hráva

wild

hráva adj. "wild" (PE17:78); see ráva #1.

verca

wild

verca ("k")adj. "wild" (BERÉK)

walda

excited, wild

walda adj. "excited, wild" (PE17:154)

hráva

adjective. wild, savage, wild, savage, [ᴹQ.] untamed

Changes

• rōva → hrōva ✧ PE17/099

Cognates

• S. Drû “Wose” ✧ PE17/099
• S. rhaw “wild, wild, [N.] untamed” ✧ PE17/078

Derivations

• √SRAB “wild, not tamed/domesticated” ✧ PE17/078; PE17/099

Element in

• Q. hravan “wild beast”
• ᴺQ. hravanda “wilderness”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√S-RAB > hráva	[srāba] > [r̥āba] > [r̥āβa] > [r̥āva]	✧ PE17/078
√S)ROB > hrōva	[srōba] > [r̥ōba] > [r̥ōβa] > [r̥ōva]	✧ PE17/099

Variations

• hrōva ✧ PE17/099
• rōva ✧ PE17/099 (rōva)

hróva

adjective. savage, wild

merca

wild, untamed

[merca ("k")adj. "wild, untamed" (MERÉK, VT45:34)] Compare verca.

valda

adjective. excited, wild

Cognates

• ᴺS. gwall “excited”

Derivations

• ✶walna “excited, wild” ✧ PE17/154
  • √GWAL “be stirred, excited; emotion, movement of feelings” ✧ PE17/154

Element in

• Q. avalda “move[d], stirred, excited”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶walna > walda	[gwalna] > [ɣwalna] > [ɣwalda] > [walda]	✧ PE17/154

Variations

• walda ✧ PE17/154

rú

proper name. Wose

Given as the Quenya word for “Wose” (UT/385), most likely an adaptation of its Sindarin cognate S. Drû.

Cognates

• Wos. Drughu “Wose” ✧ UT/385; UTI/Drúath; UTI/Rú
• S. Drû “Wose” ✧ UT/385; UTI/Drúath; UTI/Rú
• Wes. Rôg “Wose” ✧ UTI/Drúath

Element in

• Q. Rúatan “Wose, (lit.) Wose-man” ✧ UT/385

fairë

free

fairë (4) adj. "free" (LT1:250) (rather léra, lerina or mirima in LotR-style Quenya)

lehta

free, released

lehta (2) adj. "free, released" (VT39:17); #lehta tengwë "free element, released element", a term for "vowel" (only pl. lehta tengwi [ñ] is attested; we would rather expect *lehtë tengwi with the pl. form of the adjective) (VT39:17)

léra

free

léra adj. noun "free", of persons (VT41:5)

lerina

free

lerina adj. "free" of things: not guarded, reserved, made fast, or "owned" (VT41:5)

mirima

free

mirima adj. "free" (MIS). ("Free" is rather expressed as léra in Tolkiens later Quenya; mirima would be prone to confusion with mírima above.)

ráva

free, unfettered, uncontrolled, lawless

ráva (1) adj. "free, unfettered, uncontrolled, lawless" (PE17:78), "wild, untamed"_ (RAB). _In PE17:78, the gloss "wild" is given to the variant hráva instead.

aranya

free

aranya, also ranya, adj. "free". Another gloss was not certainly legible, but the editors suggest "uncontrolling" (VT46:10)

rhaw

adjective. wild

adj. wild. Q. hráva. Tolkien wrote this entry as "rhaw [f]" (PE17:78).

rhaw

adjective. wild, wild, [N.] untamed

Cognates

• Q. hráva “wild, savage, wild, savage, [ᴹQ.] untamed” ✧ PE17/078

Derivations

• √SRAB “wild, not tamed/domesticated” ✧ PE17/078

Element in

• S. rhovan “wilderness; wild beast”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√S-RAB > rhaw(f)	[srāba] > [r̥āba] > [r̥ǭba] > [r̥ǭva] > [r̥auva] > [r̥auv] > [r̥au]	✧ PE17/078

Variations

• rhaw(f) ✧ PE17/078

rhavan

noun. wild man

Druadan

noun. wose

n. wose, wild man.

drû

proper name. Wose

A Sindarin word for “Wose”, a loan word from the Wose’s name for themselves: Drughu (UT/385).

Conceptual Development: In his Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien considered making this word a native Sindarin adjective “savage, wild” derived from the root √DROB, a variant of √SROB from which rhaw “wild” was derived (PE17/99). These roots would produce the Q. cognate (h)róva instead of better established Q. (h)ráva “wild”, so I personally prefer the later derivation of Drû as a loan word from Wos. Drughu.

Cognates

• Q. hráva “wild, savage, wild, savage, [ᴹQ.] untamed” ✧ PE17/099
• Q. Rú “Wose” ✧ UT/385; UTI/Drúath; UTI/Rú

Derivations

• Wos. Drughu “Wose”
• √DROB “*wild” ✧ PE17/099

Element in

• S. Drúadan “Wose, (lit.) Wild-man” ✧ PE17/099; UT/385; UTI/Drúedain
• S. Drúnos “a family of the Drû-folk” ✧ UT/385
• S. Drúwaith “the wilderness of the Drû-folk” ✧ UT/385

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√D)ROB > drû	[drōb] > [drōv] > [drūv] > [drū]	✧ PE17/099

Variations

• drû ✧ PE17/099

lain

adjective. free, freed

drû

adjective. savage

adj. savage, wild. Q. hróva. >> Druadan

drúath

noun. the people of the Drû, the Woses

braig

wild

(fierce), lenited vraig. No distinct pl. form. (VT45:34)

lothren

wild

(waste), pl. lethrin for archaic löthrin (VT45:29)

rhaw

wild

1) rhaw (untamed). Lenited ?thraw or ?raw (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhoe. (VT46:10) Note: a homophone means ”flesh, body”, 2) braig (fierce), lenited vraig. No distinct pl. form. (VT45:34), 3) lothren (waste), pl. lethrin for archaic löthrin (VT45:29)

rhaw

wild

(untamed). Lenited ?thraw or ?raw (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhoe. (VT46:10) Note: a homophone means ”flesh, body”

gwall

adjective. excited

Cognates

• Q. valda “excited, wild”

Derivations

• ✶walna “excited, wild”
  • √GWAL “be stirred, excited; emotion, movement of feelings” ✧ PE17/154

rain

free

rain (wandering, erratic). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”border” (VT46:10; suggested Sindarin form of ” Noldorin” rhain)

leitha

set free

(i leitha, i leithar)

adleitha

free

(i adleitha, in adleithar), also †adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin).

drob

root. *wild

Changes

• D+ROGO → S+ROBO ✧ PE17/099

Derivatives

• ✶roban “wilderness” ✧ PE17/099
  • S. rhovan “wilderness; wild beast” ✧ PE17/099
• S. Drû “Wose” ✧ PE17/099

Variations

• D)ROB ✧ PE17/099; PE17/151; PE17/185
• D+ROGO ✧ PE17/099 (D+ROGO)

walna

adjective. excited, wild

Derivations

• √GWAL “be stirred, excited; emotion, movement of feelings” ✧ PE17/154

Derivatives

• Q. valda “excited, wild” ✧ PE17/154
• ᴺS. gwall “excited”

ler

root. free

A root appearing twice in a list of roots from 1959-60, the first time described as “free (of moveable things or moving things), able to move as willed, unimpeded, unhampered, loose, not fixed fast or static” and the second time as “am free to do, sc., am under no restraint (physical or other)” (VT41/5-6). In the second instance it was compared to √POL which had the sense of being physically able to do something. It seems that √LER = “able to do something because there is nothing preventing it” vs. √POL = “able to something because of physical ability”. It might also be contrasted with √LEK which has the sense of freeing something that was once bound, whereas with √LER the thing that is free may have never been bound in the first place.

Derivatives

• Q. léra “free (of persons)” ✧ PE17/160; VT41/05
• ᴺQ. lerië “issue, release, edition”
• Q. lerina “free (of things)” ✧ PE17/160; VT41/05
• Q. lerta- “to be free to do” ✧ PE17/160; VT41/06
• Q. lerya- “to release, set free, let go” ✧ PE17/160; VT41/05

Element in

• Q. lerya- “to release, set free, let go”

Variations

• ler ✧ VT41/05; VT41/06

srab

root. wild, not tamed/domesticated

Changes

• S+ROBO → S)ROB ✧ PE17/099

Derivatives

• ✶srāban “wild beast” ✧ PE17/078
  • Q. hravan “wild beast” ✧ PE17/078
  • S. rhovan “wilderness; wild beast” ✧ PE17/078
• Q. hráva “wild, savage, wild, savage, [ᴹQ.] untamed” ✧ PE17/078; PE17/099
• S. rhaw “wild, wild, [N.] untamed” ✧ PE17/078

Variations

• S-RAB ✧ PE17/078; PE17/185
• S)ROB ✧ PE17/099; PE17/185
• S+ROBO ✧ PE17/099 (S+ROBO)

lothren

adjective. wild, waste

Changes

• lothran → lothren ✧ EtyAC/LUS

Derivations

• ᴹ√LUS “*empty” ✧ Ety/LUS

Element in

• N. Mablothren “*Empty-handed”

Elements

Word	Gloss
lhoss	“wilderness”
-ren	“adjective suffix”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√LUS > lothren	[lusserina] > [lusserena] > [losserena] > [losseren] > [lossren] > [losren] > [loθren]	✧ Ety/LUS

Variations

• lothran ✧ EtyAC/LUS (lothran)

braig

adjective. wild, fierce

The form brerg in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/45:34

breig

adjective. wild, fierce

The form brerg in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/45:34

breig

adjective. wild, fierce

Cognates

• ᴹQ. merka “wild, untamed” ✧ Ety/MERÉK

Derivations

• ᴹ✶mrekyā “wild, fierce” ✧ EtyAC/MERÉK
  • ᴹ√MEREK ✧ EtyAC/MERÉK

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶mrekjā > breig > braig	[mrekjā] > [brekjā] > [brekja] > [brekia] > [breki] > [breik] > [breig] > [braig]	✧ EtyAC/MERÉK

Variations

• braig ✧ Ety/MERÉK (braig)
• brerg ✧ EtyAC/MERÉK (brerg)

rhaw

adjective. wild, untamed

According to the editorial corrections in EtyAC/RAB, the gloss “wilderness” in The Etymologies is actually associated with a different word, rhofan, so that the proper gloss of this word is likely the same as its Quenya cognate ráva: “wild, untamed”.

Cognates

• ᴹQ. ráva “wild, untamed” ✧ Ety/RAB

Derivations

• ᴹ✶rāba “wild, untamed” ✧ Ety/RAB
  • ᴹ√RAB “*wild” ✧ Ety/RAB

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶rāba > rhaw	[rāba] > [rǭba] > [rouba] > [rouva] > [rauva] > [rauv] > [r̥auv] > [r̥au]	✧ Ety/RAB

Variations

• rhaw ✧ Ety/RAB; EtyAC/RAB

rhaw

adjective. wild, untamed

Meaning rectified according to VT/46:10

lhain

adjective. free, freed

lhein

adjective. free, freed

rhain

adjective. free

Cognates

• ᴹQ. (a)ranya “free” ✧ EtyAC/RAN

Derivations

• ᴹ✶(a)ranyā “free, ?uncontrolling” ✧ EtyAC/RAN
  • ᴹ√RAN “wander, stray” ✧ Ety/RAN

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶(a)ranı̯ā > rhein > rhain	[ranjā] > [ranja] > [rania] > [renia] > [reni] > [rein] > [r̥ein] > [r̥ain]	✧ EtyAC/RAN

Variations

• rhain ✧ EtyAC/RAN
• erein ✧ EtyAC/RAN (erein)