rama-

to shout

rama- vb. "to shout" (LT1:259)

pahta

speech

pahta (2) noun "speech", i.e. language (PE17:126); accompanied by the intransitive verb pakta- "speak, talk", which would be *pahta- in Quenya, of which the transitive equivalent is quet-, q.v. The intransitive verb "speak" is also given as carpa-, q.v.

pahta

noun. speech

Cognates

• S. paeth “speech” ✧ PE17/126

Derivations

• √PAKAT “*talk, speech” ✧ PE17/126

Element in

• ᴺQ. pahtalanga “interpretation”
• Q. úpahtëa “speechless” ✧ PE17/126

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√PAKAT > pahta	[paktā] > [paxtā] > [paxta]	✧ PE17/126

Variations

• pahta ✧ PE17/126

quenya

speech

quenya noun (original adj.) "speech" (PM:399); the language-name Quenya is said to mean properly "language, speech" (WJ:393); cf. the phrase coirëa quenya "living speech" (PM:399).However, Quenya (archaic Quendya, still so in Vanyarin) is also interpreted "Elvish" (Letters:176), sc. the adjective corresponding to Quendi (WJ:374), but it was no longer used as a general adjective. Quenya lambë"Quenya tongue" (WJ:407). The command queta Quenya! "speak Quenya!" was used in the sense of "speak precisely and intelligibly, put into actual words" (instead of using hand signs or looks); the word Quenya is here used adverbially (PE17:138). The variant queta quenyā (PE17:137) appears to use the distinct accusative (formed by lengthening a final vowel) known from "Book Quenya".

tévië

hatred

tévië noun "hatred" (LT1:268; according to QL:90 the first vowel should be long)

orco

noun. Orc

This word was adapted from its Sindarin cognate orch, since the Noldor did not encounter orcs until they returned to Middle-earth (WJ/390). There are two attested plurals for this word, orqui and orcor. One possible scenario is that the word was at first treated as a u-stem noun by analogy with urco (urcu-), but later as the two words were disassociated, the declension of orco was regularized and treated as an ordinary vocalic noun.

This is the theory followed here, so that orcor is considered the regular plural and orqui archaic, probably active only in the First Age. If you use the orqui plural, you should also treat this as a u-stem noun (orcu-). @@@

Cognates

• S. orch “Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin” ✧ PE17/047; WJ/390
• Bs. uruk “Orc” ✧ PE17/047
• Wes. orka “orc” ✧ PE17/047

Derivations

• S. orch “Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin” ✧ PE17/047; WJ/390
  • ✶urku/urkō “orc” ✧ WJ/390
  • √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389
  • ✶urkā “horrible” ✧ WJ/390
  • √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389

Variations

• orko ✧ WJ/390
• Orko ✧ WJI/Orc(s)

hollë

noun. shout

Derivations

• √KHOL “crow, cry aloud”

glam

noun. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise

glam

noun. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts

glam

noun. any body of Orcs

glam

noun. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts, din, uproar, bellowing of beasts, [N.] shouting, confused noise; barbarous speech; [ᴱN.] hatred, [G.] loathing, fierce hate

Derivations

• √LAM “(inarticulate voiced) sound” ✧ WJ/416

Element in

• S. Glamhoth “Orcs, (lit.) Din-horde, Host of Tumult” ✧ WJ/391
• S. glamog “orc” ✧ WJ/391

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√LAMA > glamb > glamm > glam	[glamb] > [glamm] > [glamm] > [glam]	✧ WJ/416

Variations

• Glam ✧ WJ/391

glamb

noun. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise

glamb

noun. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts

glamb

noun. any body of Orcs

glamm

noun. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise

glamm

noun. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts

glamm

noun. any body of Orcs

glamog

noun. orc

Element in

• S. Glamdring “Foe-hammer” ✧ WJ/391
• S. Glamhoth “Orcs, (lit.) Din-horde, Host of Tumult” ✧ WJI/Glamhoth

Variations

• Glamog ✧ WJI/Glamhoth

orch

noun. Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin

Cognates

• Ad. uruk “orc, goblin” ✧ WJ/390
• Bs. uruk “Orc” ✧ WJ/390; Let/178; PE17/052
• Kh. rukhs “Orc” ✧ WJ/390
• Q. orco “Orc” ✧ PE17/047; WJ/390
• Nan. urch “Orc” ✧ PE17/054

Derivations

• ✶urku/urkō “orc” ✧ WJ/390
  • √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389
• ✶urkā “horrible” ✧ WJ/390
  • √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389

Derivatives

• Q. orco “Orc” ✧ PE17/047; WJ/390

Element in

• ᴺS. erchion “orchish”
• S. Orcrist “Orc-cleaver”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶urkō > orch	[urkō] > [urko] > [urkʰo] > [urxo] > [orxo] > [orx]	✧ WJ/390
✶urkā > orch	[urkā] > [urka] > [urkʰa] > [urxa] > [orxa] > [orx]	✧ WJ/390
✶urkō > Yrch	[urkī] > [urki] > [urkʰi] > [urxi] > [orxi] > [urxi] > [yrxi] > [yrx]	✧ WJ/390

Variations

• Orch ✧ WJ/390; WJI/Orc(s)

paeth

noun. speech

probably related to Q. pahta 'speech'. >> Golodhbaeth

paeth

noun. speech

Cognates

• Q. pahta “speech” ✧ PE17/126

Derivations

• √PAKAT “*talk, speech” ✧ PE17/126

Element in

• S. Golodhbaeth “*Noldor-speech” ✧ PE17/126
• S. paeth e Ngolodhrim “*speech of the Noldor” ✧ PE17/126; PE17/126
• ᴺS. paethron “orator”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√PAKAT > paeth	[paktā] > [pakta] > [paktʰa] > [paxθa] > [paiθa] > [paiθ] > [paeθ]	✧ PE17/126

orch

orc

(pl. yrch, archaic †yrchy, coll. pl. orchoth). (RGEO:66, Names:171, Letters:178, MR:195; WJ:390-91, VT46:7). Other terms:  1) urug (monster, bogey), pl. yryg, 2) glamog (i ’lamog), pl. glemyg (in glemyg) (WJ:391), 3) ”

glam

shouting

(i ’lam) (din, uproar, confused yelling of beasts; tumult, confused noise; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath

glam

shouting

glam (i **lam) (din, uproar, confused yelling of beasts; tumult, confused noise; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath**

glam

din

glam (i **lam) (uproar, tumult, confused yelling of beasts; shouting, confused noise; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath **

glam

din

(i ’lam) (uproar, tumult, confused yelling of beasts; shouting, confused noise; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath

glam

uproar

glam (i **lam) (din, tumult, confused yelling of beasts; shouting, confused noise; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath**

glam

uproar

(i ’lam) (din, tumult, confused yelling of beasts; shouting, confused noise; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath

glam

yelling

(confused yelling of beasts) glam (i **lam) (din, uproar, tumult; shouting, confused noise; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath**.

glam

yelling

(i ’lam) (din, uproar, tumult; shouting, confused noise; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath.

glam

beasts, confused noise/yelling of

glam (i **lam) (din, uproar, tumult; shouting, confused noise; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath**

glam

confused noise, confused yelling of beasts

glam (i **lam) (din, uproar, tumult; shouting; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath**

glam

confused noise, confused yelling of beasts

glam (i **lam) (din, uproar, tumult; shouting; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath**

glam

tumult

glam (i **lam) (din, uproar, confused yelling of beasts; shouting, confused noise; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath**. ”

glam

tumult

(i ’lam) (din, uproar, confused yelling of beasts; shouting, confused noise; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath. ”

glam

body of orcs

(i ’lam) (din, uproar, tumult, confused yelling of beasts; shouting, confused noise), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath

glam

beasts, confused noise/yelling of

(i ’lam) (din, uproar, tumult; shouting, confused noise; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath

glam

confused noise, confused yelling of beasts

(i ’lam) (din, uproar, tumult; shouting; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath

glamhoth

yelling-horde

(a term for Orcs, also translated ”host of tumult”). (UT:54, MR:109, 195;

glamhoth

host of tumult

(a term for Orcs, also translated ”Yelling-horde”) (UT:54, MR:109, 195;

glamhoth

host of tumult

(a term for Orcs, also translated ”Yelling-horde”). (UT:54, MR:109, 195;

can

shout

(i gân, i chenir) (cry out, call). Adj.

caun

shout

(i gaun, o chaun) (clamour, outcry, cry), pl. coen (i choen), coll. pl. conath, the latter is used = "lamentation" (PM:345, 362). Note: a homophone of caun means "valour".

tevas

noun. hatred

Elements

Word	Gloss
tev-	“to detest, hate”

urch

noun. Orc

Cognates

• S. orch “Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin” ✧ PE17/054

uruk

noun. Orc

Cognates

• S. orch “Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin” ✧ WJ/390; Let/178; PE17/052
• Q. orco “Orc” ✧ PE17/047

Derivations

• ✶urku/urkō “orc” ✧ WJ/390
  • √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389

Element in

• Bs. Uruk-hai “Orc-folk” ✧ WJI/Uruk

Variations

• Uruks ✧ LotR/0324; LotRI/Uruks
• uruks ✧ SD/033
• Uruk ✧ WJI/Uruk

rûkh

noun. shout

A word glossed “shout” (SD/426). Andreas Moehn suggested (EotAL/RUKH) that it may be a verb rûkh- “to shout”, but it appears in a list of nouns, so I think it likelier that it is noun form.

Variations

• rūkh ✧ SD/426

rukhs

noun. Orc

Cognates

• S. orch “Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin” ✧ WJ/390

Derivations

• ✶urku/urkō “orc” ✧ WJ/390
  • √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389

Variations

• Rukhs ✧ WJ/391
• Rúkhs ✧ WJI/Rúkhs

urku/urkō

noun. orc

Derivations

• √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389

Derivatives

• Ad. uruk “orc, goblin” ✧ WJ/390
• Bs. uruk “Orc” ✧ WJ/390
• Kh. rukhs “Orc” ✧ WJ/390
• Q. urco “bogey, orc” ✧ WJ/390
• S. orch “Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin” ✧ WJ/390
  • Q. orco “Orc” ✧ PE17/047; WJ/390
• S. urug “bogey” ✧ WJ/390

Variations

• uruk ✧ WJ/390
• urku/uruku ✧ WJ/390
• urkō ✧ WJ/390

glamb

noun. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise

glamb

noun. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts

glamb

noun. any body of Orcs

glamm

noun. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise

glamm

noun. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts

glamm

noun. any body of Orcs