • Eq. yanta “large” ✧ QL/106
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/106] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

yanta

adjective. large

Cognates

  • G. gant “larger, greater, more, (lit.) increased”

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶yn̄t “large” ✧ QL/106
    • ᴱ√YṆTṆ “*(en)large, increase” ✧ QL/106

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶yn̄t > ’yanta[dʲṇ̄tā] > [dʲṇ̄ta] > [dʲanta] > [janta]✧ QL/106

Variations

  • yanta ✧ PE15/69 (yanta)
  • ’yanta ✧ QL/106
Early Quenya [PE15/69; QL/106] Group: Eldamo. Published by

úmea

adjective. large

Cognates

Element in

Variations

  • ūmea ✧ QL/097
Early Quenya [QL/097; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by