Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Middle Primitive Elvish

en

adverb. yonder

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/55] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enek

root. six

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ÉNEK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lepen

root. five

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/LEP] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pher(en)

root. beech

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/BERÉTH; Ety/PHER] Group: Eldamo. Published by

(e)ned

root. centre, middle

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ÉNED; Ety/NDOR; Ety/NÉD; Ety/YEN; EtyAC/ÉNED; EtyAC/NĒ̆] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thā

adverb. then, next

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/097] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bereth

root. beech

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s serving principally as the basis for N. brethil “beech” (Ety/BERÉTH). In the notes from the late 1950s or early 1960s Tolkien instead connected brethil to the root √BARATH and S. bereth “queen”, where it had the true meaning of “princess” (PE17/23). But that could be a later association rather that a genuine etymology, and doesn’t necessarily invalidate ᴹ√BERETH (especially given the other phonological issues with S. bereth < √BARATH).

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/BERÉTH; Ety/GALAD; Ety/NEL; Ety/PHER; EtyAC/BERÉTH] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gonod

root. stone

The Elvish words for “stone” were established very early as Q. ondo and S. gond. In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien gave the root of these words as ᴱ√ONO “hard” with derivatives like ᴱQ. ondo “stone, rock” and ᴱQ. onin “anvil” (QL/70). But its Gnomish derivatives like G. gonn “stone” and G. gontha “pillar” (GL/41) indicate the actual root was ✱ᴱ√ƷONO, since initial ʒ &gt; g in Gnomish.

In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave the root as ᴹ√GONOD or √GONDO “stone” with essentially the same Elvish forms: ᴹQ. ondo and N. gonn (Ety/GOND). The root itself did not appear in later writings, but Tolkien continued to state, with great frequency, that the primitive form of the word was ✶gondō (Let/410; PE17/28; PE18/106; PE21/81; PM/374; RC/347).

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GOND; EtyAC/GOND] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tyal

root. play

This root first appeared as ᴱ√TYALA “play” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with the derivative ᴱQ. tyalie “play, game” (QL/49). Forms in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon like G. dairtha- “play” < ᴱ✶daı̯al- hint that the actual primitive form might have been ✱ᴱ√DYALA or ✱ᴱ√DAYALA (GL/29). In a table of vowel mutations added as a revision to the Gnomish Lexicon Tolkien instead had forms like ᴱ✶táliı̯èndǝ > G. teilian indicating a primitive initial t- (PE13/116); similar forms appeared in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s (PE13/165).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave ᴹ√TYAL “play” with derivatives like ᴹQ. tyal-/N. telia- “to play” and ᴹQ. tyalie/N. telien “sport, play, game” (Ety/TYAL). Tolkien continued to use Q. tyalië “mirth” in later writings (PE21/80; PE17/64), but at some point in the 1950s decided that initial palatalized dentals were no longer a feature of Primitive Elvish (PE18/93-94), making the ongoing validity of √TYAL as a CE root doubtful: see the entry on how [[at|[j] was lost after initial dentals]] in the Welsh-like branch of the Elvish languages for further details. For example, in the second version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa (TQ2) from around 1950, Tolkien indicated √TYAL was a Quenya-only root, an elaboration of √TAL:

> In Quenya initial groups ty, ny, ps, ks appeared as developments of ky, ñy, sp, sk. But being established they were used in new formations. Thus Q tyal- “play” as a variation on tal- (not kal!) (PE18/84).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I think it is best to ignore Tolkien’s decision to remove initial palatalized dentals from Primitive Elvish in order to retain roots like √TYAL for both Quenya and (Neo) Sindarin.

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ÑGAN; Ety/TYAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kwat

root. fill

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GENG-WĀ; Ety/KAB; Ety/KWAT; Ety/YEN; PE23/101] Group: Eldamo. Published by

am

root. mother

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AM¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amī̆l

noun. mother

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/66] Group: Eldamo. Published by

geiā

adverb. ever

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/EY; Ety/GEY; EtyAC/EY; EtyAC/GEY] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gilya

noun. star

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GIL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gālæ

noun. light

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

khōn

noun. heart

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/55; PE21/64; PE21/66] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kundu

root. prince

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KUNDŪ; Ety/PHÉLEG; EtyAC/KUNDŪ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

k’lā

noun. light

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KAL; EtyAC/KAL; PE18/038; PE21/37] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lassē

noun. leaf

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/LAS¹; PE21/09] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lep(e)ne

noun. five

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/LEP] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ta

root. that

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TA; PE18/033; PE18/060; PE23/096] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ī

article. the

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/58] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ya

suffix. adjectival suffix

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/59] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kalat

noun. light

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/56] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lepek

root. five

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by