hyar
plough
hyar-
verb. cleave
#hyar- vb. "cleave" (1st pers. aorist hyarin "I cleave") (SYAD). Pa.t. probably *hyandë since the R of hyar- was originally D; cf. rer- "sow", pa.t. rendë, from the root RED.
hyar-
prefix. left-hand, south
A prefix meaning either “left-hand” or “south”, depending on context (PE17/18). It is derived from the root ᴹ√KHYAR.
hyar-
verb. cleave
hyar
noun. plough
kiris
root. cleave, cleave, [ᴹ√] cut, [ᴱ√] split
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
hyar
noun. plough
A noun appearing as ᴱQ. hyar (hyarm-) “a plough” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√HYAŘA [HYAÐA] “plough through” (QL/41). In the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa it appeared only as its stem form hyarm- “plough” (PME/41). Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱQ. hyarma “a plough” (PE16/144).
Neo-Quenya: The form hyarma conflict with the later word Q. hyarma “left hand”. However, since the later root ᴹ√SYAD had a similar meaning “shear through, cleave” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/SYAD), I think ᴺQ. hyar “plough” can be salvaged for purposes of Neo-Quenya derived from a primitive form like ✱syadĕ.
hyar-
verb. to plough
hyarma
noun. plough
hyarya
adjective. left (hand)
A word appearing as {harya >>} hyarya “left” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root {ᴹ√KHAR >>} ᴹ√KHYAR (Ety/KHYAR). A prefixal form hyar- “left-hand” was mentioned in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1940s (PE22/51).
hyar-
verb. to cleave, to cleave; [ᴱQ.] to plough
A verb appearing as hyarin “I cleave” in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of from the root ᴹ√SYAD “shear through, cleave” (Ety/SYAD). In the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1940s, Tolkien had an (unglossed) verbal stem hyar- also derived from ᴹ√SYAD, but in that document the root seems to mean “compact, compress”. However in the Quenya Verbal System from 1948, hyare again meant “cleave” (PE22/102). See the entry on √SYAD for further vacillations on the meaning of the root.
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. hyanda- as the cognate of G. †hanna- “mow, cleave” (GL/48) likely based on the early root ᴱ√HYAŘA “plough through” [HYAÐA] (QL/41). Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱQ. hyar- “plough”, probably form the same root (PE16/144).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would keep the sense “cleave” for the basic verb despite Tolkien’s vacillations on the meaning of the root. I think it could also retain its 1920s meaning “plough” = “✱cleave the earth”.
daila-
verb. to cleave
kir
root. cleave
hyar noun "plough" (LT2:342)