Malcaraucë

balrog

Malcaraucë noun "balrog", also Valkaraucë _("k")_(LT1:250; in Tolkien's later Quenya Valarauco)

Valcaraucë

balrog

Valcaraucë ("k") noun "balrog", also Malcaraucë (LT1:250; in Tolkien's later Quenya valarauco)

malarauco

balrog, demon

malarauco noun "balrog, demon" (RUK - rather valarauco in Tolkien's later Quenya)

valarauko

proper name. Demon of Might

Quenya name for a Balrog, a combination of some derivative of the root √BAL “power” with rauco “demon” (SA/rauko, val; PE17/48). It also appeared as Valarauka (PE17/48).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s, their name was either ᴱQ. Valkarauke “✱Cruel Demon” or ᴱQ. Malkarauke “✱Torment Demon” (QL/58, 60, 101-2). In The Etymologies from the 1930s, the second form reappeared as ᴹQ. Malarauko of similar meaning (Ety/RUK), but in this conceptual period it seems to be a loan word from either Noldorin or Orcish (LR/404). The forms Valarauka or Valarauko emerged in Tolkien’s later writing (PE17/48, WJ/415).

Cognates

• S. Balrog “Demon of Might” ✧ PE17/048; PE17/048; SI/Balrog; SI/Valaraukar; S/031; WJ/415; WJI/Valarauko

Elements

Word	Gloss
BAL	“power; powerful, mighty; have power”
rauco	“demon, powerful hostile and terrible creature”

Variations

• Valarauka ✧ PE17/048

arauco

noun. demon

rauca

demon

rauca ("k")noun "demon" (PE17:48). Variant of rauco, q.v.

rauca

noun. demon

Element in

• ᴺQ. raucëa “demonic”

balrog

demon

n. (mighty) demon. A word made in ancient S. for the spirits (of 'māyan' origin) corrupted to his service by Melkor in the days outside Arda, before the coming of the Elves and the assault uopon Utumno. Q. pl1. Valaraucar. In a draft, Tolkien presented the Balrogs as of "Valar or Maian origin" (PE17:48). >> raug

balrog

noun. demon of power

bal- (stem “cruel” [Etym. ÑGWAL-]) + raug (“powerful and hostile creature, demon”)

balrog

proper name. Demon of Might

The great fire demons of Melkor, a combination of the root √BAL “power” with raug “demon” (SA/rauko, val; PE17/48).

Conceptual Development: The name G. Balrog appeared in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/93) and always kept this form in Tolkien’s writings, but its meaning and etymology evolved over time: G. “a kind of fire demon” (GL/21), ᴱN. “evil demon” (PE13/138), N. “✱Torment Demon” (Ety/ÑGWAL, RUK), an untranslated orc word (LR/404) and finally S. “Mighty Demon” (PE17/48).

Cognates

• Q. Valarauko “Demon of Might” ✧ PE17/048; PE17/048; SI/Balrog; SI/Valaraukar; S/031; WJ/415; WJI/Valarauko

raug

demon

n. demon. Q. rauca. >> Balrog

balrog

fire-demon

(i valrog), pl. balroeg (i malroeg). Coll. pl. balrogath is attested. Archaic form ✱balraug. (MR:79, WJ:415). The etymological meaning is rather ”power-demon”.

balrog

fire-demon

balrog (i valrog), pl. balroeg (i malroeg). Coll. pl. balrogath is attested. Archaic form *balraug. (MR:79, WJ:415). The etymological meaning is rather ”power-demon”.

balrog

fire-demon

balrog (i valrog), pl. balroeg (i malroeg), coll. pl. balrogath (MR:79). Archaic form *balraug.

raug

demon

raug (-rog in compounds, as in Balrog), pl. roeg (idh roeg), coll. pl. #rogath (isolated from Balrogath, MR:79). Also used = ”powerful, hostile, and terrible creature”.

raug

demon

(-rog in compounds, as in Balrog), pl. roeg (idh roeg), coll. pl. #rogath (isolated from Balrogath, MR:79). Also used = ”powerful, hostile, and terrible creature”.

raukō

noun. demon

Derivations

• √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389

Variations

• rauku/raukō ✧ WJ/390

balrog

proper name. *Torment Demon

Cognates

• ᴹQ. Malarauko “Balrog” ✧ Ety/RUK; LRI/Balrog

Derivations

• ᴹ✶ñgwalaraukō ✧ Ety/RUK

Elements

Word	Gloss
baul	“torment”
rhaug	“demon”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶ñgwalaraukō > Balrog	[ŋgwalaraukō] > [mbalaraukō] > [mbalarauko] > [balarauko] > [balarauk] > [balaraug] > [balraug] > [balrog]	✧ Ety/RUK

Variations

• Balrog/Bolrog ✧ Ety/ÑGWAL

rhaug

noun. demon

Cognates

• ᴹQ. rauko “demon” ✧ Ety/RUK

Derivations

• ᴹ√RUK “demon” ✧ Ety/GOS; Ety/RUK

Element in

• N. Balrog “*Torment Demon” ✧ Ety/RUK
• N. Gothrog “Dread Demon” ✧ Ety/GOS

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√RUK > rhaug	[rauko] > [rǭko] > [rouko] > [rauko] > [rauk] > [r̥auk] > [r̥aug]	✧ Ety/RUK