neldor

beech

neldor noun "beech" (LT2:343)

feren

beech, beech-tree

feren (stem fern-, as in pl. ferni) noun "beech, beech-tree". Also fernë. (BERÉTH, PHER/PHÉREN)

meren

feast, festival

meren (merend-), merendë noun "feast, festival" (MBER; Tolkien first gave the stem-form of meren as mern- before emending it to merend-, VT45:33-34)

merya

festive

merya adj. "festive" (MBER)

turinqui

queen

turinqui ("q") noun "queen" (LT1:260; apparently the fem. of tur. In Tolkien's later Quenya, "queen" is tári.)

tári

queen

tári noun "queen", used especially of Varda (TĀ/TA3, LT1:264), etymologically "she that is high" (SA:tar). Dative tárin in the Elaine inscription (VT49:40), genitive tário in Namárië. Elentári "Starqueen", a title of Varda. (Nam, RGEO:67). Tarinya "my queen" (UT:179; sic, not *tárinya). Táris or tárissë "queenship" (PE17:155)

tári

noun. queen, queen, [ᴱQ.] mistress, lady

Element in

• Q. Airë Tári “Holy Queen” ✧ PM/363
• Q. Elainen tárin Periandion ar meldenya anyáran “*to Elaine, queen of Hobbits and my very old friend” ✧ VT49/40
• Q. Elentári “Queen of the Stars, Star-queen” ✧ PE17/067; SA/tar
• Q. Kementári “Queen of the Earth” ✧ SA/tar
• Q. ómaryo airetári-lírinen “in the song of her voice, holy and queenly” ✧ LotR/0377; RGEO/58
• Q. ómaryo lírinen airetário “in [by means of] her voice’s song, of the holy-queen” ✧ RGEO/59
• Q. lírinen ómo i·aire tário “by the song of the voice of the holy queen” ✧ PE17/076
• Q. lírinen ómo i·aire táríva “by the song of the voice of the holy queen” ✧ PE17/076
• Q. tintilar lirinen ómaryo Airë-tário ✧ PM/364
• Q. táris(së) “queenship”

Variations

• Tári ✧ PM/363
• tā́ri ✧ RGEO/58

varni

queen

varni noun "queen" (LT1:273; rather tári in Tolkien's later Quenya)

rianna

noun. queen

Derivations

• √RIG “wreathe, twine, wind about; wreath, garland, crown”

bereth

noun. queen, spouse

bereth

noun. spouse

_n. _spouse, used of one who is queen as spouse of a king. Tolkien notes the parallel with the word queen "being in origin only an ancient word for wife or woman already in Old English reserved for the King's wife".

bereth

noun. feminine personalized form

_n. _feminine personalized form, probably = 'supreme, sublime, queen'. Q. *Varsi.

bereth

theology. a form of Elbereth seldom used

_theon._a form of _Elbereth _seldom used.

bereth

noun/adjective. queen, spouse; supreme, sublime

@@@ unclear why it was not beraith since it was derived from barathī; however Elaran deduced that Tolkien may have re-etymologized this word as a derivative of √BER “marry”, given its later gloss “spouse” in addition to “queen” (PE17/23; RGEO/66); in its original derivation it was probably because [[n|[ei] sometimes became [e] in unstressed final syllables]] in Noldorin

Derivations

• √BER “to mate, be mated, joined in marriage”
• ✶barathī “queen” ✧ PE17/023
  • √BARATH “height combined with strength/size/majesty” ✧ PE17/022
  • √BAR “[ᴹ√] raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)”

Element in

• S. Berúthiel “?Angry-queen”
• S. brethil “princess, (lit.) queen-daughter” ✧ PE17/023
• S. Elbereth “Queen of Stars, (lit.) Star-queen” ✧ PE17/023; RGEO/66

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶barathī(e) > bereth	[baratʰī] > [baratʰi] > [baraθi] > [bereθi] > [bereθ]	✧ PE17/023

mereth

noun. feast, festival

The word was changed to bereth in the Etymologies, but was never changed in the texts (cf. Mereth Aderthad and the compound Merethrond)

mereth

noun. feast, feast, [N.] festival

Derivations

• ᴹ√M(B)ER “*feast, festive”

Element in

• S. Mereth Aderthad “Feast of Reuniting” ✧ S/113; SA/mereth
• S. Merethrond “Great Hall of Feasts” ✧ SA/mereth

Elements

Word	Gloss
-th	“abstract noun”

Variations

• Mereth ✧ S/113

brethil

noun. beech, beech-tree, silver birch

neldor

noun. beech

A Sindarin word for “beech” appearing in the names Taur-na-Neldor “Beech-forest” (LotR/469; RC/384) and Neldoreth, the name of a forest with beeches (S/55; PE17/81).

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, Ilk. neldor was an Ilkorin word based on ᴹ√NÉL-ED “three”, which Tolkien said was “properly name of Hirilorn the great beech of Thingol with three trunks = neld-orn ? [question mark from Tolkien]” (Ety/NEL). In the 1910s and 20s, ᴱQ. neldor “beech” was an Early Qenya word (PE16/139; QL/65), and its cognates in this period were G. deldron “beech” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/30), G. deil(i)an or delwen “beech” in Gnomish Lexicon Slips (PE13/112), and ᴱN. {de(i)lian >>} deilian “beech-tree” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/142).

Possible Etymology: The Ilkorin derivation from √NELED is no longer suitable in Sindarin, since we would expect [[s|[d] > [ð]]] as in S. neledh “three”. It is possible Tolkien simply never reexamined the etymology of this word after it became Sindarin. Alternately, it could be nel- “tri-” + taur “forest” or -dor “-lord” or something similar.

Element in

• S. Neldoreth ✧ SA/neldor
• S. Taur-na-Neldor “Beech-forest” ✧ LotR/0469

Elements

Word	Gloss
nel-	“tri-”
orn	“(tall straight) tree”

rían

noun. queen, queen, *(lit.) crowned-lady

Element in

• S. Celebrían “Silver-queen” ✧ Let/423

rîs

noun. queen

bereth

queen

(i vereth) (spouse), pl. berith (i mberith)

bereth

spouse

(fem.) bereth (i vereth) (queen), pl. berith (i mberith)

bereth

spouse

(i vereth) (queen), pl. berith (i mberith)

mereth

festival

mereth (i vereth) (feast), pl. merith (i merith). Note: In the Etymologies, Tolkien changed the relevant root from _ to

mereth

festival

(i vereth) (feast), pl. merith (i merith). Note: In the Etymologies, Tolkien changed the relevant root from MER to MBER so that mereth became bereth, but names occurring in Tolkien’s narratives (Mereth Aderthad, Merethrond) were not changed, so this revision was never fully implemented.

mereth

feast

mereth (i vereth) (festival), pl. merith (i merith). Note: In the Etymologies, Tolkien changed the relevant root from _ to

mereth

feast

(i vereth) (festival), pl. merith (i merith). Note: In the Etymologies, Tolkien changed the relevant root from MER to MBER so that mereth became bereth, but names occurring in Tolkien’s narratives (Mereth Aderthad, Merethrond) were not changed, so this revision was never fully implemented.

fêr

beech

†fêr (stem feren-, pl. ferin) (mast);

fêr

beech

(stem feren-, pl. ferin) (mast);

meren

festive

meren (lenited veren; pl. merin) (gay, joyous). Note: In the Etymologies, Tolkien changed the relevant root from _ to

meren

festive

(lenited veren; pl. merin) (gay, joyous). Note: In the Etymologies, Tolkien changed the relevant root from MER to MBER so that meren became beren, but names occurring in Tolkien’s narratives (Mereth Aderthad, Merethrond) were not changed, so this revision was never fully implemented. (If meren were to become beren, the related word mereth ”feast” would also become bereth.)

meren

gay

meren (lenited veren; pl. merin) (festive, joyous). Note: In the Etymologies, Tolkien changed the relevant root from _ to

meren

gay

(lenited veren; pl. merin) (festive, joyous). Note: In the Etymologies, Tolkien changed the relevant root from MER to MBER so that meren became beren, but names occurring in Tolkien’s narratives (Mereth Aderthad, Merethrond) were not changed, so this revision was never fully implemented. (If meren were to become beren, the related word mereth ”feast” would also become bereth.)

meren

joyous

meren (lenited veren; pl. merin) (gay, festive). Note: In the Etymologies, Tolkien changed the relevant root from _ to

meren

joyous

(lenited veren; pl. merin) (gay, festive). Note: In the Etymologies, Tolkien changed the relevant root from MER to MBER so that meren became beren, but names occurring in Tolkien’s narratives (Mereth Aderthad, Merethrond) were not changed, so this revision was never fully implemented. (If meren were to become beren, the related word mereth ”feast” would also become bereth.)

neldor

beech tree

(pl. neldyr), also brethorn (i vrethorn), pl. brethyrn (i mrethyrn) (VT46:3). The mallorn or ”golden-tree” found in Lórien was supposedly beechlike: mallorn (i vallorn), pl. mellyrn (i mellyrn).

rían

queen

(”crown-gift”), pl. ríain (idh ríain)

ríen

queen

(crowned lady), pl. ?rîn (idh rîn). The adjective rîn ”crowned” may also be used as a noun ”crowned woman” =  ”queen”, but with no distinct pl. form except when article precedes (idh rîn again); coll. pl. ríniath. Note: a homophone means ”remembrance”.

rîs

queen

1) rîs, no distinct pl. except with article preceding (idh rîs); coll. pl. ?rissath; 2) rían (”crown-gift”), pl. ríain (idh ríain); 3) bereth (i vereth) (spouse), pl. berith (i mberith), 4) ríen (crowned lady), pl. ?rîn (idh rîn). The adjective rîn ”crowned” may also be used as a noun ”crowned woman” = ”queen”, but with no distinct pl. form except when article precedes (idh rîn again); coll. pl. ríniath. Note: a homophone means ”remembrance”.

rîs

noun. queen

rîs

queen

no distinct pl. except with article preceding (idh rîs); coll. pl. ?rissath

barathī

noun. queen

Derivations

• √BARATH “height combined with strength/size/majesty” ✧ PE17/022
  • √BAR “[ᴹ√] raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)”

Derivatives

• Q. Varsi ✧ PE17/023
• S. bereth “queen, spouse; supreme, sublime” ✧ PE17/023

Element in

• ✶elen-barathī “star-queen” ✧ MR/387; PE17/066

Variations

• barathi ✧ MR/387
• barathī(e) ✧ PE17/023
• mbarathī ✧ PE17/066

bereth

noun. queen, spouse

bereth

noun. queen

Derivations

• ᴹ√BARATH “*queen” ✧ Ety/BARATH
  • ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)” ✧ Ety/BARATH

Element in

• N. Berethil
• N. Elbereth “Queen of Stars, (lit.) Star Queen” ✧ Ety/BARATH; Ety/EL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√BARATH > bereth	[baratʰi] > [baraθi] > [bereθi] > [bereiθ] > [bereθ]	✧ Ety/BARATH

Variations

• bereth ✧ Ety/BARATH; Ety/EL

bereth

noun. feast, festival

Changes

• mereth → bereth “festive” ✧ Ety/MBER

Cognates

• ᴹQ. meren(de) “feast, festival” ✧ Ety/MBER

Derivations

• ᴹ√M(B)ER “*feast, festive” ✧ Ety/MBER; Ety/MBER

Element in

• N. Mereth Aderthad “Feast of (Games and) Reuniting” ✧ Ety/MBER

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√MBER > bereth	[mberette] > [mberettʰe] > [mbereθθe] > [bereθθe] > [bereθθ] > [bereθ]	✧ Ety/MBER
ᴹ√MER > mereth	[merette] > [merettʰe] > [mereθθe] > [mereθθ] > [mereθ]	✧ Ety/MBER

Variations

• bereth ✧ Ety/MBER
• mereth ✧ Ety/MBER (mereth)

mereth

noun. feast, festival

The word was changed to bereth in the Etymologies, but was never changed in the texts (cf. Mereth Aderthad and the compound Merethrond)

brethel

noun. beech, beech-tree, silver birch

brethel

noun. beech

brethil

noun. beech

Changes

• brethil → brethel ✧ Ety/NEL

Cognates

• ᴹT. bredele “beech-tree” ✧ Ety/BERÉTH

Derivations

• ᴹ√BERETH “beech” ✧ Ety/NEL; Ety/PHER

Element in

• N. Brethil ✧ Ety/NEL
• N. Brethilian(d) “Forest of Brethil” ✧ Ety/BERÉTH
• N. Nimbrethil

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√BERÉTH > brethel	[berétʰele] > [bretʰel] > [breθele] > [breθel]	✧ Ety/NEL
ᴹ√BERÉTH > brethil	[berétʰelī] > [bretʰelī] > [bretʰeli] > [breθeli] > [breθili] > [breθil]	✧ Ety/NEL

Variations

• brethel ✧ Ety/NEL

meren

adjective. festive, gay, joyous

The word was changed to beren in the Etymologies, but meren would be restored together with mereth

fêr

noun. beech-tree

rhîs

noun. queen

rhîs

noun. queen

Derivations

• ᴹ√RIG “*crown” ✧ Ety/RIG

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√RIG > rhîs	[rigisse] > [riɣisse] > [riɣiss] > [r̥iɣiss] > [r̥īss] > [r̥īs]	✧ Ety/RIG