lobor

noun. horse, [heavy riding] horse

A word for “horse” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√LOP (EtyAC/LOP). It did not appear in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne reported it in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT45/28).

Conceptual Development: The similar word G. lobros “steed, horse” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/54), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√LOPO that was the basis for “horse” words in the Qenya Lexicon (QL/56). In The Etymologies, Tolkien first gave the root as ᴹ√LOB and the Noldorin form as {lum >>} lhuv, perhaps from ✱lōbo, but these were deleted and replaced by ᴹ√LOP and lobor.

Neo-Sindarin: Since Tolkien sometimes described S. roch as a “swift horse”, I’d assume lobor was a heavy riding horse or war horse.

lobor

noun. horse

roch

noun. (swift) horse

rohiroth

collective name. Horse-lords, Horse-masters

rohan

place name. Horse-land

roch

noun. horse, swift horse for riding

blâb

verb. (he) flaps, beats

The Etymologies seem to list this word as a noun, but it is clearly the third person singular of the verb

brassen

adjective. white-hot

fein

noun/adjective. white

fein

noun/adjective. cloud

lhammas

noun. account of tongues

lhâf

verb. (he) licks

lhôd

verb. (he) floats

orthor

verb. (he) masters, conquers

osgar

verb. (he) cuts, amputates

síla

verb. (he) shines white

sôg

verb. (he) drinks

thia

verb. it appears

tôg

verb. (he) leads, brings

tôl

verb. (he) comes

According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien

karab

noun. horse

A noun translated “horse”, given by Tolkien as an example of how common-nouns can be altered into masculine and feminine forms using the suffixes -û and -î: karbî “mare” and karbû “stallion” (SD/434).

roch

noun. horse

The usual word for “horse” in Sindarin, a derivative of ✶rokkō (Let/282, 382) and very well attested. There are indications that this word was more specifically a “swift horse” (Let/382; EtyAC/ROK), but in most cases Tolkien used it generically.

Conceptual Development: The first precursor to this word seems to be G. brog “horse” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/24), though at the time it had no Qenya cognates. ᴱN. brog “horse” reappeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/139), but by The Etymologies of the 1930s it had become N. roch “horse”, already with the derivation given above (Ety/ROK; EtyAC/ROK). Tolkien seems to have mainly stuck with this form thereafter.

arroch

masculine name. *Noble-horse

The name of Húrin’s horse (UT/70). The name is probably a combination of ar(a)- “noble” and roch “horse”.

rochand

place name. Rohan, Horse-country

Archaic form of the name Rohan (LotR/1115), a combination of roch “horse” and the archaic suffix †-ian(d) “land” (Let/382).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, the form (ON.?) Rochan(dor) implies a different history for this name (RS/435).

rochirrim

collective name. Horse-lords

Archaic form of the name Rohirrim, a combination of roch “horse”, hîr “lord” and the class-plural suffix -rim “land” (Let/178, UT/318).

rohan

place name. Riddermark, (lit.) Horse-country

The home of the Rohirrim, translated “Riddermark” (LotR/262) or more literally “Horse-country” (RC/241). It is a combination of roch “horse” and -(i)an “-land”, with the [[s|[x] (“ch”) softening to [h] in Gondorian pronunciation]] (LotR/1113).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this land was first named N. Thanador of unclear meaning, which underwent several revisions (Ulthanador, Borthendor, Orothan[ador]) before Tolkien settled on N. Rohan (RS/434). At this earlier stage, Tolkien posited that this name developed from (ON.?) Rochan(dor); Tolkien coined the archaic form †Rochand later, while working on the drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices (PM/53).

roheryn

proper name. Horse of the Lady

Aragorn’s horse (LotR/778), translated “Horse of the Lady” (SA/roch) or “Steed of the Lady” (PE17/97), a combination of roch “horse” and heryn “lady” (PE17/97), with the [[s|[x] (“ch”) softening to [h] in Gondorian pronunciation]].

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name was already N. Roheryn (WR/435). The name also appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s beside an older form Rocheryn (EtyAC/KHER).

rohirrim

collective name. Horse-lords

The riders of Rohan, translated “Horse-lords” (LotR/262), a combination of roch “horse”, hîr “lord” and the class-plural suffix -rim (Let/382), with the [[s|[x] (“ch”) softening to [h] in Gondorian pronunciation]] (LotR/1113).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, Tolkien first considered using N. Rohiroth (RS/440) and N. Rohirwaith (WR/22) using different suffixes for the class-plural.

Elrohir

noun. elf-horse lord

el (from CE *eldā- connected or concerned with the stars) + roch (“horse”) + hîr (“master, lord”)

Rohan (AS Rochand)

noun. horse country

roh (from roch “horse”) + and (commonly used suffix in the names of regions and countries)

Rohír

noun. horse lords

roh (from roch “horse”) + hîr (pl. of hîr “lord”)

roch na-heryna

noun. 'the horse of lady'

prop. n. 'the horse of (the) lady', Aragorn's steed given him by Arwen. >> heryna, na, Rocheruin, Rocheryn, Roheryn

rochir

noun. knight, horse-lord

rochirrim

noun. horse-lords, the people of Rohan

roch

noun. horse, swift horse for riding

rochben

noun. (horse) rider

roch heryn

Lady(’s) horse

rochir

noun. horse-lord

roch na-heryna

the horse of (the) Lady

rochon

noun. (horse) rider

roch

horse

(swift horse for riding) roch, pl. rych (idh rych) (Letters:282)

lobor

horse

lobor, analogical pl. lebyr (VT45:28)

lobor

horse

analogical pl. **lebyr **(VT45:28)

roch

horse

pl. rych (idh rych) (Letters:282)

rochben

noun. rider

There was a word rochben “rider” (of any gender) in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60, a combination of roch “horse” with the suffix -ben “person” (WJ/376). Tolkien used it as an example of how Sindarin plurals applied only to the second element of recognized compounds: pl. rochbin “riders” rather than ✱✱rechbin; compare more ancient roechbin [rœchbin] where the plural mutation applied to the entire word, and modern erphin “nobles” plural of arphen [< ✱ar-pen], which is no longer recognized as a compound.

In notes on The Ride of Eorl, Tolkien instead had rochon “rider” in the song-name Rochon Methestel “Rider of the Last Hope” (UT/313). Since this used the masculine suffix -on, this was presumably a specifically male rider, as opposed to a female rider which might be ✱rochil.

lobrob

noun. gallop; sound of horse’s feet

rochir

horse-lord

rochir (knight, rider), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rochir), coll. pl. rochirrim (UT:318, Letters:178, 282)

rochir

horse-lord

rochir (knight, rider), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rochir), coll. pl. rochirrim (UT:318, Letters:178, 282)

rochir

horse-lord

(knight, rider), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rochir), coll. pl. *rochirrim** (UT:318, Letters:178, 282)*

northa-

verb. make run

_v. _make run, specially of riding horses or other animals. Q. norta-. >> nor-

rochir

knight

rochir (rider, horse-lord), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rochir), coll. pl. rochirrim (UT:318, Letters:178, 282)

rochir

knight

(rider, horse-lord), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rochir), coll. pl. *rochirrim** (UT:318, Letters:178, 282)*

rochir

rider

(knight, horse-lord), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rochir), coll. pl. *rochirrim** (UT:318, Letters:178, 282)*

rochon

rider

1) rochon, pl. rechyn (idh rechyn), coll. pl. rochonnath (UT:313), 2) rochir (knight, horse-lord), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rochir), coll. pl. rochirrim (UT:318, Letters:178, 282)

rochon

noun. rider

raebroch

noun. zebra

Lossoth

noun. the Snowmen

anfangrim

noun. the Longbeards (a tribe of Dwarves)

anglennatha

verb. (he) will approach

arben

noun. knight

_ n. _knight. Q. arquen. i·arben na megil and 'The Knight of the Long Sword'.

arben

noun. knight

avo

verb. don't!

Used as a negative adverb before an imperative: avo garo "don't do it!". Sometimes used as prefix: avgaro

avon

verb. I won't

cuio

verb. live!

dagorath

noun. all the battles

drúwaith

noun. the wilderness of the Drû-men (q.v.)

fain

noun/adjective. white

fain

noun/adjective. cloud

falathrim

noun. people of the Falas

galadhad

noun. the Two Trees of Valinor

glân

adjective. white, [bright shining] white; [N.] clear; [G.] pure, †bright; [ᴱN.] clean

lammas

noun. account of tongues

lâf

verb. (he) licks

lôd

verb. (he) floats

nim

white

_adj. _white. >> Nimbrethil

nim

white

_adj. _white (usual word). >> nimp, nimras

nim

adjective. white

noro

verb. run! ride!

Untranslated in LotR, but written nora-lim and rendered as "ride on" in RS/196 (not a literal translation) and later translated as "run swift" in RC/195. A verb nor- is attested in the old Gnomish lexicon, PE/11:61, with the meaning "to run, roll"

pêd

verb. (he) says

rammas

noun. (great) wall

roch

noun. steed

n. Zoo. steed. >> Rocheryn

rohir

noun. knight

silivren

adjective. (white) glittering

tôl

verb. (he) comes

According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien

uilos

noun/adjective. always white, ever white as snow

uilos

noun/adjective. a small white everlasting flower also called simbelmynë or "evermind"

ónen

noun. I gave

Written onen in some editions of LotR. In the Qenyaqetsa, Qenya anta- is marked as having an irregular past tense áne. Assuming the same sound-shifts as observed in other words, this would indeed lead to onen in Sindarin, see PE/12:31 and TT/14:48-49

faen

white

(radiant). No distinct pl. form.

fain

white

; no distinct pl. form.

gloss

white as snow, dazzling white

(in compounds -los), lenited ’loss; pl. glyss.

glân

white

1) glân (clear), lenited lân, pl. glain. (UT:390, VT45:13). Note: a homophone means ”hem, border”. 2) nimp (nim-) (pale); no distinct pl. form. 3) faen (radiant). No distinct pl. form. 4) fain; no distinct pl. form.

glân

white

(clear), lenited ’lân, pl. glain. (UT:390, VT45:13). Note: a homophone means ”hem, border”.

nimp

white

(nim-) (pale); no distinct pl. form.

rochben

rider

rochben (pl. rochbin or rechbin, with article idh rochbin/rechbin), coll. pl. rochbiniath (WJ:376; the pl. rechbin is there cited in archaic form ”roechbin” = röchbin).

rochben

rider

(pl. rochbin or rechbin, with article idh rochbin/rechbin), coll. pl. rochbiniath *(WJ:376; the pl. rechbin is there cited in archaic form ”roechbin” = röchbin).*

rochon

rider

pl. rechyn (idh rechyn), coll. pl. rochonnath (UT:313)

silivren

glittering white

(lenited hilivren; pl. *silivrin**). *Verb

rocco

noun. horse

The usual word for “horse” in Quenya, a derivative of ✶rokkō (Let/282, 382; WJ/407) and very well attested. There are indications that this word was more specifically a “swift horse” (Let/382; EtyAC/ROK), but in most cases Tolkien used it generically.

Conceptual Development: ᴹQ. rokko “horse” first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√ROK, already with the derivation given above (Ety/ROK). The relevant entry appeared twice; in one rokko was first written as rokka “wheel”, and in the other the form was first written ronko, but in both cases Tolkien revised the word to rokko “horse”.

mairo

horse

mairo noun "horse" (GL:56; later sources have rocco, olombo)

olombo

horse

olombo noun "horse" (derived from a base LOB which Tolkien later changed to LOP; hence read *olompo for olombo?)

rocco

horse

rocco ("k")noun "horse" (ROK, SA:roch; Letters:382; cf. 282 where the spelling really is rocco, not rokko_). _In Letters:382 the word is defined as "swift horse for riding". VT46:12 refers to an alternative form of the entry ROK that was inserted into the Etymologies; here rocco, which Tolkien revised from ronco ("k"), was similarly glossed "swift horse". Nésë nórima rocco ("k") "he was a horse strong/swift at running" (VT49:29)

rocco

noun. horse

nésë nórima rocco

he was a horse strong/swift at running

onortanen rocco

I rode a horse

norta-

verb. make run, specially used of riding horses or other animals

norta- vb. (1) "make run, specially used of riding horses or other animals", onortanen rocco "I rode a horse", nortanen "I rode" (with ellipsis of object; the prefix o- must apparently be included if the animal one rides on is mentioned as a direct object) (PE17:168)

nuinerocco

noun. hippopotamus, (lit.) river-horse

A neologism for “hippopotamus” coined by Dírheron on Discord in 2019, a combination of nuinë “river” and rocco “horse”.

rimperocco

noun. zebra, (lit.) stripe-horse

A neologism for “zebra” coined by Dírheron on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord server in 2019, a combination of [ᴱQ.] rimpë “stripe” and Q. rocco “horse”, inspired by G. raibrog with similar elements.

tupattal

noun. horse-boot

A neologism for “horse-boot” by Fëastorno posted on 2023-05-08 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), a combination of tup- “cover” and [ᴺQ.] pattal “hoof”.

ninquë

white, chill, cold, palid

ninquë adj. "white, chill, cold, palid" (WJ:417, SA:nim, PE17:168, NIK-W - spelt "ninqe" in Etym and in LT1:266, MC:213, MC:220, GL:60), pl. ninqui in Markirya. Compounded in Ninquelótë noun "White-Flower" (SA:nim), = Sindarin Nimloth, the White Tree of Númenor; ninqueruvissë ("q") "white-horse-on" _(MC:216; this is "Qenya", read _ninqueroccossë or *ninquiroccossë in LotR-style Quenya). Normally ninquë would be expected to have the stem-form ninqui-, given the primitive form ¤ninkwi; Ninquelótë rather than *Ninquilótë must be seen as an analogical form.

fána

white

fána, fánë (1) adj. "white" (Markirya - fánë as a sg. form in may be a misreading). Compare fanya.

fána

adjective. white, white; [ᴹQ.] cloud

@@@ as suggested by Helge Fauskanger, the form fánë “white” in the Markirya poem may be a slip or misreading

fánë

adjective. white

rokkō

noun. horse, swift horse for riding

nimbi

adjective. white

nimbi

adjective. white

About Nimrodel: "Nim is evidently the Telerin word nimbi 'white'." >> Nimrais >> Nimrodel