arta

fort, fortress

arta (2) noun "fort, fortress" (GARAT under 3AR)

taras

noun. a great towering building (fort/city/castle), tower, great towering building (fort/city/castle), tower; [ᴹQ.] mount, hill

Element in

• Q. Taras Lúna “*Dark Tower” ✧ PE17/022

Elements

Word	Gloss
tára	“lofty, tall, high”

tára

lofty

tára (1) adj. "lofty". (SA:tar, LT1:264, TĀ/TA3 (AYAK, TÁWAR), VT45:6), "tall, high" (WJ:417). Compare antara. Adverb táro in an early "Qenya" text (VT27:20, 26). The adj. tára is not to be confused with the continuative form of the verb #tar- "stand".

tarminas

tower

tarminas noun "tower" etc. (Sindarin barad); see taras (PE17:22)

marto

tower

marto (1) noun "tower" (PE17:66)

marto

noun. tower

Cognates

• S. barad “tower, great towering building, tower, great towering building, [N.] fort, fortress” ✧ NM/228; PE17/066

Derivations

• √M(B)ARAT “doom, fate” ✧ NM/228
  • √MBAR “settle, dwell; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision, settle; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision; dwell, [ᴹ√] inhabit, [ᴱ√] live”
• √BARAT “lofty, high, height combined with strength/size/majesty” ✧ PE17/066
  • √BAR “[ᴹ√] raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√BAR-AT > marto	[mbarto] > [marto]	✧ PE17/066

turma

tower

[turma] (2) noun "tower". Tolkien changed this word to turco (#2), q.v. (PE17:22)

ostirion

fort

ostirion noun "fort" (TI:423)

turco

tower

turco ("k") (2) noun "tower". In Lúnaturco, Quenya name of Barad-dûr (Dark Tower). Tolkien changed the word turco from turma (PE17:22).

minassë

fort, city, with a citadel and central watch-tower

minassë noun "fort, city, with a citadel and central watch-tower" (VT42:24)

barad

noun. tower, fortress

barad

tower

1b n. tower.

barad

tower

1c n. tower. Q. marto.

barad

noun. a great towering building

_ n. _a great towering building (fort, city, castle), tower. Q. taras, tarminas.   >> Barad-dûr

barad

noun. tower, great towering building, tower, great towering building, [N.] fort, fortress

Cognates

• Q. marto “tower” ✧ NM/228; PE17/066

Derivations

• √M(B)ARAT “doom, fate” ✧ NM/228
  • √MBAR “settle, dwell; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision, settle; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision; dwell, [ᴹ√] inhabit, [ᴱ√] live”
• √BARAT “lofty, high, height combined with strength/size/majesty” ✧ PE17/022; PE17/065; PE17/066
  • √BAR “[ᴹ√] raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)”

Element in

• S. Barad-dûr “Dark Tower” ✧ PE17/022; PE17/085; RC/274; SA/barad
• S. Barad Eithel “Tower of the Well” ✧ SA/barad
• S. Barad Nimras “White Horn Tower” ✧ SA/barad
• S. Emyn Beraid “Tower Hills” ✧ LotR/1097; SA/barad
• S. Gilbarad
• S. Halbarad

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√BARAT > barad	[barata] > [barat] > [barad]	✧ PE17/022
√BARAT > barad	[barata] > [barat] > [barad]	✧ PE17/065
√BAR-AT > barad	[barata] > [barat] > [barad]	✧ PE17/066

raud

lofty

adj. lofty. Q. rāta. >> arod, taer

taer

lofty

adj. lofty. Q. tāra.

taer

adjective. lofty, lofty, *high

Cognates

• Q. tára “lofty, tall, high” ✧ PE17/186; PE17/186

Derivations

• √TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble” ✧ PE17/186
• ✶tagra ✧ PE17/186
  • √TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble” ✧ PE17/186

Element in

• S. Targon

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶tagra > taer	[taɣra] > [tagra] > [taɣra] > [taira] > [tair] > [taer]	✧ PE17/186

minas

noun. tower

minas

noun. fort, city with a citadel and central watch-tower

barad

tower

1) barad (fortress, fort) (i varad), pl. beraid (i meraid). Note: barad is also an adjective "doomed", but this is derived from a stem in mb- and would have different mutations. 2) (tower or city with citadel/central watchtower) minas (i vinas), pl. minais (i minais), coll. pl. minassath

barad

tower

(fortress, fort) (i varad), pl. beraid (i meraid). Note: barad is also an adjective "doomed", but this is derived from a stem in mb- and would have different mutations.

barad

doomed

barad (lenited marad), pl. beraid. Note: barad is also a noun "fortress, fort, tower", but this is derived from a stem in b- and would have different mutations. 1) fend (threshold), construct fen, pl. find, coll. pl. fennath, 2) fennas (gateway), pl. fennais, coll. pl. fennassath, 3) annon (great gate), pl. ennyn

barad

doomed

(lenited marad), pl. beraid. Note: barad is also a noun "fortress, fort, tower", but this is derived from a stem in b- and would have different mutations.

barad

fort, fortress

(fortress, tower) (i varad), pl. beraid (i meraid). Note: barad is also an adjective "doomed", but this is derived from a stem in mb- and would have different mutations.

brand

lofty

(high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind

arth

lofty

1) arth (noble, exalted), pl. erth, 2) brand (high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind, 3) orchall (superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail), 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

arth

lofty

(noble, exalted), pl. erth

taur

lofty

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

garth

fort, fortress

1) garth (i **arth) (stronghold), pl. gerth (i ngerth = i ñerth), 2) ost (city, stronghold), pl. yst (WJ:414). The word may appear as os- or oth- before certain consonants in compounds, e.g. Osgiliath ”Citadel (Fortress) of the Stars” (LotR), ostirion (q.v.), Othram ”fortress-wall” (WR:288). 3) barad (fortress, tower) (i varad), pl. beraid (i meraid). Note: barad** is also an adjective "doomed", but this is derived from a stem in mb- and would have different mutations.

garth

fort, fortress

(i ’arth) (stronghold), pl. gerth (i ngerth = i ñerth)

orchall

lofty

(superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)

ost

fort, fortress

(city, stronghold), pl. yst (WJ:414). The word may appear as os- or oth- before certain consonants in compounds, e.g. Osgiliath ”Citadel (Fortress) of the Stars” (LotR), ostirion (q.v.), Othram ”fortress-wall” (WR:288).

minas

tower

(i vinas), pl. minais (i minais), coll. pl. minassath

ostirion

fortress with a watchtower

(pl. ostiryn).

barad

root. lofty, high, height combined with strength/size/majesty

Derivations

• √BAR “[ᴹ√] raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)”

Derivatives

• ✶Baradā “Varda” ✧ PE17/022
  • Ad. Avradî “*Varda”
  • Q. Varda “Exalted, Lofty, Sublime” ✧ PE17/022
• Q. varanda “sublime” ✧ PE17/022
• Q. Varda “Exalted, Lofty, Sublime” ✧ PE17/022
• ᴺS. bardha- “to rule, reign”

Variations

• [BAR-]AD ✧ PE17/066
• BAR-AD ✧ PE17/150

barat

root. lofty, high, height combined with strength/size/majesty

Derivations

• √BAR “[ᴹ√] raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)”

Derivatives

• Q. marto “tower” ✧ PE17/066
• S. barad “tower, great towering building, tower, great towering building, [N.] fort, fortress” ✧ PE17/022; PE17/065; PE17/066
• S. brand “towering; tall and massive, towering, tall and massive, [N.] high; lofty, noble, fine” ✧ PE17/022
• S. brand “steeple” ✧ PE17/022

Variations

• BAR-AT ✧ PE17/066; PE17/150

barad

noun. tower, fortress

barad

adjective. doomed

barad

noun. fort, tower, fortress

Derivations

• ᴹ√BARAT “*tower” ✧ Ety/BARAT
  • ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)”

Element in

• N. Barad-dûr “Dark Tower”
• N. Bered Ondrath “*Towers of the Stone Road” ✧ WR/340
• N. Tol Varad “Defended Isle” ✧ WR/326
• N. Barad Amroth “Castle Amroth”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√BARAT > barad	[barata] > [barat] > [barad]	✧ Ety/BARAT

Variations

• barad ✧ Ety/BARAT; EtyAC/BARAT

barad

adjective. doomed, *fated

Cognates

• ᴹQ. marta “fated, fey; fate” ✧ Ety/MBARAT

Derivations

• ᴹ√MBARAT “fate” ✧ Ety/MBARAT

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√MBARAT > barad	[mbarata] > [barata] > [barat] > [barad]	✧ Ety/MBARAT

Variations

• barad ✧ Ety/MBARAT

brand

adjective. lofty, noble, fine

brand

adjective. high (in size)

brann

adjective. lofty, noble, fine

brann

adjective. high (in size)

garth

noun. fort, fortress

garth

noun. fort, fortress

Cognates

• ᴹQ. arta “fort, fortress” ✧ Ety/ƷAR|GARAT

Derivations

• ᴹ√GARAT “*defend” ✧ Ety/ƷAR|GARAT; EtyAC/GAR
  • ᴹ√GAR “keep, hold, possess; maintain, defend” ✧ Ety/ƷAR; EtyAC/GAR
• ᴹ√GAR “keep, hold, possess; maintain, defend” ✧ Ety/GAR

Element in

• N. Garthoren “Fenced Fort” ✧ Ety/ƷAR|GARAT; EtyAC/GAR (Gardol); EtyAC/GAR (Garth(th)óren); EtyAC/GAR (Garth(th)oren/Garthorn)

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√GARAT > garth	[garta] > [gartʰa] > [garθa] > [garθ]	✧ Ety/ƷAR	GARAT

minnas

noun. tower

minnas

noun. tower

Cognates

• ᴹQ. mindon “(isolated) tower” ✧ Ety/MINI

Derivations

• ᴹ√MIN “stand alone, stick out” ✧ Ety/MINI

Element in

• N. Minas Anor “Tower of the Sun”
• N. Minas Ithil “Tower of the Moon”
• N. Minas Morgol “Tower of Sorcery”
• N. Minnastirith “Watchtower”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√MINI > minnas	[mindasse] > [mindass] > [minnass] > [minnas]	✧ Ety/MINI

tirion

noun. tower

Cognates

• ᴹQ. tirion “watch-tower, tower”

Element in

• N. Luindirien “Blue Towers” ✧ Ety/LUG²

minnas

noun. fort, city with a citadel and central watch-tower