Quenya 

-nna

to

-n (1) dative ending, originating as a reduced form of - "to", related to the allative ending -nna (VT49:14). Attested in nin, men, ten, enyalien, Erun, airefëan, tárin, yondon (q.v.) and also added to the English name Elaine (Elainen) in a book dedication to Elaine Griffiths (VT49:40). The longer dative ending -na is also attested in connection with some pronouns, such as sena, téna, véna (q.v.), also in the noun mariéna from márië "goodness" (PE17:59). Pl. -in (as in hínin, see hína), partitive pl. -lin, dual -nt (Plotz). The preposition ana (#1) is said to be used "when purely dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that it can replace the dative ending, e.g. *ana Eru instead of Erun for "to God". In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the ending -n (or -en) expressed genitive rather than dative, but he later decided that the genitive ending was to be -o (cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren becoming Yénië Valinórëo, MR:200).

-nna

to, at, upon

-nna "to, at, upon", allative ending, originating from -na "to" with fortified n, VT49:14. Attested in cilyanna, coraryanna, Endorenna, Elendilenna, númenórenna, parma-restalyanna, rénna, senna, tielyanna, q.v. If a noun ends in -n already, the ending -nna merges with it, as in Amanna, formenna, Elenna, númenna, rómenna as the allative forms of Aman, formen, elen, númen, rómen (q.v.). Plural -nnar in mannar, valannar, q.v.

-nna

suffix. (movement) to, towards, onto, at (arriving at a point); allative suffix

Derivations

  • NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus” ✧ PE17/146; PE17/147
  • -na “to; allative” ✧ PE21/79; VT49/14
    • NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus”

Element in

  • Q. am(be)na “nearer to”
  • Q. Eldanna “*Elf-wards” ✧ UTI/Eldanna
  • Q. Elenna “Starwards” ✧ UTI/Eldanna
  • Q. i falmalinnar imbë met “on the foaming waves between us” ✧ PE17/127
  • Q. mina “into, in, into, in, [ᴹQ.] to the inside”
  • Q. Rómenna “Eastwards” ✧ UTI/Eldanna

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ANA/NĀ > -nna[-nna]✧ PE17/146
AN/NĀ > -nna[-nna]✧ PE17/147
-nă > -nna[-nna]✧ VT49/14

Variations

  • nna ✧ PE21/79
  • -(n)na ✧ UTI/Eldanna
Quenya [PE17/062; PE17/127; PE17/135; PE17/147; PE21/79; UTI/Eldanna; VT49/14] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-nta

-nta

-nta (1) ending for dual allative (Plotz); see -nna

na

to, towards

na (2) prep. "to, towards", possibly obsoleted by #1 above; for clarity writers may use the synonym ana instead (NĀ1). Originally, Tolkien glossed na as "at, by, near"; the new meaning entered together with the synonyms an, ana (VT45:36).

ana

to

ana (1) prep. "to" (VT49:35), "as preposition _ana _is used when purely _dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that the preposition ana can be used instead of the dative ending -n (#1, q.v.) Also as prefix: ana- "to, towards" (NĀ1); an (q.v.) is used with this meaning in one source (PE17:127)_

falma

(crested/foaming) wave

falma noun "(crested/foaming) wave" (PHAL/PHÁLAS), "a wave-crest, wave" (VT42:15), "foam wave" (PE17:127), "a breaker" (PE17:62), partitive pl. falmali "many waves" (PE17:73), allative falmalinnar "on the foaming waves" in Namárië(Nam, RGEO:67); the phrase an i falmalī _(PE17:74) seems to be a paraphrase of this with an independent preposition instead of the allative ending -nna (see an #1). Compounded in Falmari, a name of the Teleri, and Mar-nu-Falmar, "Home/Land under Waves", a name of Númenor after the Downfall. (SA:falas) Falmari "wave-folk", a name of the Teleri (PM:386). In earlier "Qenya", falma was glossed "foam" (LT1:253, cf. MC:213). Compare also the early "Qenya" words falmar "wave as it breaks" (LT1:253), pl. falmari "waves" (MC:216)_

fuine

noun. deep shadow

PQ. deep shadow, night shade

Quenya [PE 19:31] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

fuinë

deep shadow

fuinë noun "deep shadow" (PHUY; cf. "Qenya" fuin "night" in MC:221). According to VT41:8, fuinë is not a Quenya form at all, but Telerin for Quenya huinë (but unquestionably, fuinë is quoted as a Quenya form in certain earlier sources; cf. also Fuinur below - perhaps we may assume that fuinë was borrowed into Quenya from Telerin and thus came to co-exist with huinë?

huinë

deep shadow

huinë noun "deep shadow" (PHUY), "gloom" (VT41:8), "gloom, darkness" (SA:fuin), also used for "shadow" = Sauron (LR:56). Possessive (adjectival) form huinéva in the name Taurë Huinéva, q.v. In earlier sources, huinë is quoted as a variant of fuinë, but according to VT41:8, huinë is the proper Quenya form and fuinë is Telerin.With prefix nu- "under" and allative ending -nna in nuhuinenna (SD:246); also unuhuinë "under-shadow" (LR:47).

parma

noun. book

book, writing, composition

Quenya [PE 18:51 PE 18:101] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

parma

book

parma noun "book", also name of tengwa #2 (PAR, Appendix E). In early "Qenya", the gloss was "skin, bark, parchment, book, writings" (LT2:346); Tolkien later revisited the idea that parma basically is a noun "peel" and refers to bark or skin (as primitive writing materials, PE17:86): "peel, applied to bark or skin, hence "book", bark (literally skinning, peeling off), parchment, book; a book (or written document of some size")" (PE17:123). In the meantimeTolkien had associated the word with a root PAR meaning "compose, put together" (LR:380); the word loiparë "mistake in writing" (q.v.) may also suggest that the root PAR at one point was to mean "write", so that a parma was a "written thing". Instrumental form parmanen "with a book" or "by means of a book" (PE17:91, 180), parmastanna "on your book" (with the endings -sta dual "your", -nna allative) (VT49:47), parmahentië noun "book reading" (PE17:77). Other compounds: parmalambë noun "book-language" = Q[u]enya (PAR), #parma-resta noun "book-fair", attested with the endings -lya "thy" and the allative ending -nna (parma-restalyanna *"upon your book-fair") (VT49:38, 39). Parma as the name of the tengwa letter for P occurs compunded in parmatéma noun "p-series", labials, the second column of the Tengwar system (Appendix E).

Sindarin 

na

to

e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:147] < _nā _< ANA/NĀ to, towards – added to, plu-. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

na

preposition. to

prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:20-1:25] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

an

preposition. to, towards, for

With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath

Sindarin [LotR/II:IV, UT/39, SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

an

to

_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath  'glory to all the Halflings'.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:38:102:147] < _ana _< ANA/NĀ to, towards – added to, plu-. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

an

to

(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).

an

to

(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)

parf

book

parf (i barf, o pharf), pl. perf (i pherf), coll. pl. parvath

parf

book

(i barf, o pharf), pl. perf (i pherf), coll. pl. parvath

Telerin 

parma

noun. book

Cognates

  • Q. parma “book, writing, composition, written document of some size, book, writing, composition, written document of some size; [ᴱQ.] skin, bark; parchment”

Derivations

  • PAR “learn; arrange, [ᴹ√] compose, put together”

Quendya 

huine

noun. deep shadow

deep shadow, night shade

Quendya [PE 19:31 PE 19:71] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

Black Speech

u

preposition. to

Element in

Black Speech [LotR/0445; PE17/078; PM/083] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

-na

suffix. to; allative

Derivations

  • NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus”

Derivatives

  • Q. -n “dative” ✧ VT49/14
  • Q. -nna “(movement) to, towards, onto, at (arriving at a point); allative suffix” ✧ PE21/79; VT49/14

Element in

  • ᴺQ. cána “backward”

Variations

  • nā̆ ✧ PE21/79
  • -nnā ✧ PE21/79
  • -nă ✧ VT49/14
Primitive elvish [PE21/79; VT49/14] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

parf

noun. book

Noldorin [Ety/380] Group: SINDICT. Published by

parf

noun. book

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. parma “book” ✧ Ety/PAR

Derivations

  • On. parma “book” ✧ Ety/PAR
    • ᴹ✶parmā “book” ✧ Ety/PAR
    • ᴹ√PAR “compose, put together, arrange” ✧ Ety/PAR

Element in

  • ᴺS. parlas “parchment, document”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. parma > parf[parma] > [parm] > [parv]✧ Ety/PAR
On. parma > perf[parmi] > [permi] > [perm] > [perv]✧ Ety/PAR
Noldorin [Ety/PAR; EtyAC/PAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

heltha-

verb. to strip

The form helta- in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:14

Noldorin [Ety/386, VT/46:14] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

fuine

noun. deep shadow

parma

noun. book

Cognates

  • On. parma “book” ✧ Ety/PAR
  • N. parf “book” ✧ Ety/PAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶parmā “book” ✧ Ety/PAR; PE18/051; PE21/61
    • ᴹ√PAR “compose, put together, arrange” ✧ Ety/PAR

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶parmā > parma[parmā] > [parma]✧ Ety/PAR
ᴹ✶parmā > parma[parmā] > [parma]✧ PE18/051
ᴹ✶parmānĕ > parmān > parman[parmāne] > [parmān] > [parman]✧ PE21/61
Qenya [Ety/PAR; EtyAC/PAR; PE18/051; PE21/08; PE21/58; PE21/59; PE21/60; PE21/61; PE22/018; PE22/019; PE22/022; PE22/046; PE22/050; PE22/061; PE22/063] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

parma

noun. book

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. parma “book” ✧ Ety/PAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶parmā “book” ✧ Ety/PAR
    • ᴹ√PAR “compose, put together, arrange” ✧ Ety/PAR

Derivatives

  • N. parf “book” ✧ Ety/PAR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶parmā > parma[parmā] > [parma]✧ Ety/PAR
Old Noldorin [Ety/PAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

parmā

noun. book

Derivations

  • ᴹ√PAR “compose, put together, arrange” ✧ Ety/PAR

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. parma “book” ✧ Ety/PAR; PE18/051; PE21/61
  • On. parma “book” ✧ Ety/PAR
    • N. parf “book” ✧ Ety/PAR

Variations

  • parmă ✧ PE21/64
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/PAR; PE18/051; PE21/58; PE21/61; PE21/64] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

to

proper name. To

Cognates

  • Eq. Tombo “Gong (of the Children)” ✧ PE15/07

Early Quenya

tekka

noun. book

Derivations

  • ᴱ√TEKE “make marks” ✧ QL/090

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√TEKE > tekka[tekkā] > [tekka]✧ QL/090
Early Quenya [QL/090] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tekte

noun. book

Derivations

  • ᴱ√TEKE “make marks” ✧ QL/090

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√TEKE > tekte[tekti] > [tekte]✧ QL/090
Early Quenya [QL/090] Group: Eldamo. Published by