asto
dust
littë
noun. ash
A neologism for “ash” coined by Helge Fauskanger in his NQNT (NQNT), the Quenya equivalent of S. lith “ash”. In The Etymologies of the 1930s the Quenya cognate of N. lith was ᴹQ. litse (Ety/LIT), but in that document these words were glossed “sand”. Introducing a separate neologism ᴺQ. littë “ash” helps keep these two senses distinct.
Cognates
- S. lith “ash, ash; [N.] sand”
Derivations
- ᴹ√LIT “*(fine) grit”
lith
noun. ash, sand, dust
lith
noun. ash, ash; [N.] sand
A noun for “ash” appearing as an element in names like Lithlad “Plain of Ashes” (RC/457) and Dor-nu-Fauglith “Land under Choking Ash” (WJ/239-240), as well as in the adjective lithui “ashy, ashen” (RGEO/66, RC/765). It is translated as “dust” in the name Anfauglith “Gasping Dust” (S/150), but since this is the name for Ard-galen after the region was burned by the forces of Morgoth, this may simply be a loose translation for “ash”.
Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s N. lith was glossed “sand” from primitive ᴹ✶litse under the root ᴹ√LIT (Ety/LIT), and in this document N. Fauglith was translated “Thirsty Sand” (Ety/PHAU), as opposed to its original translation from the 1920s and early-to-mid 1930s which was simply “Thirst” (LB/275; SM/26, 101; LR/280).
Neo-Sindarin: For Neo-Sindarin I’d use lith mainly in its 1950s-60s sense “ash” but also allow its 1930s sense “sand”, but for “dust” I’d use [N.] ast. @@@ Maybe it would be better to coin a neologism for “sand”?
Cognates
- ᴺQ. littë “ash”
Derivations
- ᴹ√LIT “*(fine) grit”
Element in
- S. Anfauglith “Gasping Dust” ✧ SA/lith
- S. Dor-nu-Fauglith “Land under Choking Ash” ✧ SA/lith
- S. Lithir “?Ash River”
- S. Lithlad “Plain of Ashes” ✧ SA/lith
- S. lithui “ashen, ashy, of ash, ash-coloured, dusty” ✧ RC/765; SA/lith
ast
dust
1) ast (pl. aist if there is a pl.), 2) lith (sand, ash) (Names:178)
ast
dust
(pl. aist if there is a pl.)
lith
dust
(sand, ash) (Names:178)
lith
ash
lith (sand, dust), no distinct pl. form.
lith
ash
(sand, dust), no distinct pl. form.****
malu
noun. dust
Changes
malŭ→ smalŭ “dust” ✧ PE21/80Derivations
- √MAL “gold, yellow, gold”
Variations
- malŭ ✧ PE21/80 (
malŭ)
smalu
noun. dust, grit, [ᴹ✶] pollen, yellow powder; [✶] dust, grit
Derivations
- √MAL “gold, yellow, gold”
Variations
- smalŭ ✧ PE21/80
ast
noun. dust
ast
noun. dust
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “dust” derived from the root ᴹ√ÁS-AT (Ety/ÁS-AT).
Cognates
- ᴹQ. asto “dust” ✧ Ety/ÁS-AT
Derivations
- ᴹ√ASAT “*dust” ✧ Ety/ÁS-AT
Element in
- ᴺS. athren “dusty”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÁS-AT > ast [asto] > [ast] ✧ Ety/ÁS-AT
lith
noun. ash, sand, dust
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
asto
noun. dust
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “dust” derived from the root ᴹ√ÁS-AT (Ety/ÁS-AT). It was also mentioned in The Feanorian Alphabet from the late 1930s with the same form and meaning (PE22/21-22), and in the revisions of that document from the 1940s, though there it was replaced with ᴹQ. osto as a name for one of the tengwar (PE22/50). This replacement may only have to do with tengwar names, and doesn’t necessarily invalidate asto “dust”.
Cognates
- N. ast “dust” ✧ Ety/ÁS-AT
Derivations
- ᴹ√ASAT “*dust” ✧ Ety/ÁS-AT
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√ÁS-AT > asto [asto] ✧ Ety/ÁS-AT Variations
- asto ✧ Ety/ÁS-AT; EtyAC/ÁS-AT; PE22/021; PE22/022; PE22/050 (
asto)
mulo
noun. dust, dust, [ᴱQ.] fine powder
A word in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s glossed “dust”, given as an example of declensions for nouns that in ancient times ended with short -ŭ: mulǔ- (PE21/10-11). It is probably a later iteration of ᴱQ. mul (muld-) “fine powder” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a derivative of the early root ᴱ√MULU “grind (fine)” (QL/63). In notes from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien gave Q. mulë for “meal” = “✱coarsely ground flour”, so it seems ✱√MUL “grind” either survived or was restored. For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I think it is appropriate to use this word with the earlier sense “fine powder” as well.
Derivations
- √MUL “grind (fine)”
asat
root. *dust
A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s meaning “dust”, with derivatives ᴹQ. asto and N. ast of the same meaning (Ety/ÁS-AT).
Derivatives
Variations
- ÁS-AT ✧ Ety/ÁS-AT
thith
noun. dust
A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “dust”, appearing below other forms like G. thisin “parched, withered” (GL/73). The latter is clearly a cognate of ᴱQ. sisin from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon, and hence is derived from the root ᴱ√SISI as it appeared in that document (QL/84), though its Gnomish derivatives make it clear the actual root was ✱ᴱ√ÞISI.
Derivations
- ᴱ√ÞISI “singe, etc.”
Element in
lhith
noun. dust
Element in
- En. yrlhith “dustless” ✧ PE13/156
asto noun "dust" (ÁS-AT). According to VT45:6, asto was the name of tengwa #13 in the pre-classical system presupposed in the Etymologies, but Tolkien would later change the name of this letter to anto (its Quenya value changing from st to nt).