o-

prefix. together

Cognates

• S. go- “together, co-, com-” ✧ PE17/016; PE17/191; PE17/191; WJ/367
• T. vo- “together” ✧ WJ/367

Derivations

• √WO “together” ✧ PE17/191; WJ/367
• ✶wō “together” ✧ PE19/106
  • √WO “together” ✧ WJ/361

Element in

• ᴺQ. ocantië “pattern”
• ᴺQ. ocar- “to cooperate, work together, participate”
• ᴺQ. ocaraitië “program, a set of activities”
• ᴺQ. ofelmë “sympathy, compassion, pity, *(lit.) together-feeling”
• ᴺQ. ohérë “government”
• Q. ohlon “diphthong” ✧ VT48/29
• Q. oholima “confidential”
• Q. ólama “consonant”
• Q. olass(i)ë “foliage, collection of leaves”
• Q. olië “company, people together”
• ᴺQ. ólië “society, (lit.) together-people”
• ᴺQ. ólëo “society, (lit.) together-people”
• ᴺQ. olindë “harmony”
• ᴺQ. olirië “concert”
• Q. olos “inflorescence, mass of flowers (on one plant), inflorescence, mass of flowers”
• Q. olótë “bloom, the flowers collectively of a single plant”
• Q. ombari “company, dwellers together”
• Q. omen- “to move to a common point, meet, to meet, move to a common point, *(lit.) move together” ✧ PE17/013
• Q. omentië “meeting (of pathways), (lit.) coming together of journey-path, meeting or junction of the directions of two people” ✧ PE17/013; PE17/013; WJ/367
• ᴺQ. omírë “jewelry (collectively)”
• ᴺQ. omolmë “company, business, enterprise, firm”
• Q. onóna “twin-born; one of a pair of twins” ✧ WJ/367
• Q. onot- “to count up, reckon, [ᴹQ.] to count up, reckon”
• Q. onótië “*reckoning”
• ᴺQ. orendë “(nuclear) family”
• ᴺQ. ori “grain, seed”
• ᴺQ. ósana- “to counsel, think together”
• Q. ósanwë “communication of thought, interchange of thought; (lit.) thinking together (dual)”
• ᴺQ. ósat- “to share”
• Q. ostimë “blend”
• ᴺQ. otarmië “colonnade”
• ᴺQ. otolmië “keyboard”
• ᴺQ. ovëa “(con)similar, alike”
• Q. ovéa “(con)similar, alike”
• ᴺQ. ovesta “contract, compact, treaty”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√WO/WONO > ŏ-´	[wo-] > [o-]	✧ PE17/191
✶gwo > wa-	[gwo-] > [gwa-] > [ɣwa-] > [wa-]	✧ PE19/106
✶gwo > o-	[gwo-] > [ɣwo-] > [ɣo-] > [o-]	✧ PE19/106
√WO > ó-	[wo-] > [o-]	✧ WJ/367

Variations

• ŏ-´ ✧ PE17/191 (ŏ-´)
• wa- ✧ PE19/106
• ó ✧ PE22/168 (ó)
• ŏ ✧ VT48/29
• ó- ✧ WJ/367; WJ/367

uo

together

[uo adv. "together" (PE17:191)]

uo

adverb. together

Derivations

• ✶ówō “together” ✧ PE17/191
  • √WO “together” ✧ PE17/191

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ówō > uo	[owō] > [uo]	✧ PE17/191

wa-

prefix. together

uo

adverb. together

Element in

• ᴺQ. uomë “community”

go-

together

_pref. _together. Q. o-.

gwa-

prefix. together (only in old compounds, the living form is go-)

go

together

(prefix) go-, gwa- (+ lenition) (co-, com-).

go

together

gwa- (+ lenition) (co-, com-).

godref

through together

(AI:92)

vo-

prefix. together

Cognates

• Q. o- “together” ✧ WJ/367

Derivations

• √WO “together” ✧ WJ/367

Variations

• vō/vo- ✧ WJ/367

wo

root. together

This root was the basis for the prefix Q. o- and S. go- “together”. In the 1910s Gnomish Lexicon, G. go- (unaccented) or gwa- “together” was derived from primitive ᴱ✶ŋu̯a and the Qenya form was ᴱQ. ma- (GL/40-41). In the 1920s the Early Noldorin form was still ᴱN. go- or gwa- but the Qenya form was ᴱQ. va- (PE13/162), probably from primitive ✱wa-. In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave the root as ᴹ√WŌ̆ “together” with derivatives ᴹQ. o- and N. go- or stressed gwa- (Ety/WŌ; EtyAC/WŌ).

In The Etymologies Tolkien explained the go-/gwa- variation in Noldorin as the result of the sound change whereby stressed wŏ became wa in Common Eldarin (Ety/WŌ); Tolkien gave a similar explanation for Sindarin in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 (WJ/367). Despite stressed wŏ > wa being an ancient change, the wa variant did not survive in Quenya. Tolkien explained the sound change whereby wo became o in Quenya several times: in the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1930s, in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s, and in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 (PE19/53, 106; WJ/367). The root √WO itself also appeared several times in Tolkien’s later writings (PE17/16, 191; WJ/361), in one place with the variant √WONO (PE17/191).

Derivatives

• ✶ówō “together” ✧ PE17/191
  • Q. uo “together” ✧ PE17/191
• ✶wō “together” ✧ WJ/361
  • Q. o- “together” ✧ PE19/106
  • S. go- “together, co-, com-” ✧ WJ/368
  • ᴺS. gu “(together) with”
• Q. o- “together” ✧ PE17/191; WJ/367
• S. go- “together, co-, com-” ✧ PE17/016; PE17/191; WJ/367
• T. vo- “together” ✧ WJ/367

Element in

• ᴺ✶. womātē “*community, (lit.) eating-together”
• ᴺQ. ólav- “to compromise”
• ᴺQ. ómen “crossroads”
• ᴺS. goven “crossroads”

Variations

• WĂ/WO ✧ PE17/016
• WO/WONO ✧ PE17/191 (WO/WONO)

wō

prefix. together

Derivations

• √WO “together” ✧ WJ/361

Derivatives

• Q. o- “together” ✧ PE19/106
• S. go- “together, co-, com-” ✧ WJ/368
• ᴺS. gu “(together) with”

Variations

• gwo ✧ PE19/106
• wo- ✧ WJ/367
• wo ✧ WJ/368

ówō

adverb. together

Derivations

• √WO “together” ✧ PE17/191

Derivatives

• Q. uo “together” ✧ PE17/191

go-

prefix. together

go-

prefix. together

Cognates

• ᴹQ. o- “together” ✧ Ety/WŌ

Derivations

• ᴹ√WO “together” ✧ Ety/KWET; Ety/NAT
• ᴹ✶wō̆- “together” ✧ Ety/WŌ
  • ᴹ√WO “together” ✧ Ety/WŌ

Element in

• N. gobel “walled house or village, town”
• N. gobennas “history” ✧ Ety/KWET
• N. godrebh “abreast; *together-through”
• N. gwaloth “blossom, collection of flowers”
• N. gonathra- “to entangle, enmesh” ✧ Ety/NAT
• N. gonod- “to count (up)” ✧ Ety/WŌ
• N. govad- “to meet”
• N. gowest “contract, compact, treaty” ✧ Ety/WŌ
• N. gwanod “tale, number, number, tale”
• N. gwanur “kinsman, kinswoman” ✧ Ety/WŌ
• N. gwastar “hummock” ✧ Ety/WŌ

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√WŌ̆ > go-	[wo-] > [gwo-] > [go-]	✧ Ety/NAT
ᴹ✶wō/wŏ > gwa-	[wó-] > [wá-] > [gwá-]	✧ Ety/WŌ

Variations

• go ✧ Ety/KWET
• gwa- ✧ Ety/WŌ (gwa-)

gwa-

prefix. together (only in old compounds, the living form is go-)

gwa-

prefix. together