andavë adv. "long, at great length" (PE17:102); see anda
Quenya
anda
long
andavë
long, at great length
sóra
long, trailing
sóra adj. "long, trailing" (LT2:344)
ando
long
ando (2) adv. "long"; maybe replaced by andavë; see anda (VT14:5)
Sindarin
anfangrim
noun. the Longbeards (a tribe of Dwarves)
anfangrim
noun. long bearded dwarves
and (“long”) + fang (“beard”) + rim (collective plural suffix)
anfang
proper name. Longbeard
The Dwarvish tribe of northwestern Middle-earth, also known as Durin’s Folk (PM/321). The name translates as “Longbeard”, a compound of and “long” and fang “beard” (PM/321). The name also appears in its plural form Enfeng and its class-plural Anfangrim (PM/321, WJ/10).
Conceptual Development: In the Lost Tales and the earliest Silmarillion drafts this tribe was called the G. Indrafang (LT2/68, SM/104). In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, the variant form G. Surfang or Fangsur also appeared (GL/68). The name was later changed to N. Enfeng (plural) in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/274), and the singular form N. An(d)fang appeared in The Etymologies (Ety/ÁNAD, SPÁNAG).
The name S. Enfeng appeared in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/10, 75), but did not appear in the published version of The Silmarillion. The name was referenced in some notes to Tolkien’s essay “Of Dwarves and Men”, composed around 1969, along with Khuzdul and Quenya translations (PM/321).
Cognates
- Q. Andafangar “Longbeards” ✧ PM/321
Elements
Word Gloss and “long” fang “beard, beard, [G.] long beard”
anann
adverb. long, for a long time
anann
adverb. long
adv. long. Cuio i Pheriain anann 'May the Halflings live long'.
falathrim
noun. people of the Falas
ann
adjective. long
adj. long. Rare except in old names (e.g. Anduin). >> and
ann
adjective. long
lammas
noun. account of tongues
dagorath
noun. all the battles
noro
verb. run! ride!
Untranslated in LotR, but written nora-lim and rendered as "ride on" in RS/196 (not a literal translation) and later translated as "run swift" in RC/195. A verb nor- is attested in the old Gnomish lexicon, PE/11:61, with the meaning "to run, roll"
and
adjective. long
and
adjective. long
adj. long. i·arben na megil and 'The Knight of the Long Sword'. >> ann
and
adjective. long
Cognates
- Q. anda “long, far” ✧ PE17/040; PE17/090
Derivations
Element in
- S. Anach “?Long Neck”
- S. anann “(for) long”
- S. andaith “long-mark”
- S. Andram “Long Wall” ✧ SA/an(d)
- S. Andras “Long Cape”
- S. Andrast “Long Cape”
- S. Angast “Long Cape” ✧ VT42/28
- S. Andrath “Long Climb”
- S. andreth “long-suffering, patience”
- S. Androth “*Long Cave”
- S. Anduin “Great River, (lit.) Long River” ✧ PE17/012; PE17/040; RC/765; SA/an(d)
- S. Anfalas “Langstrand, (lit.) Long Beach” ✧ SA/an(d)
- S. Anfang “Longbeard”
- S. angerthas “runic alphabetic, (lit.) long rune-rows” ✧ SA/an(d)
- ᴺS. annas “length”
- S. Ann-thennath “*Long-shorts”
- S. Cair Andros “Ship of Long Foam” ✧ SA/an(d)
- S. i arben na megil and “Knight of the Long Sword” ✧ PE17/147
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶andā > ann- [andā] > [anda] > [and] > [ann] ✧ PE17/090 Variations
- ann ✧ PE17/012; PE17/040; PE17/121
- ann- ✧ PE17/090
- an(d) ✧ SA/an(d)
- an(n)- ✧ VT42/28
rochirrim
noun. horse-lords, the people of Rohan
avon
verb. I won't
anglennatha
verb. (he) will approach
lâf
verb. (he) licks
ónen
noun. I gave
Written onen in some editions of LotR. In the Qenyaqetsa, Qenya anta- is marked as having an irregular past tense áne. Assuming the same sound-shifts as observed in other words, this would indeed lead to onen in Sindarin, see PE/12:31 and TT/14:48-49
rammas
noun. (great) wall
drúwaith
noun. the wilderness of the Drû-men (q.v.)
Lossoth
noun. the Snowmen
lôd
verb. (he) floats
avo
verb. don't!
Used as a negative adverb before an imperative: avo garo "don't do it!". Sometimes used as prefix: avgaro
cuio
verb. live!
galadhad
noun. the Two Trees of Valinor
pêd
verb. (he) says
tôl
verb. (he) comes
According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien
anfang
longbeard
pl. Enfeng, coll. pl. Anfangrim (WJ:10, 108, 205)
anfang
longbeard
(a member of a certain tribe of Dwarves) Anfang, pl. Enfeng, coll. pl. Anfangrim (WJ:10, 108, 205)
anann
long
(adverb, = "for a long time") anann
anann
long
andaith
long mark
(no distinct pl. form). The word refers to an accent-like mark used to indicate long vowels in Tengwar modes that employ separate vowel letters, like the Mode of Beleriand.
angerthas
long rune-row
(and + certhas).
ennin
long year
. No distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. enniniath.
annabon
long-snouted one
pl. ennebyn, coll. pl. annabonnath. (Archaic form andabon.)
and
long
(adjective) and (pl. aind),
and
long
(pl. aind)
taen
thin
(lenited daen, no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”height, summit of high mountain”.
brûn
long endured/established/in use
(old), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin;
Telerin
anda
adjective. long
Element in
- T. andané “long ago, once upon a time” ✧ VT49/31
Khuzdûl
sigin Reconstructed
adjective. long
Element in
- Kh. Sigin-tarâg “Longbeards”
Primitive elvish
ʒandā
adjective. long
Derivations
- √ƷAN “adorn; extend; long” ✧ PE17/155; VT47/27
Noldorin
an(d)fang
proper name. Longbeard
Elements
Word Gloss ann “long” fang “beard” Variations
- Andfang/Anfang ✧ Ety/ÁNAD
anann
adverb. long
Element in
- N. aglar anann “*glory for long” ✧ SD/046
- N. cuio i Pheriain anann “long live the halflings” ✧ SD/046
Elements
Word Gloss an “of” ann “long”
ann
adjective. long
ann
adjective. long
Cognates
- ᴹQ. anda “long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶andā > and > ann [andā] > [anda] > [and] > [ann] ✧ Ety/ÁNAD ᴹ✶anda > anna- [anda-] > [anna-] ✧ Ety/MBUD
lhammas
noun. account of tongues
taen
adjective. long (and thin)
osgar
verb. (he) cuts, amputates
blâb
verb. (he) flaps, beats
The Etymologies seem to list this word as a noun, but it is clearly the third person singular of the verb
lhâf
verb. (he) licks
tôg
verb. (he) leads, brings
lhôd
verb. (he) floats
sôg
verb. (he) drinks
thia
verb. it appears
síla
verb. (he) shines white
orthor
verb. (he) masters, conquers
tôl
verb. (he) comes
According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
Qenya
anda
adjective. long
Cognates
- N. ann “long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶andā > anda [andā] > [anda] ✧ Ety/ÁNAD
ando
adverb. long
Element in
- ᴹQ. Eldar ando kakainen loralyar Koivienenissen “the Elves were long lying asleep at Koivienéni” ✧ VT27/07
Variations
- ando ✧ VT27/07
Old Noldorin
anda
noun. long
Derivatives
- N. ann “long”
Element in
- On. andatektha “long-mark” ✧ Ety/TEK
Middle Primitive Elvish
andā
adjective. long
Derivations
- ᴹ√ANAD “*long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD; Ety/MBUD
Derivatives
Element in
- ᴹ✶andambundā “long-snouted” ✧ Ety/MBUD
Variations
- anda ✧ Ety/MBUD (anda)
tainā
adjective. long
Derivations
- ᴹ√TAY “extend, make long(er), stretch” ✧ PE18/057
Derivatives
- ᴹQ. taina “lengthened, extended, prolonged”
Variations
- taı̯nā ✧ PE18/057
Gnomish
indrafang
proper name. longbeard
Changes
indravang→ in(d)rafang ✧ GL/51- Indravang → Indrafang ✧ LT2/068
- indravang → in(d)rafang ✧ LT2A/Indrafang
Variations
- in(d)rafang ✧ GL/51; LT2A/Indrafang
- indravang ✧ GL/51 (
indravang); LT2A/Indrafang- inrafang ✧ GL/68; LT2A/Indrafang
- Indravang ✧ LT2/068
Early Primitive Elvish
lene
root. long
A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as ᴱ√LENE “long”, with the added explanation that it “developed in opp. directions of slow, tedious, trailing, etc. and — stretch, thin, etc.”. Tolkien originally put the word ᴱQ. lenka “slow, left” under this root, but seems to have transfered this word to ᴱ√LEKE, perhaps at the same time he elaborated on the meaning of ᴱ√LENE “long”. Its remaining derivatives include ᴱQ. lenwa “long and thin, straight, narrow” and ᴱQ. lenu- “stretch”.
There are a number of words in the Gnomish Lexicon that seem to be derived from this root, including G. len “wherewith, far, long, away” and G. lenwi “length, distance”, but these were rejected, and Tolkien replaced them with G. lenc “far, distant” derived from ᴱ√leŋe (which was followed by other similar Gnomish derivatives), possibly representing a conceptual shift in this root (GL/53). In any case, there are no clear signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing, unless perhaps it remanifested as ᴹ√LEN “way, (?road)” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (EtyAC/LEN).
Derivatives
- Eq. lenka “slow, dull, stiff; left (hand)” ✧ LT2A/Glend; QL/053
- Eq. -léni “long” ✧ QL/053
- Eq. lenu- “to stretch” ✧ LT2A/Glend; QL/053
- Eq. lenwa “long and thin, straight, narrow” ✧ LT2A/Glend; QL/053
- G. glen(n) “thin, fine, slender” ✧ LT2A/Glend
- G.
lenu-“to stretch, extend in length, trail” ✧ GL/53- G.
len“wherewith, far, long, away” ✧ GL/53- G. lenc “far, distant” ✧ GL/53
- G. glenweth “thinness” ✧ LT2A/Glend
Variations
- leŋe ✧ GL/53
- LENE ✧ LT2A/Glend; QL/053
Early Quenya
anda
adjective. long
andra
adjective. long
-léni
suffix. long
Cognates
- G. glen(n) “thin, fine, slender” ✧ GL/39
Derivations
- ᴱ√LENE “long” ✧ QL/053
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√LENE > lēni [-lēnī] > [-lēni] ✧ QL/053 Variations
- lēni ✧ GL/39; QL/053
- lēnu ✧ GL/39; QL/053
-lénu
suffix. long
anda adj. "long" (ÁNAD/ANDA), "far" (PE17:90).In Andafangar noun "Longbeards", one of the tribes of the Dwarves (= Khuzdul Sigin-tarâg and Sindarin Anfangrim) (PM:320). Compare Andafalassë, #andamacil, andamunda, andanéya, andatehta, Anduinë. Apparently derived from the adj. anda is andavë "long" as adverb ("at great length", PE17:102), suggesting that the ending -vë can be used to derive adverbs from adjectives (LotR3:VI ch. 4, translated in Letters:308)