lhammas

proper name. Account of Tongues, Linguistic History

lhammas

noun. account of tongues

The Lhammas

The Lhammas

The name lhammas is Noldorin and roughly means "assortment of languages" (cf. Quenya word lambë). When Tolkien revised the history of the languages and Noldorin became Sindarin, he renamed the word as lammas (initial lh changed to l. See also: Noldorin).

blâb

verb. (he) flaps, beats

The Etymologies seem to list this word as a noun, but it is clearly the third person singular of the verb

lhâf

verb. (he) licks

lhôd

verb. (he) floats

orthor

verb. (he) masters, conquers

osgar

verb. (he) cuts, amputates

síla

verb. (he) shines white

sôg

verb. (he) drinks

thia

verb. it appears

tôg

verb. (he) leads, brings

tôl

verb. (he) comes

According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien

lammas

proper name. Account of Tongues

A book by Pengolodh describing the Elvish languages, translated “Account of Tongues” (MR/415, WJ/393). It is a combination of lam “language” with the abstract-noun suffix -as.

Conceptual Development: Tolkien wrote an excerpt from this book in the 1930s, first titled Lammas but soon revised to N. Lhammas (LR/167), because [[n|initial [r-], [l-] were unvoiced]] in his conception of the languages during this time period. Later the name changed back to S. Lammas when Tolkien abandoned this particular phonetic development.

lammas

noun. account of tongues

rammas

noun. (great) wall

Lossoth

noun. the Snowmen

anfangrim

noun. the Longbeards (a tribe of Dwarves)

anglennatha

verb. (he) will approach

avo

verb. don't!

Used as a negative adverb before an imperative: avo garo "don't do it!". Sometimes used as prefix: avgaro

avon

verb. I won't

cuio

verb. live!

dagorath

noun. all the battles

drúwaith

noun. the wilderness of the Drû-men (q.v.)

falathrim

noun. people of the Falas

galadhad

noun. the Two Trees of Valinor

lâf

verb. (he) licks

lôd

verb. (he) floats

noro

verb. run! ride!

Untranslated in LotR, but written nora-lim and rendered as "ride on" in RS/196 (not a literal translation) and later translated as "run swift" in RC/195. A verb nor- is attested in the old Gnomish lexicon, PE/11:61, with the meaning "to run, roll"

pêd

verb. (he) says

rochirrim

noun. horse-lords, the people of Rohan

tôl

verb. (he) comes

According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien

ónen

noun. I gave

Written onen in some editions of LotR. In the Qenyaqetsa, Qenya anta- is marked as having an irregular past tense áne. Assuming the same sound-shifts as observed in other words, this would indeed lead to onen in Sindarin, see PE/12:31 and TT/14:48-49