cova-

verb. gather

weak intr. v. gather, assemble, come to same place, meet. mae-govannen 'well met'. This gloss was rejected.

cova-

verb. to come together, meet; to gather, assemble

hosta-

verb. to gather, collect

cen

verb. see

cen- (i gên, i chenir), also tíra- (i díra, i thírar), the latter rather meaning “watch”. SEEING #cened (i gened) (sight), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see mirror, SEEING STONE *gwachaedir (*i 'wachaedir) (palantír), no distinct pl. form. except with article (in gwachaedir); coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch (PM:186)

cova-

verb. come together

_ v. _come together, meet. _cova _come together, meet << cova(d) bring.

tíra-

verb. to see

tírad

gerund noun. to see, for the seing

cen

see

(i** gên, i** chenir), also tíra- (i** díra, i** thírar), the latter rather meaning “watch”.

cened

seeing

(i gened) (sight), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see MIRROR.

gwachaedir

seeing stone

(i ’wachaedir) (palantír), no distinct pl. form. except with article (in gwachaedir); coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch (PM:186) ****

ahosta

verb. assemble, gather

A verb occurring in the Markirya poem, consists of prefix a- and verb hosta- (gather).

Tolkien noted: "When the bare stem of the verb is used (as after 'see' and 'hear') as infinitive na- [changed to a-] is prefixed if the noun is the object not the subject". In man cenuva lumbor ahosta (changed from na-hosta), "who shall see the clouds gather"

sanganë

gather

sanganë vb.? "gather" (MC:214; this is "Qenya")

man cenuva lumbor ahosta?

Who shall see the clouds gather?

The twenty-third line of the Markirya poem (MC/222). The first word is man “who” followed the future tense of cen- “to see”. The object of the phrase is the subordinate clause lumbor ahosta “clouds gather”, with the plural of the noun lumbo “[dark] cloud” followed by the infinitive of the verb hosta- “to gather”. The prefix a- in ahosta marks the infinitive as an object of the primary verb “see” rather than its subject.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> man cen-uva lumbo-r a-hosta = “✱who see-(future) cloud-(plural) (object)-gather”

Conceptual Development: In the first draft, Tolkien used na- for the object-prefix, which he retained initially in the second draft before changing it to a- (MC/222).

ócom-

verb. to gather, assemble

An intransitive verb appearing as ókome “gathers, assembles” in notes from around 1959-60 based on √KOM “gather, collect” (PE17/158). A rejected section of the same notes has okom- “assemble (intransitive)” along with some past and perfect forms (PE17/157).

comya-

verb. gather, assemble

comya- ("k")vb. "gather, assemble" (transitive)(PE17:158)

hosta-

verb. gather, collect, assemble

hosta- vb. "gather, collect, assemble" (Markirya), "gather hastily together, pile up" (PE17:39), hostainiéva "will be gathered", future tense of the stative verb *hostainië*, derived from hostaina "gathered", past participle of hosta- "gather". Such stative verbs are probably not conceptually valid in Tolkien's later Quenya; see -ië**. (FS)

ócom-

verb. gather, assemble

#ócom- vb. "gather, assemble" (intransitive)(PE17:157, 158). Cited in the form ócomë "gathers, assembles", evidently an endingless aorist. Perfect ócómië given.

hostaitë

adjective. able to gather

a-

see

a- (2) a prefix occurring in the Markirya poem (Tolkien first used na-, then changed it). It may be prefixed to verbal stems following a noun that is the object of sense-verbs like "see" and "hear" when the verb it is prefixed to describes what happens to this noun, as in man cenuva lumbor ahosta[?] (changed from na-hosta), "who shall see the clouds gather?" (hosta = "gather").

cen-

verb. see, behold

cen- ("k")vb. "see, behold", future tense cenuva ("kenuva") "shall see" in Markirya. Imperative cena ("k"), VT47:31.Also #cen = noun "sight" as the final element of some nouns (*apacen, tercen, q.v.) Compare the root KHEN-, KEN-, KYEN- "look at, see, observe, direct gaze" (VT45:21)

cenya

verb. see, perceive

tunta-

see, notice, perceive

tunta- "see, notice, perceive", pa.t. túne (QL:95)

véla

verb. see

véla (2) vb. "see" (Arct); present/continuative tense of a verbal stem #vel-? The context of the sentence where it occurs ("till I see you next") suggests that this is "see" in the sense of "meet".

>> yomenië

kom

root. gather, collect

A root Tolkien invented to explain S. mae govannen “well met”, serving as the basis for the verb S. covad(a)- “bring together, make meet” (PE17/16, 157-158). Tolkien gave this root as both √KOB and √KOM, but some of its Quenya derivatives can only be derived from √KOM: Q. comya- “to collect” and Q. ócom- “to gather, assemble”. For Tolkien’s earlier conceptions on the foundations for mae govannen, see the entry on √BA(N).

khotta

verb. gather hastily together, pile up

kob

root. gather, collect

cen-

verb. to see