ailin

g.sg. ailinen

ailin ("g.sg. ailinen", in Tolkien's later Quenya dat.sg.) "pool, lake" (AY, LIN1, LT2:339). Fem. name Ailinel (likely Ailinell-), perhaps ailin + the feminine ending -el (as in aranel "princess"), hence "Lake-woman" or similar (UT:210).

ailin

noun. a large lake, (large) lake, [ᴹQ.] pool

A noun for a large lake or pool, a combination of the ancient roots √AY “sea” and √LIN “pool” (PE17/160; Ety/AY, LIN¹). It is an element in several names such as Q. Angalailin “Mirrormere” (NM/353) and Q. Luvailin “Shadowmere” (RC/217).

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s where it appeared as ᴱQ. ailin “lake”; its root was marked “?”, but Tolkien indicated its stem form was also ailin- (QL/29). This word was also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/29) as well as the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, along with a variant ᴱQ. ailo (ailu-) of the same basic meaning (GL/17). ᴱQ. ailin “lake” was mentioned again in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/138), though in one place its stem form was given as ailind- (PE13/158).

ᴹQ. ailin “pool, lake” reappeared in The Etymologies, already with the etymology given above, along with its genitive singular form ailinen (Ety/AY, LIN¹). It was mentioned again in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957, again as a combination of √LĬNĬ “pool, mere, lake” and √AYA(R) “sea”, and as such specifically referred to “a large lake” (PE17/160). In this note Tolkien gave variant forms ilin and ailinn for the root √LĬNĬ, the latter possibly an alternate explanation for ailin “lake”.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I prefer √GAY(AR) as the basis for “sea” words. As such, I think augmented ilin/ailin(n) mentioned in QN is the best basis for Q. ailin and S. ael “lake”.

Cognates

• S. ael “lake, pool”

Element in

• Q. Ailinel
• Q. Angalailin “Mirrormere”
• Q. Luvailin “Shadowmere”

ailinë

shore, beach

#ailinë (nominative uncertain) noun "shore, beach" (in Tolkien's later Quenya rather hresta). Only attested in inflected forms: sg. ablative ailinello "shore-from" (MC:213), sg. locative ailinisse "on shore" (MC:221), pl. locative ailissen "on beaches" (for *ailinissen?) (MC:221)

ailo

lake, pool

ailo noun "lake, pool" (LT2:339; Tolkien's later Quenya has ailin)

linya

pool

linya noun "pool" (LIN1)

falas

shore, beach

falas (falass-), falassë noun "shore, beach" (LT1:253, LT2:339); falassë "shore, line of surf" (SA:falas), "shore especially one exposed to great waves and breakers" (VT42:15), "beach" (PHAL/PHÁLAS); Falassë Númëa place-name "Western Surf" (LT1:253), Andafalassë "Langstrand" (PE17:135)

lóna

pool, mere

lóna (1) noun "pool, mere" (VT42:10). Variant of lón, lónë above?

nendë

pool

nendë (1) noun "pool" (NEN), "lake" (PE17:52)

nendë

noun. lake, lake, [ᴹQ.] pool

A word for “lake” (PE17/52) or “pool” (Ety/NEN), derived from the root √NEN “water”.

Conceptual Development: This word appeared in both The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/NEN) and notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/37) with the same basic meaning and derivation.

Derivations

• √NEN “water, water, [ᴱ√] flow” ✧ PE17/052

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√NEN > nende	[nende]	✧ PE17/052

Variations

• nende ✧ PE17/052

hresta

shore, beach

hresta noun "shore, beach", ablative hrestallo *"from (the) shore" in Markirya

ailin

ailin

In the Etymologies, ailin is conceived as deriving from Primitive Quendian ai-lin-, derived from root AY. In a later conception, the word is said to have "originally contained √AYA(R) + lin" (cf. LINI).

ailin

noun. a large lake

_ n. _a large lake.

aelin

noun. lake, pool

lîn

noun. pool

ael

noun. lake, pool, mere

ael

noun. lake, pool

A noun for “lake, pool”, appearing as an element in Aeluin “✱Blue Lake” and Aelin-uial “Meres of Twilight” (S/114, 122). The latter name has its plural form aelin = “meres, ✱pools, lakes”.

Conceptual Development: This word had a long history as a cognate to Q. ailin; although the Quenya form was quite stable, the Gnomish/Noldorin/Sindarin forms went through a number of changes. The earliest iterations of this word appeared in in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as G. ail “a lake, pool” or G. ailion “lake” (GL/17). In the Gnomish Lexicon Slips the latter became {ailin >>} eilin “pool” (PE13/113). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s Tolkien had ᴱN. ailin “lake” with plural form ailiniath from Old Noldorin oilin (PE13/136, 158).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien had N. oel “pool, lake” derived from primitive ᴹ✶ailin, a combination of the root ᴹ√AY and ᴹ√LIN (Ety/AY, LIN¹). In that document, its plural form was oelin (Ety/AY), where the plural preserved the final n that was lost in the singular. In The Etymologies it was an element of N. Oelinuial “Pools of Twilight” (Ety/AY), but in the contemporaneous narratives this name was Aelin-uial (LR/262), as it was in later Sindarin (S/114, 122). This reflects Tolkien’s vacillation on the development of the diphthong ai in Noldorin.

In The Silmarillion appendix Christopher Tolkien implied the regular Sindarin form of this word was aelin (SA/aelin), but more likely this was the plural form in Sindarin, as oelin was the plural in Noldorin.

Cognates

• Q. ailin “a large lake, (large) lake, [ᴹQ.] pool”

Element in

• S. Aelin-uial “Meres of Twilight” ✧ SA/aelin
• S. Aeluin “*Blue Lake” ✧ S/162

Elements

Word	Gloss
AY(AR)	“sea”
LIN	“pool, mere, lake”

Variations

• aelin ✧ SA/lin¹

falathren

noun/adjective. of the shore

falathren

noun/adjective. Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech)

rim

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

lô

noun. shallow lake, fenland

loeg

noun. pool

loeg

noun. pool

lîn

pool

lîn (lake), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #**liniath (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194). 3)

lîn

pool

(lake), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #*liniath*** (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194). 3)

lîn

lake

1) lîn (pool), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #liniath (isolated from Hithliniath, WJ:194). 2) ael (aelin-, pl. aelin) (pool, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin. 3) nên (water, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn**. **

lîn

lake

(pool), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. #*liniath*** (isolated from Hithliniath**, WJ:194).

ael

pool

1) ael (aelin-, pl. aelin) (lake, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin. 2)

ael

pool

(aelin-, pl. aelin) (lake, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin.

ael

lake

(aelin-, pl. aelin) (pool, mere). In ”Noldorin” oel, pl. oelin.

falathren

of the shore

(pl. felethrin)

falas

shore, foaming shore

(pl. felais) (beach, coast, strand, line of surf; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand) (VT42:15). Adj.

both

small pool

(i moth, construct both) (puddle), pl. byth (i mbyth). David Salo would lengthen the vowel and read ✱bôth in Sindarin.

rim

cold pool or lake

; no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”crowd, great number, host”.

lô

shallow lake

(fenland), pl. lŷ.

faur

shore

(beach), pl. foer, coll. pl. forath (VT46:15)

loeg

pool

loeg (no distinct pl. form: loeg is also atttested with plural meaning) (VT45:29). 4) nên (water, lake, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.

loeg

pool

(no distinct pl. form: loeg is also atttested with plural meaning) (VT45:29). 4) nên (water, lake, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.

nên

lake

(water, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.

habad

shore

(i chabad, o chabad), pl. hebaid (i chebaid). Archaic pl. hebeid (LR:386).

rhast

shore

(?i thrast or ?i rast – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhaist (?idh raist).

loeg

noun. pool

@@@ as suggested by Lokyt, possibly a plural form of unattested log, since it is glossed in the plural in the source material: “pools”

Derivations

• √LOG “wet (and soft), soaked, swampy”

Element in

• Nan. Loeg Ningloron “Gladden Fields, (lit.) Pools of the Golden Water-flowers”

sakal Reconstructed

noun. shore

This word is attested only in Sakalthôr, whose Quenya name is Falassion (UT/223). The first element of the Quenya name seems to be falassë “shore”, so the first element of his Adûnaic name probably has the same meaning, as suggested by several authors (AAD/22, AL/Adûnaic, EotAL/SAK’L).

Element in

• Ad. Sakalthôr “?Shore-son”

zâram

noun. pool, lake

Element in

• Kh. Kheled-zâram “Mirrormere” ✧ PE17/037; RS/466
• Kh. Narag-zâram “*Black Lake” ✧ PE17/037; RS/466

lhîn

noun. pool

lhîn

noun. pool

Cognates

• ᴹQ. linya “pool” ✧ Ety/LIN¹

Derivations

• ᴹ√LIN “pool” ✧ Ety/KHIS; Ety/LIN¹

Element in

• N. Hithliniath “Pools of Mist” ✧ Ety/KHIS
• N. Orodlin

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√LIN¹ > lhîn	[linje] > [linie] > [lini] > [lin] > [l̥in] > [l̥īn]	✧ Ety/LIN¹

liniath

noun. pools

falathren

noun/adjective. of the shore

falathren

noun/adjective. Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech)

oel

noun. lake, pool, mere

oel

noun. pool, lake

Cognates

• ᴹQ. ailin “pool, lake” ✧ Ety/AY

Derivations

• ᴹ✶ailin “pool, lake” ✧ Ety/AY

Element in

• N. Oelinuial “Pools of Twilight” ✧ Ety/AY
• N. Elivorn “Lake-Black”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶ai-lin- > oel	[ailin] > [aili] > [ail] > [oel]	✧ Ety/AY

rhim

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)

esgar

noun. shore

rhimb

noun. cold pool or lake (in mountains)