huntë

huntë

huntë, huntanë, vb., the pa.t. of húta, q.v.

fara-

verb. hunt

fara-

verb. to hunt

A verb for “to hunt” based on the root √SPAR. In the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948, Tolkien gave it as an example of an a-verb with an inherently continuative sense (PE22/113).

rauta-

to hunt

rauta- vb. "to hunt" (LT1:260; in Tolkien's later Quenya rather roita-)

roimë

hunt, hunting

roimë noun "hunt, hunting" (the spelling "raime" in the entry ROY1 in the Etymologies as printed in LR is a misreading, VT46:12)

fafarra-

verb. hunt repeatedly

faralë

noun. hunting

A word for “hunting”, an abstract noun formation from the verb Q. fara- “to hunt” (PE22/110, 138).

raust

hunting, preying

raust noun "hunting, preying" (LT1:260; in LotR-style Quenya rather roimë [misreading "raime" in LR:384]. Normally, LotR-style Quenya does not permit final consonant clusters.)

farale

noun. hunting

farea

adjective. hunting

farino

noun. hunted man, outlaw

farina

participle. fugitive, hunted

rembë

noun. mesh, net (for catching), hunter’s or fisher’s net

húta-

curse

húta- vb. "curse", pa.t. huntë or huntanë. It is unclear whether the word húna "cursed, accursed" should be regarded as the passive participle of this verb, or only as an independent (though obviously related) adjective. (PE17:149)

raimë

network, lace

raimë noun "network, lace" (VT42:28). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, a word raimë "hunt, hunting" is also cited in the entry ROY1, but this is a misreading for roimë in Tolkien's manuscript (VT46:12)

farasta

noun. hunting, the chase

rembë

mesh

rembë noun "mesh" (Appendix E, in a footnote), "hunter's or fisher's net" (VT42:29)

andamunda

elephant

andamunda noun "elephant" ("long-mouth", anda + munda) (MBUD)

cemi

earth, soil, land

cemi noun "earth, soil, land"; Cémi ("k")"Mother Earth" (LT1:257; the "Qenya" word cemi would correspond to cemen in LotR-style Quenya)

húta-

verb. to curse

kemen

earth

kemen noun "earth"; see cemen.

mar

earth

mar (1) noun "earth" (world), also "home, dwelling, mansion". Stem mard- (VT46:13, PE17:64), also seen in the ablative Mardello "from earth" (FS); the word is used with a more limited sense in oromardi "high halls" (sg. oromar, PM17:64), referring to the dwellings of Manwë and Varda on Mt. Taniquetil (Nam, RGEO:66). The initial element of Mardorunando (q.v.) may be the genitive mardo (distinguish mardo "dweller"). May be more or less identical to már "home, house, dwelling" (of persons or peoples; in names like Val(i)mar, Vinyamar, Mar-nu-Falmar, Mardil) (SA:bar, VT45:33, VT47:6). Már is however unlikely to have the stem-form mard-; a "Qenya" genitive maren appears in the phrase hon-maren, q.v., suggesting that its stem is mar-. A possible convention could therefore be to use már (mar-) for "home, house" (also when = household, family as in Mardil, q.v.), whereas mar (mard-) is used for for "earth, world". Early "Qenya" has mar (mas-) "dwelling of men, the Earth, -land" (LT1:251); notice that in LotR-style Quenya, a word in -r cannot have a stem-form in -s-.

nengwë

nose

nengwë (stem *nengwi-, given the primitive form ¤neñ-wi) noun "nose", pl. nengwi given (NEÑ-WI)

rac-

verb. to curse

racco

noun. curse

spar

root. hunt, hunt, [ᴹ√] pursue

The root ᴹ√SPAR “hunt, pursue” first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like N. faro “to hunt” and N. feredir “hunter” (Ety/SPAR). Tolkien first considered making this root ᴹ√PHAR⁽²⁾ (EtyAC/PHAR²). The root ᴹ√SPAR “hunt, pursue” reappeared in the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s with the derived verb ᴹQ. fara- “hunt” (PE22/113). √SPAR “hunt” was mentioned a couple times in Tolkien’s later writings as well (PE17/83; PE18/94).

sparā-

verb. to hunt, pursue

pharā-

verb. to hunt, pursue

pharalē

noun. hunting

keme

noun. earth

kemen

noun. earth

khū

root. curse

skū

root. curse

A root appearing Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 with variants √SKŪ, √KHŪ, glossed “curse” and with derivatives Q. húna “cursed, accursed” and Q. húta- “to curse”; it was the opposite of √AYA “revere” (PE17/149).

fara-

verb. to hunt

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “to hunt” derived from primitive ᴹ✶sparā- under the root ᴹ√SPAR “hunt, pursue” (Ety/SPAR). The root form was initially given as ᴹ√PHAR (EtyAC/PHAR²).

rhui(w)

noun. hunt, hunting

A noun appearing as N. rhui(w) “hunt, hunting” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√ROY “chase”, cognate to ᴹQ. roime (Ety/ROY¹). Here the initial r became voiceless rh as was usual in Noldorin, while it seems the medial m became w and then vanished.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had similarly formed G. raust “hunt, chase”, clearly based on the early root ᴱ√RAVA that was the bases for “hunt” words in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (GL/65; QL/79; LT1A/Meássë).

Neo-Sindarin: Since the unvoicing of initial liquids did not occur in Sindarin, many people adapt this word as ᴺS. rui for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, as suggested in HSD (HSD). I would extend its meaning to “hunt, hunting, ✱chase”, to make it more distinct from “hunting” words based on [N.] fara-.

fara-

verb. to hunt

rhui

noun. hunt, hunting

rhuiw

noun. hunt, hunting

faron

noun. hunter

A word for “hunter” in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing as an element in the name N. Elfaron “Sky-hunter”, an agental form of the verb N. fara- “to hunt” (Ety/SPAR).

feredir

noun. hunter

A word for “hunter” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, a combination of the verb N. fara- “to hunt” with the agental suffix N. -dir (Ety/SPAR). It had a (class) plural form faradrim; perhaps in this case the class plural was also used as the ordinary plural. This word shows i-affection from its suffix -dir, causing the a’s in the word to become e’s. This is unusual, especially in later Sindarin, where in “recognized compounds” the initial element of the compound did not normally undergo i-affection: compare S. randir “wanderer” with initial element from ran-.

faras

noun. hunting

farad

gerund noun. hunting

faradrim

noun. hunters

faras

noun. hunting

faron

noun. hunter

feredir

noun. hunter

annabon

noun. elephant

A noun for “elephant” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, a combination of N. ann “long” and N. bon(n) “snouted”, from primitive ᴹ✶andambundā (Ety/MBUD). Its historical development would have produced ✱✱annammonn, but Tolkien said it was with “with dissimal[itive] alter[ation] of medial mb” (EtyAC/MBUD). The similar forms {Andabund >>} Andrabonn for “elephant” appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien gave G. funt as the equivalent of ᴱQ. hunto “elephant” (QL/41).

amar

noun. earth

amar

noun. Earth

ambar

noun. earth

andabon

noun. elephant

andabund

noun. elephant

andrabonn

noun. elephant

annabon

noun. elephant

coe

noun. earth

This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies

coe

noun. earth

An indeclinable word given as {cíw >>} coe “earth” in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√KEM (Ety/KEM; EtyAC/KEM).

Possible Etymology: The primitive form of rejected cíw is given as ᴹ✶kēm and its derivation is clear: the long ē became ī and then the final m reduced to w after i as usual. The derivation of coe is more obscure, however. The likeliest explanation is that Tolkien imagined its ancient form with a slightly lowered vowel which he generally represented as ǣ in this period (in later writings as ę̄). According to the first version of the Tengwesta Qenderinwa and Comparative Vowel Tables from the 1930s (PE18/46; PE19/25), ǣ > ei > ai > ae, and in The Etymologies itself, it seems ai often became oe instead of ae.

Neo-Sindarin: Updating the derivation of hypothetical ✱kę̄m would produced ᴺS. cae in Sindarin phonology. But given the obscurity of its derivation, I recommend using 1950s S. ceven for “earth” instead.

nem

noun. nose

nem

noun. nose

A word for “nose” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, with archaic form nemb and derived from ᴹ√NEÑ-WI (Ety/NEÑ-WI), an elaboration of the shorter root ᴹ√NEÑ (EtyAC/NEÑ-WI). The mb is a result of the Old Noldorin change of labialized velars into labials (ñw > ñgw > mb), a sound change that also occurred in Sindarin.

Conceptual Development: Similar but earlier “nose” words include G. nûn {“a nostril” >>} “a nose (of men only)” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/61) and ᴱN. {nheth >>} neth “nose” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/151).

nemb

noun. nose

rui

noun. hunt, hunting

faradrim

noun. hunters

farad (ger. of fara- “hunt”) + rim (collective plural suffix)

faroth

noun. *hunting

An element in the name S. Taur-en-Faroth (S/168), untranslated in Tolkien’s later writings, though this location was described as the Hills of the Hunters in the Lays of Beleriand of the 1920s (LB/61). In The Etymologies of the 1930s the name was given as N. Taur-na-Faras, where N. faras was a noun for “hunting” under the root ᴹ√SPAR “hunt, pursue” (Ety/SPAR). It seems likely that S. faroth also means “hunting”, as an abstract noun form of the verb [N.] fara- “to hunt”.

Conceptual Development: In the first map of The Silmarillion, the Elvish name for “The Hills of the Hunters” was N. Duil Rewinion (SM/225). The word N. rewinion “of the hunters” seems to be a genitive plural, perhaps connected to N. rhui(w) “hunt, hunting” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/ROY¹).

faroth

noun. (?) hunter, (?) group of hunters

rem

noun. mesh, net (esp. for catching, hunter's or fisher's net)

farad

hunt, hunting

isolated from the compound faradrim ✱"hunting-people" = hunters.

fara

hunt

(verb) fara-

fara

hunt

faras

hunt, hunting

pl. ferais

rui

hunt, hunting

(ruiw), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rui, idh ruiw)

faras

hunt, hunting

(noun) 1) faras, pl. ferais, 2) rui (ruiw), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rui, idh ruiw), 3) #farad, isolated from the compound faradrim *"hunting-people" = hunters.

rui

noun. hunt, hunting, *chase

feredis

noun. hunter (f.)

A neologism for “huntress” coined by Fiona Jallings, modeled after N. feredir “hunter” but with a feminine agental suffix -dis.

faradrim

hunters

faradrim (*"hunting-people", a coll. pl.). The word faroth (pl. feryth) possibly refers to a group of hunters.

faroth

hunters

(pl. feryth) possibly refers to a group of hunters.

faron

hunter

(pl. feryn, coll. pl. faronnath, but the following attested form may be used instead):

feredir

hunter

1) feredir, (coll.) pl. faradrim; 2) faron (pl. feryn, coll. pl. faronnath, but the following attested form may be used instead):

feredir

hunter

(coll.) pl. faradrim

cae

noun. earth

This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies

ceven

noun. Earth

ennorath

noun. central lands, middle-earth

rhach

noun. curse

rhach

noun. curse

@@ form suggested by David Salo (GS/284)

amar

earth

(archaic Ambar), pl. Emair

annabon

elephant

annabon (lit. "long-snouted"), pl. ennebyn, coll. pl. annabonnath.

annabon

elephant

(lit. "long-snouted"), pl. ennebyn, coll. pl. annabonnath.

bund

nose

(i mund, o mbund, construct mun) (snout, cape [of land]), pl. bynd (i mbynd)

bâr

earth

(dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

cae

noun. earth

cae

earth

(i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also

ceven

earth

1) ceven (i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23), 2) (world) Amar (archaic Ambar), pl. Emair; 3) bâr (dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds. 4) (maybe ”earth” as substance) cae (i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also SOIL.

ceven

earth

(i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23)

ennor

place name. central land, middle-earth

húda-

verb. to curse

nem

nose

1) nem (pl. nim; coll. pl. nemmath), 2) bund (i mund, o mbund, construct mun) (snout, cape [of land]), pl. bynd (i mbynd)

nem

nose

(pl. nim; coll. pl. nemmath)

rem

mesh

rem (net), pl. rim (idh rim), coll. pl. remmath

rem

mesh

(net), pl. rim (idh rim), coll. pl. remmath

rhach

curse

(noun) *rhach (?i thrach or ?i rach the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhaich (?idh raich). The word is only attested in mutated form e·**rach ”of the curse” in MR:373; David Salo theorizes that this is how a word in rh- appears after the genitival article en** ”of the”.

rhach

curse

(?i thrach or ?i rach – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhaich (?idh raich). The word is only attested in mutated form e·’rach ”of the curse” in MR:373; David Salo theorizes that this is how a word in rh- appears after the genitival article en ”of the”.

dâira

noun. Earth

A noun translated as “Earth” in the final version of the Lament of Akallabêth (SD/247). It may be related to S. dôr “land”, as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynn (AAD/13).

Conceptual Development: In the Lament of Akallabêth (first draft), this noun appeared as kamāt (SD/311).