spar
root. hunt, hunt, [ᴹ√] pursue
sparā-
verb. to hunt, pursue
pharā-
verb. to hunt, pursue
pharalē
noun. hunting
fara-
verb. hunt
fara-
verb. to hunt
A verb for “to hunt” based on the root √SPAR. In the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948, Tolkien gave it as an example of an a-verb with an inherently continuative sense (PE22/113).
rauta-
verb. to hunt
rauta- vb. "to hunt" (LT1:260; in Tolkien's later Quenya rather roita-)
roimë
hunt, hunting
roimë noun "hunt, hunting" (the spelling "raime" in the entry ROY1 in the Etymologies as printed in LR is a misreading, VT46:12)
fafarra-
verb. hunt repeatedly
farastea
adjective. proper to hunt
faralë
noun. hunting
A word for “hunting”, an abstract noun formation from the verb Q. fara- “to hunt” (PE22/110, 138).
raust
hunting, preying
raust noun "hunting, preying" (LT1:260; in LotR-style Quenya rather roimë [misreading "raime" in LR:384]. Normally, LotR-style Quenya does not permit final consonant clusters.)
farale
noun. hunting
farea
adjective. hunting
raimë
network, lace
raimë noun "network, lace" (VT42:28). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, a word raimë "hunt, hunting" is also cited in the entry ROY1, but this is a misreading for roimë in Tolkien's manuscript (VT46:12)
nengwë
nose
nengwë (stem *nengwi-, given the primitive form ¤neñ-wi) noun "nose", pl. nengwi given (NEÑ-WI)
fara-
verb. to hunt
rhui(w)
noun. hunt, hunting
A noun appearing as N. rhui(w) “hunt, hunting” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√ROY “chase”, cognate to ᴹQ. roime (Ety/ROY¹). Here the initial r became voiceless rh as was usual in Noldorin, while it seems the medial m became w and then vanished.
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had similarly formed G. raust “hunt, chase”, clearly based on the early root ᴱ√RAVA that was the bases for “hunt” words in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (GL/65; QL/79; LT1A/Meássë).
Neo-Sindarin: Since the unvoicing of initial liquids did not occur in Sindarin, many people adapt this word as ᴺS. rui for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, as suggested in HSD (HSD). I would extend its meaning to “hunt, hunting, ✱chase”, to make it more distinct from “hunting” words based on [N.] fara-.
fara-
verb. to hunt
rhui
noun. hunt, hunting
rhuiw
noun. hunt, hunting
faras
noun. hunting
farad
gerund noun. hunting
faras
noun. hunting
nem
noun. nose
nem
noun. nose
A word for “nose” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, with archaic form nemb and derived from ᴹ√NEÑ-WI (Ety/NEÑ-WI), an elaboration of the shorter root ᴹ√NEÑ (EtyAC/NEÑ-WI). The mb is a result of the Old Noldorin change of labialized velars into labials (ñw > ñgw > mb), a sound change that also occurred in Sindarin.
Conceptual Development: Similar but earlier “nose” words include G. nûn {“a nostril” >>} “a nose (of men only)” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/61) and ᴱN. {nheth >>} neth “nose” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/151).
nemb
noun. nose
rui
noun. hunt, hunting
farad
hunt, hunting
isolated from the compound faradrim ✱"hunting-people" = hunters.
fara
hunt
(verb) fara-
fara
hunt
faras
hunt, hunting
pl. ferais
rui
hunt, hunting
(ruiw), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rui, idh ruiw)
faras
hunt, hunting
(noun) 1) faras, pl. ferais, 2) rui (ruiw), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rui, idh ruiw), 3) #farad, isolated from the compound faradrim *"hunting-people" = hunters.
rui
noun. hunt, hunting, *chase
bund
nose
(i mund, o mbund, construct mun) (snout, cape [of land]), pl. bynd (i mbynd)
nem
nose
- nem (pl. nim; coll. pl. nemmath), 2) bund (i mund, o mbund, construct mun) (snout, cape [of land]), pl. bynd (i mbynd)
nem
nose
(pl. nim; coll. pl. nemmath)
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
hunt
noun. nose, nostrils, snout
The noun G. hunt “nostrils, nose, snout” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, where Tolkien said it was “properly [an] old dual” (GL/50). In The Gnomish Grammar Tolkien gave it the gloss “the nose (originally nostrils)”, and specified that it was based on an old dual suffix -nt. It may have been derived from some variant of the early root ᴱ√SUHYU “breath, exhale, puff”, and may be related to ᴱQ. súma “nostril” (QL/86).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would adapt this as ᴺS. sunt “(pair of) nostrils” from the later root √SŪ “blow” as a now-obscure fossilized dual of ✱sūm(ă) (?“blow-thing”) combined with the ancient dual suffix ✶-t, where sūm-t(ă) > sunt. A single nostril would be sunneg with the singular suffix -eg. Sindarin has a similar fossilized dual form: lhaw “(pair of) ears” vs. lheweg “ear”.
rausta-
verb. to hunt, chase, pursue (only in actual sense of following game)
A word appearing as G. rausta- in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with the gloss “to hunt, chase, pursue (only in actual sense of following game)”, a verb form of G. raust “hunt, chase” (GL/65). Tolkien also had G. rautha- “hunt, chase, pursue” on the same page.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would revise these verbs to ᴺS. ruida- “to pursue, chase” based on the later root ᴹ√ROY “chase” and cognate to ᴹQ. roita- of similar meaning, but removing the sense “hunt” and its connection to game animals to make it more distinct from [N.] fara- “to hunt”. I’ve seen this Sindarin neologism proposed in several places, but I’m not sure who first coined it.
raust
noun. hunt, chase
rautha-
verb. hunt, chase, pursue
rava
root. *hunt
rauste
noun. hunting, preying, the hunt
A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “hunting, preying” based on the early root ᴱ√RAVA (QL/79). It appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “the hunt” (PME/79).
rauta-
verb. to chase, hunt, pursue; to extirpate, exterminate; to steal
A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “chase, hunt, pursue; extirpate, exterminate” based on the early root ᴱ√RAVA (QL/79). In the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s it appeared in the phrase ᴱQ. ya qensie melmur ne iksa telpe rautanéma “by whom we were told that his money had all been stolen from him”, so apparently meaning “to steal” in this document (PE14/54).
farastea
adjective. of the chase (that it is proper to hunt)
An adjectival form of faraste “hunting, the chase”, with the sense “a beast of the chase (that it is proper to hunt)” (PE22/111). In other words, it is used for beasts who are the hunted rather than the hunter.
roime
noun. hunt, hunting
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “hunt, hunting” derived from the root ᴹ√ROY “chase” (Ety/ROY¹). In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, Christopher Tolkien gave this word as raime (LR/384), but in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies, Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne clarified that the word was actually roime with an o (VT46/12).
fara-
verb. to hunt
farastea nasto
a beast of the chase (that it is proper to hunt)
farale
noun. hunting
nengwe
noun. nose
A word for “nose” in The Etymologies written around 1937, derived from ᴹ√NEÑ-WI (Ety/NEÑ-WI), an elaboration of the shorter root ᴹ√NEÑ (EtyAC/NEÑ-WI). Given its primitive form, its stem ought to be nengwi-, but in attested compounds this word is consistently nengwe-, so perhaps Tolkien changed his mind on its primitive form.
Conceptual Development: The earliest percursor to this word seems to be ᴱQ. nen (neng-) “nostril” in several documents from the 1920s (PE14/72; PE15/75; PE16/113), whose dual nenqi was also used for a “nose” of one person (PE14/76; PE15/75). In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, Tolkien had nin (ning-) “beak, nose” < ᴹ✶nengǝ (PE21/26), though this phonetic shift of short e to i is rather unusual and seems to be limited to this document.
sphara-
verb. to hunt
spharasse
noun. hunt(ing)
spar
root. hunt, pursue
sparā-
verb. hunt, pursue
roy
root. chase
neñwi
noun. nose
neth
noun. nose
nîw
noun. nose
A Doriathrin noun for “nose” derived from ᴹ✶neñwi (Ety/LIW). It is likely an example of how [[ilk|[ŋg] vanished before [w] lengthening the preceding vowel]], especially if the [[ilk|[e] first became [i] before the [ŋg]]], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/nîw).
The root ᴹ√SPAR “hunt, pursue” first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like N. faro “to hunt” and N. feredir “hunter” (Ety/SPAR). Tolkien first considered making this root ᴹ√PHAR⁽²⁾ (EtyAC/PHAR²). The root ᴹ√SPAR “hunt, pursue” reappeared in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 with the derived verb ᴹQ. fara- “hunt” (PE22/113). √SPAR “hunt” was mentioned a couple times in Tolkien’s later writings as well (PE17/83; PE18/94).