Quenya 

et

out

et prep. (and adv.?) "out", when followed by ablative "out of" (VT45:13) or literally "out from", as in EO: et Eärello "out of the Great Sea"; cf. also et sillumello "from this hour" in VT44:35. Et i pe/péti, untranslated phrase, perhaps "out of the mouth" (VT47:35). Prefixet- "forth, out" (ET), also in longer form ete- (as in etelehta, eteminya); verb ettuler "are coming forth" (ettul- = et + tul-). (SD:290; read probably *ettulir or continuative *ettúlar in Tolkien's later Quenya). The forms etemmë and etengwë (VT43:36) seem to incorporate pronominal suffixes for "us", hence ?"out of us", inclusive and exclusive respectively. The pronoun -mmë denoted plural inclusive "we" when this was written, though Tolkien would later make it dual exclusive instead (see -mmë). Second person forms are also given: etelyë, etellë ?"out of you", sg. and pl. respectively (Tolkien would later change the ending for pl. "you" from -llë to -ldë).

et

preposition. out (of)

Derivations

  • ET “out, forth”

Element in

Variations

  • Et ✧ LotR/0967; PE17/103
Quenya [LotR/0967; PE17/103; VT43/36; VT43/38; VT44/35; VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

etya

exiled noldor

#etya adj. initial element of Etyangoldor "Exiled Noldor", literal meaning likely something like "outer" or "outside" as adjective; compare preposition et.

etellë

etellë

etellë, see et

etelyë

etelyë

etelyë, see et

etemmë

etemmë

etemmë, see et

ettul-

come forth

#ettul- vb. "come forth", attested in the form ettuler *"are coming forth" (ettul- = et + tul-). Read probably *ettulir* or continuative ettúlar** in Tolkien's later Quenya. (SD:290)

le

you

le, pronominal element "you", (originally) the "reverential 2nd person sing" (RGEO:73, VT49:56). However, singular le was apparently altered to lye (q.v.), and le took on a plural significance (le for pl. "you" is apparently derived from de, the ancient 2nd person pl. stem, VT49:50-51). Stressed (VT49:51), dual let "the two of you" (ibid.). At certain points in Tolkiens conception, le was still sg. "thou" rather than pl. "you". It is attested as an ending in the imperative form antalë "give thou" (VT43:17); see anta-. The form ólë in VT43:29 apparently means *"with thee"; according to Tolkiens later system, it would rather mean "with you" (pl.) Compare aselyë "with thee" (sg.) in a later source (see as).

etengwë

etengwë

etengwë, see et

tye

you, thou, thee

tye pron. "you, thou, thee", 2nd person intimate/familar (LR:61, 70, Arct, VT49:36, 55), corresponding to formal/polite lye. According to VT49:51, tye was used as an endearment especially between lovers, and (grand)parents and children also used it to address one another ("to use the adult lye was more stern"). Tyenya "my tye", used = "dear kinsman" (VT49:51). The pronoun tye is derived from kie, sc. an original stem ki with an added -e(VT49:50). Stressed tyé; dual tyet "the two of you" (VT49:51 another note reproduced on the same page however states that tye has no dual form, and VT49:52 likewise states that the 2nd person familiar "never deleloped" dual or plural forms). Compare the reflexive pronoun intyë "yourself". Possibly related to the pronominal stem KE (2nd person sg.), if tye represents earlier *kye.

-ldë

you

-ldë (1) pronominal suffix "you", 2nd person pl. (VT49:51; carildë *"you do", VT49:16). This ending Tolkien revised from -llë in earlier sources (VT49:48, cf. PE17:69).

-llë

you

-llë (2) abandoned pronominal ending "you", 2nd person pl. (VT49:48); Tolkien later revised this ending to -ldë.

-lyë

you, thou

-l or -lyë (VT49:48, 51), pronominal endings for 2nd person sg. polite/formal "you, thou": caril or carilyë *"you do" (VT49:16), hamil "you judge" (VT42:33), anel "you were" (see #1); see -lyë for further examples. These endings may also be added to pronouns (etel/etelyë or mil, milyë; see et, mi). In one source, -l is rather used as a reduced affix denoting plural "you"; see heca! (WJ:364)

-ndë

you

[#-ndë (2) pronominal suffix for dual "you", as in carindë *"you (two) do". Tolkien changed the ending to -stë (VT49:33)]

-stë

you

-stë "you", 2nd person dual pronominal ending (VT49:51, 53), e.g. caristë "the two of you do" (VT49:16). Tolkien first wrote carindë, but changed the ending (VT49:33). The ending -stë is derived from earlier -dde (VT49:46, 51). An archaic ending of similar form could also be the third person dual, "the two of them" (but see -ttë #1).

-tyë

you

-t (3) reduced pronominal affix of the 2. person, "you" (sg.), the long form being -tyë (both endings are listed in VT49:48). See heca regarding the example hecat (WJ:364). However, in a later source, Tolkien denies that -tyë has any short form (VT49:51, 57). The status of the ending -t is therefore doubtful.

-tyë

you, thou

-tyë pronominal ending "you, thou" (VT49:48, 51), 2nd person familiar/intimate: carityë *"you do" (VT49:16; the corresponding formal/polite ending is -l, -lyë, cf. PE17:135 where Tolkien states that hiruvalyë "thou shalt find" from Namárië would be hiruvatyë if the polite pronoun were replaced by the familiar one). Compare the independent pronoun tye. In VT49:51, Tolkien denies that the ending -tyë has any short form (see, however, -t # 3). Cf. natyë "you are"; see #1. Compare tye, -tya.

Etyangoldi

exiled noldor

Etyangoldi ("ñ")noun "Exiled Noldor" _(WJ:374). _Sg. probably *Etyangol* (with stem Etyangold**-).

alyë

you

alyë imperative particle with ending -lyë "you"; see a #3.

ilcë

you

ilcë ("k") (2) *"you", emphatic pronoun of the 2nd person pl. familiar, apparently a form abandoned by Tolkien. An alternative form incë was also listed; a query appears between the forms (VT49:48).

incë

you

incë ("k") *"you", emphatic pronoun for 2nd person pl. familiar, apparently a form abandoned by Tolkien. It is listed as an alternative to ilcë in the source, a query appearing between the forms (VT49:48, 49). The word could also be read as intë (VT49:49)

-ntyë

you

[-ntyë "you", abandonded pronominal ending for 2nd person pl. familiar (VT49:49)]

-llo

you

[-llo (2) "you", dual; abandoned pronominal ending. Also written -illo. (VT49:49)]

Sindarin 

de

pronoun. you

Sindarin [PE17/026] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-d

suffix. you

2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -star.See paradigm PE17:132.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:132] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

-dh

suffix. you

{ð} 2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -star.See paradigm PE17:132.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:132] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

-dh

suffix. you

{ð} 2nd sg. pron. suff. #you. Q. -tar.See paradigm PE17:132.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:132] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

-dhir

suffix. you

{ð} 2nd pl. pron. suff. #you. Q. -ltar.See paradigm PE17:132.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:132] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

e

out

e, ed (away, forth); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition: (WJ:367)

e

out

ed (away, forth); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition:

Telerin 

de

pronoun. you

Derivations

  • le “you (sg.)” ✧ VT49/50

Primitive elvish

et

root. out, forth

The various roots for “out” retained similar forms in Tolkien’s development of the Elvish languages. The earliest such roots were ᴱ√ERE and ᴱ√ESE “out” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/36). Tolkien wrote a Ð above ᴱ√ERE indicating its true form was ᴱ√EÐE, as confirmed by Gnomish derivatives like G. edh “outside, near borders of, near, hard by, beside” (GL/31). This root became ᴹ√ET “out, forth” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/ET) and it continued to appear with this form and meaning in Tolkien’s later writings (PE17/152, 167; PE18/88; PE21/70; VT48/25).

Derivatives

  • et “out (of), forth”
    • S. ed “out, out of, out, out of, [N.] forth” ✧ WJ/367
  • ᴺQ. eccan- “to proclaim, assert, (lit.) forth-call out”
  • Q. et “out (of)”
  • ᴺQ. etil “ivy”
  • ᴺS. edol “ivy”
  • ᴺS. edren “outer”
  • ᴺS. eth “outside”

Element in

  • ektel- “to spring out (of water), spurt out, gush”
  • etkuinu- “to awake, wake up”
  • ᴺQ. ehten “outlook, sight, view, spectacle”
  • ᴺQ. esta “outwards”
  • ᴺS. echuia- “to awaken, wake up (intr.)”
  • ᴺS. echuida- “to wake up (trans.), waken, rouse”
  • S. ephed- “to say out” ✧ PE17/167
  • S. estola- “to encamp, *erect tents”
  • ᴺS. ethiria- “to flow out”
  • ᴺS. ethog- “to lead out, *bring out”
  • ᴺS. etholtha- “to extract, make come out”

Variations

  • ETE ✧ PE18/088
  • et ✧ PE21/70
Primitive elvish [PE17/152; PE17/167; PE18/088; PE21/70; VT48/25] Group: Eldamo. Published by

et

preposition. out (of), forth

Derivations

  • ET “out, forth”

Derivatives

  • S. ed “out, out of, out, out of, [N.] forth” ✧ WJ/367

Element in

  • etkat- “to form, (lit.) out-shape, to form, [ᴹ✶] fashion, [✶] (lit.) out-shape” ✧ PE17/042
  • et-kelē “spring, issue of water”
  • etkoiru- “to come to life”
  • etlendā “exiled” ✧ PE17/051
  • etr- “open (intransitive)” ✧ PE17/045
  • S. edraith “rescue, saving” ✧ PE17/038
  • S. ethir “mouth of a river, (lit.) outflow” ✧ SA/sîr

Variations

  • e(t) ✧ PE17/024
Primitive elvish [PE17/024; PE17/038; PE17/042; PE17/045; PE17/051; SA/sîr; WJ/367] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

et

preposition. out of

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ET “out, forth”

Element in

  • ᴹQ. ekkoita- “to awake”
  • ᴹQ. et- “forth, out”
  • ᴹQ. et Ëarello Endorenna nilendie “Out of the Great Sea to Middle-earth have I come” ✧ SD/056; SD/056
  • ᴹQ. etsir “mouth of a river, mouth of a river, *(lit.) outflow”
  • ᴹQ. etya “exiled”

Variations

  • Et ✧ SD/056
Qenya [EtyAC/ET; SD/056] Group: Eldamo. Published by

le

pronoun. you

Element in

Variations

  • le ✧ PE22/106; PE22/118; PE22/119; PE22/120; PE22/124; PE22/127
  • ✧ PE22/124
Qenya [PE22/106; PE22/118; PE22/119; PE22/120; PE22/123; PE22/124; PE22/127] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

et-

prefix. out

Element in

  • On. etled- “to go abroad” ✧ Ety/LED
Old Noldorin [Ety/LED] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

et

root. out, forth

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶et “out, forth”
  • ᴹ√ETER “open, come out (of flowers, sun, etc.)” ✧ Ety/ETER
    • N. edra- “to open” ✧ Ety/ETER
  • ᴹQ. et “out of”
  • ᴹQ. et- “forth, out” ✧ Ety/ET
  • ᴹQ. etse “outside, exterior” ✧ Ety/ET
  • ᴹQ. ette “outside” ✧ Ety/ET
  • N. ed- “forth, out” ✧ Ety/ET

Element in

  • ᴹ✶ektel- “to gush”
  • ᴹ✶etkat- “to fashion”
  • ᴹ✶etsiri “mouth of a river” ✧ Ety/ET

Variations

  • ETE ✧ PE18/038
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ET; Ety/ETER; PE18/038] Group: Eldamo. Published by

et

preposition. out, forth

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ET “out, forth”

Element in

  • ᴹ✶ektelu- “to well, bubble up, gush forth” ✧ PE22/114
  • ᴹ✶et-kelē “spring, issue of water”
  • ᴹ✶etkoitu- “to bud, open (of flowers and leaves)” ✧ PE22/114 (et-koi-tu)

Variations

  • ete/et- ✧ PE22/114
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/55; PE22/114] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eter

root. open, come out (of flowers, sun, etc.)

A (Noldorin-only?) root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “open, come out (of flowers, sun, etc.)” given as an extension of ᴹ√ET “out” and serving as the basis for the Noldorin verb N. edra- “open” (Ety/ET). The appearance of the verb S. edra- “open” in The Lord of the Rings indicates its continued validity (LotR/307).

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ET “out, forth” ✧ Ety/ETER

Derivatives

  • N. edra- “to open” ✧ Ety/ETER
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ETER] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

ese

root. out

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

eðe

root. out

Derivatives

  • ᴱ✶eðus
    • Eq. erus(ta) “outside”
    • G. edhos “just without, close by” ✧ GL/31
  • Eq. Eruman “beyond the abode of the Mánir” ✧ LT1A/Neni Erúmëar
  • Eq. ere- “to go”
  • Eq. ere(n) “iron, steel”
  • Eq. eru “outward” ✧ QL/036
  • Eq. est “outwards” ✧ QL/036
  • Eq. esta- “to send”
  • Eq. ere- “out” ✧ QL/036
  • Eq. es- “*out” ✧ QL/036
  • G. edh “outside, near borders of, near, hard by, beside”

Element in

  • ᴱ✶Eðusmānī “beyond the abode of the Mánir” ✧ QL/036
  • Eq. Eruman “beyond the abode of the Mánir” ✧ LT1A/Eruman
  • Eq. erúmea “outer, outermost” ✧ LT1A/Neni Erúmëar
  • Eq. Neni Erúmear “Outermost Waters” ✧ LT1A/Eruman

Variations

  • ERE ✧ LT1A/Eruman; LT1A/Neni Erúmëar; QL/036
  • ESE ✧ QL/036
Early Primitive Elvish [LT1A/Eruman; LT1A/Neni Erúmëar; QL/036] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eře

root. out

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

ere-

prefix. out

Derivations

  • ᴱ√EÐE “out” ✧ QL/036

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ERE > ere-[eðe-] > [ere-]✧ QL/036

Variations

  • ere- ✧ QL/036
Early Quenya [QL/036] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tye

pronoun. you

Element in

Variations

  • tye ✧ LFC/030
Early Quenya [LFC/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by