panna-
verb. to open, enlarge, to open, enlarge, *expand
panna-
verb. to open, to enlarge
pannad(a)-
verb. to fill, to fill (trans.)
edra-
verb. to open
edra-
verb. to open
edro
verb. open!
lhaden
adjective. open, cleared
pannod
verb. to fill
pathra-
verb. to fill
pathra-
verb. to fill, to fill (intr.)
panna-
verb. to fill
panna-
verb. to arrange, order, settle; to set, put, place; to write a book, to arrange, order, settle; to set, put, place; *to compose
panna
open
(i banna, i phannar) (enlarge). Note: a homophone means ”fill”.
panna
enlarge
panna- (i banna, i phannar) (open). Note: a homophone means ”fill”.
panna
enlarge
(i banna, i phannar) (open). Note: a homophone means ”fill”.
edra-
verb. to open
edra-
verb. open
_ v. _open (out). >> edro
edro
verb. open!
laden
adjective. open, cleared
edra
open
(verb) 1) *edra- (i edra, in edrar), only attested in imperative form edro. 2) panna- (i banna, i phannar) (enlarge). Note: a homophone means ”fill”.
edra
open
(i edra, in edrar), only attested in imperative form edro.
laden
open
(adj.) laden (plain, flat, wide, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)
laden
open
(plain, flat, wide, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)
pathra
fill
pathra- (i bathra, i phathrar). Also panna- (i banna, i phannar), but pathra- may be preferred for clarity since panna- also means ”open, enlarge”.
pathra
fill
(i bathra, i phathrar). Also panna- (i banna, i phannar), but pathra- may be preferred for clarity since panna- also means ”open, enlarge”.
panta
open
panta adj. "open" (PAT)
panna
noun. arrangement, grouping; book
-uva
fill
-uva future tense ending. In avuva, caluva, cenuva, hiruva, (en)quantuva, (en)tuluva, laituvalmet, lauva, maruvan, termaruva, tiruvantes. A final -a drops out before the ending -uva is added: quanta- "fill", future tense quantuva (PE17:68). A verbal stem in -av- may be contracted when -uva follows, as when avuva is stated to have become auva (VT49:13). Origin/etymology of the ending -uva, see VT48:32. In VT49:30, the future tense of the verb "to be" is given as uva, apparently the future-tense "ending" appearing independently, but several other sources rather give nauva for "will be" (see ná #1).
latin
open, free, cleared (of land)
latin, latina adj. "open, free, cleared (of land)" (LAT). According to VT41:5, the adjective latina "is used rather of freedom of movement, of things not encumbered with obstacles".
láta
open
láta adj. "open" (VT39:23), "open, not closed" (PE17:159, VT41:5)
quanta-
verb. fill
quanta- (2) vb. "fill" (PE17:68), cf. enquantuva "will refill" in Namárië. This verb seems to spring from a secondary use of the adjective quanta "full" as a verbal stem, whereas the synonym quat- (q.v.) is the original primary verb representing the basic root KWAT.
quanta-
verb. to fill, to fill [something], *(lit.) make full; [ᴱQ.] to complete, *fulfill
quat-
verb. fill
quat- vb. "fill" (WJ:392), future #quantuva "shall fill" (enquantuva "shall refill") (Nam, RGEO:67) Irrespective of the prefix en- "re", the form enquatuva (VT48:11) displays the expected future tense of quat-. The Namárië form enquantuva seems to include a nasal infix as well, which is possibly an optional feature of the future tense. On the other hand, PE17:68 cites the verb as quanta- rather than quat-, and then the future-tense form quantuva would be straightforward.
quat-
verb. to fill, to fill, *be filled
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
panna
noun. arrangement, grouping; book
A noun appearing as ᴱQ. panna in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s and the equivalent of G. pant “arrangement, grouping; book” (GL/63). It is clearly based on the early root ᴱ√PANA “arrange” (QL/72).
Neo-Quenya: Since √PAN still means “arrange” in Tolkien’s later writings, I would retain ᴺQ. panna “arrangement, grouping” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but for “book” I would use the later word parma.
apta-
verb. to open
A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “to open” under the early root ᴱ√AFA “open, begin” (QL/29).
apte
adjective. open
An adjective in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “open” under the early root ᴱ√AFA “open, begin” (QL/29).
panta-
verb. to arrange, order, settle; to set, put, place; to write a book
A verb appearing as G. panta- “set, put, place, arrange, settle” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the early root ᴱ√PANA (GL/63). Elsewhere on the same page Tolkien gave it the glosses “1) order, arrange, 2) write a book”.
Neo-Sindarin: Since the root √PAN still means “arrange” in Tolkien’s later writings, I would adapt this verb as ᴺS. panna- with the normal Sindarin sound change of nt to nn. I would assume its original meaning was “to arrange, order, settle”, by extension “to set, put, place”. I further assume panna- primarily means “put, place” when used of a single item: pannannen vaeas v’i mothol “I put dough in the oven”. It can mean either “arrange” or “put” for a group of items, depending on context: pannathon berf v’i bartham “I will arrange/put books in the library”, depending on whether or not the books are already in the library.
Based on the 1910s sense “write a book”, I would assume that this verb can also be used for arranging information into a narrative, poem, or song (“compose”), such as pannon narn oh Edhil “I arrange/compose a tale about Elves”. However, see partha- “arrange, compose” for a more precise word with this sense. When used to mean “put, place”, I assume panna- has the extra connotation of placing something in a deliberate and organized way rather than haphazardly. Saying panno i goll gîn v’i tham han “put your cloak in that room” would imply putting it in a proper place like on a hook rather than tossing it on the floor or bed.
In earlier versions of this lexicon, I recommended using a basic verb pan- for “arrange; put” based directly on the root √PAN, but that would often conflict with pen- “lack” in the present tense due to i-mutation; compare penim vast “we lack bread” vs. ✱✱penim vast “we put bread”. Unfortunately, panna- “arrange; put” does conflict with [N.] panna- “open” based on the root ᴹ√PAT, but I think the sense “open” can be disambiguated by judicious use of ed “out”; see the entry for N. panna- for discussion.
Hat-tip to Gilruin for suggestions and feedback for this entry.
cwintha-
verb. to fill
pant
noun. arrangement, grouping; book
samri
noun. arrangement
panta
adjective. open, open, [ᴱQ.] wide, spreading
pantā
adjective. open
ed(er)
root. open
A deleted root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the gloss “open” and the forms √ED and extended √EDÉR, but it had no derivatives (EtyAC/ED).
kwat
root. fill
A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing in its (Noldorin) infinitive form panno “to open, enlarge” under the root ᴹ√PAT (Ety/PAT). Given the glosses “to unfurl, spread out, open” for its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. panta-, I would assume panna- means “enlarge” in the sense “✱expand”.
Neo-Sindarin: I currently recommend using ᴺS. panna- as a Neo-Sindarin verb for “arrange; put” inspired by G. panta-. Unfortunately, this conflicts with panna- “open”. In many cases the meaning should be clear from context based on the object of the verb, such as panno i fend “open the door” vs. panno i vegil bo i hardh “put the sword on the table”. Where things are ambiguous, I think the adverb ed “out” can be used to make the sense “open” more clear, as panno ed i golch “open (out) the box” vs. panno i golch v’i tham “put the box in the room” vs. panno ed i golch v’i tham “open (out) the box in the room”. Compare also intrasitive S. edra- “open (out)”.