Formen

north

Formen noun "north" (SA:men), also name of tengwa #10 (Appendix E, PHOR, MEN; replacing the rejected form Tormen). In Formenos, place-name "Northern Fortress" (SA:formen). Allative formenna, VT49:26.

Tormen

north

[Tormen] noun "north" (MEN; replaced by Formen, q.v.)

formen

noun. north, north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]

Cognates

• S. forod “north” ✧ LotR/1123; PE17/018; SA/formen
• S. forn “north, north, [N.] right” ✧ PE17/018; SA/formen

Element in

• Q. ar cé mo formenna tentanes Amanna “and if northwards, it pointed towards Aman” ✧ VT49/26
• Q. Follondië “North-harbourage” ✧ PE17/028
• Q. Formenos “Northern Fortress” ✧ SA/formen
• Q. Forostar “Northlands” ✧ UT/165

Elements

Word	Gloss
forya	“right (hand), dexter”
men	“way, way; [ᴹQ.] place, spot”

Variations

• Formen ✧ SA/men

forma

noun. right-hand

Cognates

• S. forvo “right hand, right side” ✧ VT47/06

Elements

Word	Gloss
PHOR	“right-hand”
má	“hand”

forya

right

forya adj. "right" (PHOR), "dexter" (VT46:10)

for

adjective. north

forn

adjective. north, north, [N.] right

Cognates

• Q. formen “north, north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]” ✧ PE17/018; SA/formen

Element in

• S. Cirith Forn en Andrath “High-Climbing Pass of the North”
• ᴺS. Forchalad “aurora, (lit.) northern radiance”
• S. Forfalas “North Falas”
• S. Forlindon “Lindon north of the Gulf of Lune”
• S. Forlond “North Haven”
• S. Forlonnas “North-harbourage”
• S. Fornarthan “North Beacon” ✧ VT42/30
• S. Fornost “Norbury, (lit.) Northern Fortress” ✧ RC/774; SA/formen

Variations

• for ✧ PE17/018
• for(n)- ✧ VT42/30

forod

noun. north

forod

noun. north

Cognates

• Q. formen “north, north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]” ✧ LotR/1123; PE17/018; SA/formen

Element in

• S. Forochel “*Northern Ice” ✧ PE17/116
• S. Forodwaith “North-region, Northmen”

fuir

adjective. north

fuir

adjective. north

@@@ likely from [pʰorja] as suggested by David Salo (GS/255), thus a later version of than feir “right (hand)” with a different phonetic development. In the 2008 version of his Sindarin Dictionary, Didier Willis suggested fair as the Sindarized form of N. feir (HSD/fair), but more recent research indicates that fuir < ✱phorya is more likely, as suggested to me in a private chat by Elaran on 2018-08-26; see the entry on how [[s|[œi] became [ui] or [y]]] in Sindarin for further details.

Derivations

• ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand”

Element in

• S. Eryn Fuir “North Wood” ✧ VT42/20

Variations

• Fuir ✧ VT42/20 (Fuir)

north

noun. a riding

_n. _a riding, a race (of people running), a charge or gallop. Tolkien notes the "curious accidental approach of words for race with sense kindred". >> northa-

north

noun. riding, race (of people running), charge or gallop

Cognates

• Q. norië “race, running, running, race” ✧ PE17/168
• Q. normë “race, running, race (running)” ✧ PE17/168

Derivations

• √NOR “run (or leap) of animals or men, run (or leap) of animals or men; [ᴹ√] run as of wheels, roll along, [ᴱ√] go smoothly, ride, spin” ✧ PE17/168

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√NOR > north	[nortē] > [norte] > [nortʰe] > [norθe] > [norθ]	✧ PE17/168

forn

noun. right, north

for

noun. right-hand

_n. _right-hand, north. Q. for-. >> forn

forvo

noun. right hand

forvo

noun. right side

fair

noun. right (hand)

forod

north

#forod (isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).

forod

north

(isolated from Forodrim ”northmen”), also fôr (the latter also = right). The term Forven may refer to ”north” as a direction rather than a region (the element -ven means ”way”).

fuir

right

1) (adj, of direction), also used as noun "right hand": fuir (north), pl. fŷr (VT42:20). In ”Noldorin” the word appeared as (”foeir” =) föir, feir (LR:382 s.v. PHOR). 2) (direction, not "correct") fôr (north), pl. fŷr. 3) (straight) tîr (lenited dîr, no distinct pl. form) Note: a homophone means ”looking, view, glance” (noun).

fuir

right

(north), pl. fŷr (VT42:20). In ”Noldorin” the word appeared as (”foeir” =) föir, feir (LR:382 s.v. PHOR).

fôr

right

(north), pl. fŷr.

tîr

right

(lenited dîr, no distinct pl. form) Note: a homophone means ”looking, view, glance” (noun).

fuir

adjective. [N.] right (hand); north

forma

noun. right-hand

Cognates

• S. forvo “right hand, right side” ✧ VT47/06

for-

noun. right-hand, north

Element in

• Q. formen “north, north, [ᴹQ.] right-hand [direction]” ✧ PE17/018
• Q. forna “northern” ✧ PE17/018

forod

noun. north

forod

noun. north

Cognates

• ᴹQ. formen “north, right hand” ✧ Ety/PHOR

Derivations

• ᴹ✶phoroti “right or north” ✧ Ety/PHOR
  • ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” ✧ Ety/PHOR

Element in

• N. Osforod “Northburg”
• N. forodren “northern” ✧ Ety/PHOR
• N. Forodrim “Northmen” ✧ Ety/PHOR
• N. Forodweith “Northmen, Northland” ✧ Ety/PHOR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶phoroti > forod	[pʰoroti] > [pʰorote] > [ɸorote] > [forote] > [forot] > [forod]	✧ Ety/PHOR

Variations

• Forod ✧ WRI/Forod

forven

noun. north

forven

noun. north

Cognates

• ᴹQ. formen “north, right hand” ✧ Ety/PHOR

Derivations

• ᴹ√PHOR “right-hand” ✧ Ety/PHOR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√PHOR > forven	[pʰormena] > [ɸormena] > [formena] > [formen] > [forven]	✧ Ety/PHOR

forn

noun. right, north

fœir

noun. right (hand)

forgam

adjective. right-handed

feir

noun. right (hand)