Quenya 

hanwa

male

hanwa noun "male" (INI)

hanwa

noun. seat, seat, *chair

A noun in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) written in 1969, given as hanw̃a “seat” and derived from primitive ✶khadmā where dm became nm [χanmā] and then nw (PE22/148). Early iterations of this word also meant “chair”, so this word may have that meaning as well.

Conceptual Development: The earliest “seat” words were ᴱQ. sōra {“seat, throne” >>} “seat” and ᴱQ. sonda “seat, chair” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SOŘO [SOÐO] (QL/85-86). Tolkien revised the root to ᴱ√SORO (ÐORO) after which the form sonda was deleted. In the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa Tolkien had only ᴱQ. sonda “seat” (PME/86).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien had ᴹQ. handa “chair” under the root ᴹ√KHAD, but Tolkien revised the root to ᴹ√KHAM “sit” and the Quenya form to ᴹQ. hamma “chair” (Ety/KHAM; EtyAC/KHAM). Tolkien then introduced a new root ᴹ√KHAM “call to, summon”, saying that “KHAM sit (replacing KHAD, cancelled)”, so apparently the root for “sit” reverted back to KHAD. This is supported by the 1969 “seat” word hanwa seen above.

Cognates

  • S. hadhu “seat, seat, *chair”

Derivations

Element in

  • Q. tarhanwa “throne, (lit.) high seat” ✧ PE22/148

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
khadmā > χanmā > χanw̃ā > hanw̃a[kʰadmā] > [xadmā] > [xanmā] > [xanwā] > [hanwā] > [hanwa]✧ PE22/148

Variations

  • hanw̃a ✧ PE22/148

hanuvoitë

male

hanuvoitë adj.? "male" (prob. adj. rather than noun; the word as such is not clearly glossed, but connects with hanu "a male") (INI)

sonda

seat

sonda noun "seat" (QL:85)

Sindarin 

anu

adjective. male

A literal interpretation of the Etymologies would class this word as a noun, but David Salo notes that the punctuation in The Etymologies is not always reliable. Noldorin anw cannot be cognate to the Quenya noun hanu (3anû) because the final -u would drop. It must rather be cognate to the Quenya adjective hanwa (3anwâ) attested under the stem INI, where it is also stated that inw, corresponding to Quenya inya "female", has been remodelled after anw. The combination of these two entries, along with the phonological evidences, clearly indicates that anw is actually an adjective

Sindarin [Ety/360, X/W] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hadhu

noun. seat, seat, *chair

A word appearing as haðw “seat” in Late Notes on Verb Structure from 1969 derived from primitive ✶khadmā (PE22/148). In more typical Sindarin orthography it would be hadhu. Based on earlier versions of this word, it may mean “✱chair” as well (see below).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. dorn “seat” (GL/19), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√ÐORO “sit” (QL/85). In Early Noldorin Word-lists this became ᴱN. {hód >>} haud “seat” (PE13/147).

A draft entry to The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. hand “seat” and N. hanw “chair” derived from the root ᴹ√KHAD (EtyAC/KHAM). Tolkien updated this root form to ᴹ√KHAM “sit” with a noun form N. ham or hanw, with a hard-to-read gloss that was probably “?chair” (Ety/KHAM; EtyAC/KHAM). Tolkien then created yet another root ᴹ√KHAM “call to, summon”, saying that “KHAM sit (replacing KHAD, cancelled)”, so apparently the root for “sit” reverted back to KHAD. This is supported by the 1969 “seat” word haðw seen above.

Cognates

  • Q. hanwa “seat, seat, *chair”

Derivations

Element in

  • S. arahadhw “throne, (lit.) high seat” ✧ PE22/148

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
khadmā > chaðw > haðw[kʰadmā] > [kʰadma] > [xadma] > [xaðma] > [xaðm] > [haðm] > [haðv] > [haðw] > [haðu]✧ PE22/148

Variations

  • haðw ✧ PE22/148
Sindarin [PE22/148] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anu

male

(adj.) *anu, analogical pl. eny. (Archaic anw, pl. ?einw)

anu

male

analogical pl. eny. (Archaic anw, pl. ?einw)

Primitive elvish

khadmā

noun. seat

Derivations

Derivatives

  • Q. hanwa “seat, seat, *chair” ✧ PE22/148
  • S. hadhu “seat, seat, *chair” ✧ PE22/148
  • S. hadhwa- “to seat” ✧ PE22/148
Primitive elvish [PE22/148] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wonā

adjective. male

Derivations

  • OWO “masculine” ✧ PE21/83

Variations

  • ʒōnā ✧ PE21/83 (ʒōnā)
Primitive elvish [PE21/83] Group: Eldamo. Published by

n-uĕg

suffix. male

Primitive elvish [PE17/190] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

anw

adjective. male

A literal interpretation of the Etymologies would class this word as a noun, but David Salo notes that the punctuation in The Etymologies is not always reliable. Noldorin anw cannot be cognate to the Quenya noun hanu (3anû) because the final -u would drop. It must rather be cognate to the Quenya adjective hanwa (3anwâ) attested under the stem INI, where it is also stated that inw, corresponding to Quenya inya "female", has been remodelled after anw. The combination of these two entries, along with the phonological evidences, clearly indicates that anw is actually an adjective

Noldorin [Ety/360, X/W] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hand

noun. seat

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. handa “chair” ✧ EtyAC/KHAM

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KHAD ✧ EtyAC/KHAM

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KHAD > hand[kʰanda] > [xanda] > [xand] > [hand]✧ EtyAC/KHAM
Noldorin [EtyAC/KHAM] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

hanwa

adjective. male

A word appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the gloss “male” (Ety/INI), an adjectival form of the noun ᴹQ. hanu “male” (Ety/ƷAN).

Cognates

  • N. anw “male (person or animal)” ✧ Ety/INI

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ƷAN “male” ✧ Ety/INI

Elements

WordGloss
hanu“male, man (of Men or Elves), male animal”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ƷAN > hanwa[ɣanwa] > [hanwa]✧ Ety/INI

Middle Primitive Elvish

ʒan

root. male

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “male” and used in this sense for both people and animals (Ety/ƷAN). Its principle derivatives are ᴹQ. hanu/N. anw “male (person or animal)”, so it might more properly be ✱ᴹ√ƷAN+U.

Derivatives

  • Ilk. ganu “male (person or animal)” ✧ Ety/ƷAN
  • ᴹQ. hanu “male, man (of Men or Elves), male animal” ✧ Ety/ƷAN; Ety/INI
  • ᴹQ. hanwa “male” ✧ Ety/INI
  • ᴹQ. -ando “agent (male)” ✧ Ety/ƷAN
  • N. anw “male (person or animal)” ✧ Ety/INI; Ety/ƷAN
  • On. anu “a male (person or animal)” ✧ Ety/ƷAN
    • N. anw “male (person or animal)” ✧ Ety/ƷAN
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ƷAN; Ety/INI; Ety/NĪ¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

dorn

noun. seat

Cognates

Derivations

Element in

Gnomish [GL/19; GL/30] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwegwed

adjective. male

A word in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “male”, an adjectival form of G. gweg “man” (GL/44).

Early Noldorin

haud

noun. seat

Changes

  • hódhaud ✧ PE13/147

Derivations

  • ᴱ√HAÐA “cleave, remain”

Element in

  • En. turhod “throne” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. orhod “seatless” ✧ PE13/156

Variations

  • hód ✧ PE13/147 (hód)
Early Noldorin [PE13/147; PE13/155; PE13/156] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

via

adjective. male

An adjective in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s glossed “male”, likely related to ᴱQ. vie “teors” [= “✱penis”] (PE16/135).

Early Quenya [PE16/135] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sóra

noun. seat

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ÐORO “sit” ✧ QL/085; QL/086

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ÐORO > sōra[ðōrā] > [ðōra] > [sōra]✧ QL/085
ᴱ√SOŘO > sōra[sōðā] > [sōða] > [sōza] > [sōra]✧ QL/086

Variations

  • sōra ✧ QL/085; QL/086 (sōra)
Early Quenya [QL/085; QL/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by