luhta- (2) vb. "to bow" (VT47:35); this intransitive verb can be distinguished from luhta- "enchant" above, since #1 is transitive and will always have a direct object, something #2 never has.
Quenya
luhta-
to enchant
luhta-
to bow
Sindarin
lútha-
verb. to enchant
cû
noun. bow, bow; [N.] arch, crescent; [G.] waxing or waning moon
Cognates
- Q. cúma “[unglossed]” ✧ PE17/122
Derivations
Element in
- ᴺS. cungan(d) “viol(in), (lit.) bow-harp”
- ᴺS. cúron “crescent moon”
- S. Cúthalion “Strongbow” ✧ SA/cú
- S. Dor-Cúarthol “Land of Bow and Helm” ✧ SA/cú
- S. Laer Cú Beleg “Song of the Great Bow” ✧ S/209; SA/cú
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶kūma > cû(f) [kūma] > [kūm] > [kūv] > [kū] ✧ PE17/122 Variations
- cû(f) ✧ PE17/122
- Cú ✧ S/209
- cú ✧ SA/cú
lútha-
verb. to enchant
@@@ David Salo proposed luitha-: compare to nuitha- and gruitha-; the form lútha- requires a variant (Doriathrin?) phonetic evolution
Derivations
- ᴹ√LUK “magic, enchantment”
Element in
- ᴺS. lúthad “enchantments, sorcery”
eilian
rainbow
(pl. eiliain). Archaic elianw (so the coll. pl. may be eilianwath).
peng
bow
(i beng, o pheng), pl. ping (i phing)
cû
bow
(i gû, o chû) (arch, crescent), pl. cui (i chui)
Telerin
lú
noun. bow
Derivations
Variations
- lū ✧ VT47/12
Noldorin
lhútha-
verb. to enchant
lhûtha-
verb. to enchant
Cognates
- ᴹQ. luhta- “to enchant” ✧ Ety/LUK
Derivations
- ᴹ√LUK “magic, enchantment” ✧ Ety/LUK
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LUK > lhûtha [lukta-] > [luktʰa-] > [luxθa-] > [lūθa-] > [l̥ūθa-] ✧ Ety/LUK Variations
- lhûtha ✧ Ety/LUK
- lhútha ✧ EtyAC/LUK
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
Qenya
luhta-
verb. to enchant
Cognates
- N. lhûtha- “to enchant” ✧ Ety/LUK
Derivations
- ᴹ√LUK “magic, enchantment” ✧ Ety/LUK
Elements
Word Gloss LUK “magic, enchantment” -ta “causative” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√LUK > luhta- [lukta-] > [luxta-] ✧ Ety/LUK Variations
- luhta ✧ EtyAC/LUK
kú
noun. bow, bow; [ᴱQ.] crescent moon
Cognates
- N. cû “arch, crescent” ✧ Ety/KUƷ
Derivations
Element in
- ᴺQ. cungandë “violin, (lit.) bow-harp”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶kuu̯ > kú [kuɣ] > [kū] ✧ Ety/KUƷ
Middle Primitive Elvish
ku(ʒ)
root. bow
The root ᴹ√KU(Ʒ) “bow” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/KUƷ), most likely a later version of ᴱ√KUVU “bend, bow” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/49). One notable derivative in both periods was G. cû “bow, crescent” and N. cû “arch, crescent”, which regularly appeared as S. cû “bow” in later writings, for example in S. Laer Cú Beleg “Song of the Great Bow” (GL/27; Ety/KUƷ; S/209).
The probably-related root ᴹ√KUB “bow” appeared in the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s (PE22/102); ᴹQ. nukumna “humbled (?under-bowed)” from this period may also be related (SD/246). In notes from the late 1950s or early 1960s Tolkien gave ✶kūma, Q. cúma and S. cû(f) next to Q. lúva “bow, bight (not for shooting)” < √LUB “bend”, so presumably cúma/cû was “bow (for shooting)” (PE17/122). Finally Q. cúna “bent, curved” appeared in notes associated with the version of the Q. Markirya poem from the late 1960s, along with a verb form cúna- “to bend” (MC/222-223).
These variations make it difficult to determine what Tolkien intended the root to mean, but for purposes of Neo-Eldarin I would assume a base root of √KU(Ʒ) or √KU(H) with perhaps a verbal variant √KUB based on its use in the 1940s, and with the primitive sense “bow, bend”.
Derivatives
Element in
Variations
- KUƷ ✧ Ety/KUƷ; EtyAC/KWIG
- KU ✧ Ety/KWIG
- KUB ✧ PE22/102
kub
root. bow
kuu̯
noun. bow
Derivations
- ᴹ√KU(Ʒ) “bow” ✧ Ety/KUƷ
Derivatives
Variations
- kuw ✧ EtyAC/KUƷ
Gnomish
cwing
noun. bow
Derivations
- ᴱ√QINGI “*bow”
Element in
- G. Cris a Teld Quing Ilon “Gully of the Rainbow Roof” ✧ LT2A/Teld Quing Ilon
- G. cwingfim “skilled at archery” ✧ GL/28
- G. cwingfimli “skill at archery” ✧ GL/28
- G. cwinglios “archery” ✧ GL/28
- G. cwingron “archer” ✧ GL/28
- G. Thlim Quing Ilon “*Folk of the Heavenly Arc” ✧ PE13/104
Variations
- Quing ✧ PE13/104; PE13/104
quing
noun. bow
Early Quenya
qinga
noun. bow
Derivations
- ᴱ√QINGI “*bow” ✧ QL/077
Element in
- Eq. iluqinga “rainbow” ✧ LT1A/Ilweran
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√QINGI > qinga [kʷiŋgā] > [kʷiŋga] ✧ QL/077
luhta- (1) vb. "to enchant" (LUK, VT45:29)