fainu-

release

fainu- vb. "release" (LT1:250). Rather lerya- or sen- in Tolkien's later Quenya.

apsene-

remit, release, forgive

apsene- vb. "remit, release, forgive" (VT43:18, 20; it is unclear whether the final -e is somehow part of the verbal stem or is just the final form of the ending -i associated with the aorist, so that "I forgive" would be *apsenin). Where Tolkien used apsene-, he cited the person(s) forgiven in the dative (ámen apsenë "forgive us", literally "for us"), whereas the matter that is forgiven appears as a direct object (VT43:12). Compare avatyar-.

apsen-

verb. to remit, release, forgive

Derivations

• ✶ab(a)sene- ✧ VT43/18
  • √SEN “let loose, free, let go” ✧ VT43/18

Element in

• Q. ar ámen apsenë úcaremmar “and forgive us our trespasses” ✧ VT43/18
• Q. sív’ emmë apsenet tien i úcarir emmen “as we forgive those who trespass against us” ✧ VT43/20

Elements

Word	Gloss
?
sen-	“to let loose, free, let go”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ab(a)sene- > apsene-	[absene] > [apsene]	✧ VT43/18

Variations

• apsene- ✧ VT43/18

lehta-

loose, slacken

lehta- (1) vb. "loose, slacken" (LEK)

lenca-

loose, slacken

lenca- ("k") (2) vb. "loose, slacken" (LEK. In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the misreading leuka [for lenka] appears; cf. VT45:27)

lerya-

release, set free, let go

lerya- vb. "release, set free, let go"; negated avalerya- "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty" (VT41:5, 6)

lerya-

verb. to release, set free, let go

Derivations

• √LER “free” ✧ PE17/160; VT41/05

Element in

• ᴺQ. aulerya- “to rid, free somebody of something”
• Q. avalerya- “to restrain, to deprive of liberty”
• ᴺQ. leryalë “release”

Elements

Word	Gloss
LER	“free”
-ya	“verbal suffix”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√LER > lerya	[lerja-]	✧ PE17/160
√ler > lerya-	[lerja-]	✧ VT41/05

Variations

• lerya ✧ PE17/160

uswë

issue, escape

uswë noun "issue, escape" (LT1:251)

-enca

without, -less

-enca suffix "without, -less" (PE17:167), cf. nec-, q.v.

nec-

without, -less

nec- prefix "without, -less" (PE17:167), cf. -enca, q.v.

ú

without, destitute of

ú (1) adv. and prep. "without, destitute of" (VT39:14). Usually followed by genitive: ú calo "without light" (cala). In one source, ú is seemingly also used as a negative verb "was not" (VT49:13), but Tolkien revised the text in question.

au-

without

au- (3) privative prefix, = "without" (AWA)

pen

without, not having

[pen prep. "without, not having" (PE17:171). Cf. Ú #1.]

ava-

without

ava- (3) prefix "without" (AR2, AWA). In some cases apparently used as a mere negation prefix: The form avalerya in VT41:6 is seemingly a negated form of the verb lerya- "release, set free"; the verb avalerya- is suggested to have the same meaning as the root KHAP = "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty". Likewise, the verb avalatya- from the same source seems to mean "to close, shut", this being a negated form of a verb *latya- "open" (q.v.)

nec-

prefix. without

Derivations

• √NEK “divide, separate, part; deprive” ✧ PE17/167

Element in

• ᴺQ. necermëa “insubstantial, immaterial”
• ᴺQ. necestel “hopelessness, despair, desperation”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√NEK > nec-	[nek-]	✧ PE17/167

leryalë

noun. release

Elements

Word	Gloss
lerya-	“to release, set free, let go”

lerië

noun. issue, release, edition

Derivations

• √LER “free”

etsen-

verb. to let loose, release, forget

Elements

Word	Gloss
et	“out (of)”
sen-	“to let loose, free, let go”

leithia-

verb. to release, to release, [N.] set free

Derivations

• √LEK “loose, unbind, let, permit, loose, unbind, let, permit, [ᴹ√] let loose, release”

Element in

• S. leithian “release from bondage, release from bondage, [N.] release, freeing” ✧ S/162

Variations

• Leithia- ✧ S/162 (Leithia-)

leithian

noun. release from bondage, release from bondage, [N.] release, freeing

Variations

• Leithian ✧ S/162; SI/Lay of Leithian

leithian

noun. release, freeing, release from bondage

pen

preposition. without, lacking, -less

pen-

without

(ben-) _ pref. _without,**less. pen-adar 'fatherless'. >> ben-, ú-

ú

without

(adverbial prefix) ú-, u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad *”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:

ú

without

u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad ✱”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:

adleitha

release

(verb, = "to free") adleitha- (i adleitha, in adleithar); also adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin). RELEASE (noun) 1) adleithian, pl. adleithiain, 2) leithian (freeing), pl. leithiain

adleitha

release

(i adleitha, in adleithar); also adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin).

adleithian

release

pl. adleithiain

leithian

release

(freeing), pl. leithiain

leitha

set free

leitha- (i leitha, i leithar).

adleitha

set free

b._, = "to release") adleitha- (i adleitha, in adleithar), also †adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin). SET FREE leitha- (i leitha, i leithar)

ar

without

(adv. prefix) ar- (outside)

ar

without

(outside)

pen

without

1) pen (lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited. 2)

pen

without

(lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited.

lek

root. loose, unbind, let, permit, loose, unbind, let, permit, [ᴹ√] let loose, release

This root was the basis for the word S. leithia- “release” as in the Lay of Leithian “Release from Bondage” (S/162). This word dates back to Tolkien’s first version of this poem from the 1920s, where the primitive base seems to be ᴱ√LETH “set free” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LB/154), though the note where this etymology appears is undated and might be a contemporary of The Etymologies of the 1930s instead (Ety/LEK). In The Etymologies itself this root became ᴹ√LEK “loose, let loose, release” with derivatives like ᴹQ. lehta- “loose, slacken”, N. lheithia- “to release” and Ilk. legol “nimble, active, running free” (Ety/LEK). The root √LEK “loose, unbind, let, permit” reappeared in a list of roots from 1959-60 (VT41/6), and Tolkien’s continued use of Q. lehta and S. leithian indicates its ongoing validity (VT39/17; S/162).

Derivatives

• Q. lehta “free, released”
• ᴺS. lain “free(d), *liberated”
• S. leithia- “to release, to release, [N.] set free”

Variations

• lek ✧ VT41/06

adleg-

verb. *to release

Derivations

• ᴹ√LEK “loose, let loose, release” ✧ Ety/LEK

Elements

Word	Gloss
ad-	“back, again, re-”
LEK	“loose, let loose, release”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√LEK > adlegi	[leki] > [legi]	✧ Ety/LEK

adleitha-

verb. *to release

Element in

• N. adleithian “*release, freeing” ✧ EtyAC/LEK

Elements

Word	Gloss
ad-	“back, again, re-”
lheithia-	“to release, set free”

leithia-

verb. to release

leithia-

verb. to release

lheitho

verb. to release

adleithian

noun. *release, freeing

Variations

• Adleithian ✧ EtyAC/LEK

leithian

noun. release from bondage

lheithia-

verb. to release, set free

Cognates

• ᴹQ. lehta- “to loose, slacken” ✧ Ety/LEK

Derivations

• ᴹ√LEK “loose, let loose, release” ✧ Ety/LEK

Element in

• N. adleitha- “*to release” ✧ Ety/LEK
• N. lheithian “release from bondage, release, freeing” ✧ Ety/LEK; Ety/LEK

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√LEK > lheitho	[lekta-] > [lektʰa-] > [lexθa-] > [leiθa-] > [l̥eiθa-]	✧ Ety/LEK

Variations

• leithia- ✧ Ety/LEK
• leithia ✧ EtyAC/LEK

adleg-

verb. to loose, let loose, release

leithian

noun. release, freeing, release from bondage

lheithian

noun. release, freeing, release from bondage

lheithian

noun. release from bondage, release, freeing

Elements

Word	Gloss
lheithia-	“to release, set free”

Variations

• Lheithian ✧ Ety/LEK
• leithian ✧ Ety/LEK
• Leithian ✧ LR/296