Quenya 

hyar

plough

hyar noun "plough" (LT2:342)

Hyarastorni

south

Hyarastorni place-name, region in Númenor, apparently including hyar- "south" and perhaps orni "trees" (UT:210)

hyar-

verb. cleave

#hyar- vb. "cleave" (1st pers. aorist hyarin "I cleave") (SYAD). Pa.t. probably *hyandë since the R of hyar- was originally D; cf. rer- "sow", pa.t. rendë, from the root RED.

hyar-

prefix. left-hand, south

A prefix meaning either “left-hand” or “south”, depending on context (PE17/18). It is derived from the root ᴹ√KHYAR.

Quenya [PE17/018; PE17/028; UT/165] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hyarmen

south

hyarmen, Hyarmen noun "south" (SA, SA:men, KHYAR), literally "lefthand-direction" (VT49:12), since the Elves named the directions as they were to a person facing the Blessed Realm in the West Also name of tengwa #33 (Appendix E). In Hyarmendacil masc.name, "South-victor" (Appendix A), apparently also in the place-name Hyarmentir (name of a mountain; the element -tir means *"watch[ing point]".) (SA) Hyarnustar "the Southwestlands" of Númenor; Hyarrostar the "Southeastlands" (UT:165)

hyarya

left

hyarya adj. "left" (opposite of right). (KHYAR). Compare hyarma.

hyar-

verb. cleave

Quenya [PE 22:102] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

hyar

noun. plough

hyandë

hyandë

*hyandë, see hyar-

Harmen

south

[Harmen] noun "south" (MEN)(Changed to hyarmen.)

lendë

left, went

lendë vb. "left, went" (pa.t. of lelya- "go") (FS, LR:47, SD:310, WJ:362), or, according to the Etymologies, the pa.t. of lenna- "go" and lesta- "leave" (LED, ELED. In the Etymologies as printed in LR, lenna- was misread as "linna-"; see VT45:27)

Sindarin 

har-

prefix. left-hand

_pref. _left-hand, south. Q. hyar-. >> harn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:18] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

hair

noun/adjective. left (hand)

Sindarin [Ety/365, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hair

left

HAND (*hair, o chair, i chair, no distinct pl. form even with article; cited in archaic form heir, LR:365 s.v. KHYAR). Adj. LEFT also crom (lenited grom, pl. crym), with corresponding noun

hair

left hand

o chair, i chair, no distinct pl. form even with article; cited in archaic form heir, LR:365 s.v. KHYAR). Adj.

hair

left

(adj.) hair (lenited chair; no distinct pl. form); also used as noun

hair

left

(lenited chair; no distinct pl. form); also used as noun

hair

adjective. left (hand)

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

harad

noun. south

The Sindarin word for “south” based on the root ᴹ√KHYAR “left-hand” (LotR/1123; PE17/18; Ety/KHYAR). It was the “left-hand direction” since the Elves reckoned their directions while facing west, so that “south” was to the left (LotR/1123). It can also be used for “the South” as a region but without a definite article (PE23/133), that is just Harad rather than i Charad.

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s it was first given as haran (EtyAC/KHYAR).

Sindarin [LotR/1115; LotR/1123; PE17/018; PE17/088; SA/hyarmen] Group: Eldamo. Published by

harad

adjective. south

_adj. _south, southern. Q. hyarmen, hyarna. >> har-

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:18:88] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

harad

noun. south

Sindarin [Ety/365, S/432, LotR/E] Group: SINDICT. Published by

harvo

noun. left hand

Sindarin [VT/47:6] har-vaw, har-+maw. Group: SINDICT. Published by

harvo

noun. left side

Sindarin [VT/47:6] har-vaw, har-+maw. Group: SINDICT. Published by

crom

left

(lenited grom, pl. crym), with corresponding noun

crumguru

having a cunning left hand

lenited grumguru, pl. crumgyry (or crymgyry if the entire word is umlauted, but this may be unlikely) (VT45:24)

harad

south

  1. (”the South” as an area) Harad (i Charad, o Charad, 2) hâr (i châr, o châr, construct har) (also = ”left”). 3) The word Harven (i Charven, o Charven) may refer primarily to ”south” as a direction; the final element -ven means ”way”. (VT45:23). Adj.

harad

south

(i Charad, o Charad

haradren

south, southern

(lenited charadren; pl. heredrin), also harn (lenited charn, pl. hern). Note: a homophone of the latter means ”wounded”, and as noun harn also means ”helmet” (so haradren may be preferred for clarity).

haradrim

southerners, southrons

(a coll. pl., ”people of the south”)

harven

south

(i Charven, o Charven) may refer primarily to ”south” as a direction; the final element -ven means ”way”. (VT45:23). Adj.

hâr

south

(i châr, o châr, construct har) (also = ”left”).

hâr

left

(noun, the direction) hâr (i châr) (south).

hâr

left

(i châr) (south).

Noldorin 

heir

adjective. left (hand)

A word appearing as N. {hair >>} heir “left (hand)” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, the equivalent of ᴹQ. hyarya (Ety/KHYAR; EtyAC/KHYAR).

Neo-Sindarin: Most Neo-Sindarin writers update this form to ᴺS. hair as suggested in HSD (HSD), since in Sindarin ei > ai in final syllables.

Noldorin [Ety/KHYAR; EtyAC/KHYAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

harad

noun. south

Noldorin [Ety/KHYAR; EtyAC/KHYAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

crom

noun. left

Noldorin [Ety/366] Group: SINDICT. Published by

crom

adjective. left

An adjective for “left” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from ᴹ✶krumbā under the root ᴹ√KURUM (Ety/KURÚM). See N. crumguru for further discussion.

Noldorin [Ety/KURÚM] Group: Eldamo. Published by

crum

noun. left hand

Noldorin [Ety/366] Group: SINDICT. Published by

crumui

adjective. left-handed

Noldorin [Ety/366] Group: SINDICT. Published by

harad

noun. south

Noldorin [Ety/365, S/432, LotR/E] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hargam

noun. left-handed

Noldorin [Ety/365] Group: SINDICT. Published by

heir

noun/adjective. left (hand)

Noldorin [Ety/365, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Primitive elvish

kiris

root. cleave, cleave, [ᴹ√] cut, [ᴱ√] split

Primitive elvish [SA/ris] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Telerin 

þarma

noun. left-hand

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Early Quenya

hyar

noun. plough

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. hyar (hyarm-) “a plough” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√HYAŘA [HYAÐA] “plough through” (QL/41). In the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa it appeared only as its stem form hyarm- “plough” (PME/41). Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱQ. hyarma “a plough” (PE16/144).

Neo-Quenya: The form hyarma conflict with the later word Q. hyarma “left hand”. However, since the later root ᴹ√SYAD had a similar meaning “shear through, cleave” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/SYAD), I think ᴺQ. hyar “plough” can be salvaged for purposes of Neo-Quenya derived from a primitive form like ✱syadĕ.

Early Quenya [LT2A/Gurtholfin; PE16/144; PME/041; QL/041] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hyar-

verb. to plough

Early Quenya [PE16/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hyarma

noun. plough

Qenya 

hyar-

verb. to cleave, to cleave; [ᴱQ.] to plough

A verb appearing as hyarin “I cleave” in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of from the root ᴹ√SYAD “shear through, cleave” (Ety/SYAD). In the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1940s, Tolkien had an (unglossed) verbal stem hyar- also derived from ᴹ√SYAD, but in that document the root seems to mean “compact, compress”. However in the Quenya Verbal System from 1948, hyare again meant “cleave” (PE22/102). See the entry on √SYAD for further vacillations on the meaning of the root.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. hyanda- as the cognate of G. †hanna- “mow, cleave” (GL/48) likely based on the early root ᴱ√HYAŘA “plough through” [HYAÐA] (QL/41). Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱQ. hyar- “plough”, probably form the same root (PE16/144).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would keep the sense “cleave” for the basic verb despite Tolkien’s vacillations on the meaning of the root. I think it could also retain its 1920s meaning “plough” = “✱cleave the earth”.

Qenya [Ety/SYAD; PE19/045; PE22/102] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hyarya

adjective. left (hand)

A word appearing as {harya >>} hyarya “left” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root {ᴹ√KHAR >>} ᴹ√KHYAR (Ety/KHYAR). A prefixal form hyar- “left-hand” was mentioned in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1940s (PE22/51).

Qenya [Ety/KHYAR; PE22/051] Group: Eldamo. Published by

harmen

noun. south

Early Noldorin

daila-

verb. to cleave

Early Noldorin [PE13/141] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

kir

root. cleave

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KIR; EtyAC/KIR] Group: Eldamo. Published by