rin

dew

rin noun "dew" (LT1:265; rather rossë in LotR-style Quenya)

tengwa

letter

tengwa (pl. tengwar is attested) (1) noun "letter" Tengwa (ñ) is defined as "any one visible sign representing (theoretically) any one audible teñgwe" (phoneme) (VT39:17). In non-technical usage tengwa was equivalent to "consonant", since only the consonants were full signs (WJ:396, TEK). In the Etymologies, tengwa was apparently emended from tengwë (VT46:17).

rossë

fine rain, dew

rossë noun "fine rain, dew" (ROS1, PM:371)

mistë

fine rain

mistë noun "fine rain" (MIZD, VT45:35)

timpë

fine rain

timpë noun "fine rain" (LT1:268, Narqelion)

sarat

letter

sarat (pl. sarati given) noun "letter", any individual significant mark, used of the letters of Rúmil after the invention of Fëanor's tengwar (WJ:396). Cf. sarmë.

hilya-

to follow

hilya- vb. "to follow" (KHIL)

dew

soft mut

soft mut. of tew >> tew

mîdh

noun. dew

dew

mîdh

noun. dew, dew, *moisture, damp(ness); [ᴱN.] mist, drizzle

A Sindarin word for “dew” given as míð in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s as a derivative of ✶mizdē “drizzle” (PE19/101), illustrating how [[os|[z] vanished before [d] lengthening preceding vowel]] in (Old) Sindarin.

Conceptual Development: N. mîdh “dew” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the same derivation as given above (Ety/MIZD), though Tolkien first wrote its gloss as “fine rain” (EtyAC/MIZD). This deleted gloss seems to be a remnant of ᴱN. midh “mist, drizzle” from Early Noldorin Word-lists, but there its primitive form was ᴱ✶míye (PE13/150).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would extend the meaning of this word to include “✱moisture, damp(ness)” in general, especially as the result of a previous rain.

Derivations

• ✶mizdē “drizzle” ✧ PE19/101
  • √MIZDI “*fine rain, dew”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶mizdē > míð	[mizdē] > [mizde] > [mīde] > [mīðe] > [mīð]	✧ PE19/101

Variations

• míð ✧ PE19/101

tew

letter

(dew), pl1. tiw _ n. _letter. tew << têw; tiw << tîw. >> téw

têw

noun. letter, written sign

têw

noun. letter

Changes

• têw → tew ✧ PE17/044
• tîw → tiw ✧ PE17/044
• tēw → tew ✧ PE17/044

Cognates

• Q. tengwa “(written) letter; sign, token, indicator, (written) letter; sign, token, indicator; [ᴹQ.] writing, grammar” ✧ LotR/1117; PE17/043; PE17/044; PE17/044; PE17/044; PE17/122; PE17/122; WJ/396

Derivations

• ✶tekmā “letter” ✧ PE17/043; PE17/043; PE17/044; PE17/044; PE17/044
  • √TEK “make a written mark, sign, write, make a written mark, sign, write, [ᴹ√] write or draw (signs or letters)” ✧ PE17/043; PE17/044
• ✶teñwā “letter, sign, token” ✧ PE17/044; PE17/044; PE22/149
  • √TEÑ “indicate, signify, show, represent, betoken, mark, to point at, indicate, signify, show, represent, betoken, mark, to point at; [ᴱ√] know, understand” ✧ PE17/044; PE17/044; PE17/044; PE19/097; PE22/149

Element in

• S. Celebrimbor o Eregion teithant i thiw hin “Celebrimbor of Hollin drew these signs” ✧ LotR/0305; PE17/044

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶tekmā > tegmā > teŋw > tēw	[tekmā] > [tegmā] > [tegma] > [teŋma] > [teŋwa] > [tēwa] > [tēw]	✧ PE17/043
✶tekmāi > tekmī > tiŋw > tīw	[tekmāi] > [tekmī] > [tegmī] > [tegmi] > [teŋmi] > [tiŋmi] > [tiŋwi] > [tīwi] > [tīw]	✧ PE17/043
✶tek-mā > tew	[tekmā] > [tegmā] > [tegma] > [teŋma] > [teŋwa] > [tēwa] > [tēw]	✧ PE17/044
✶teñwa > teiw > tew	[teŋwa] > [tēwa] > [tēw]	✧ PE17/044
✶tekma > teŋ̃ma > tēw	[tekmā] > [tegmā] > [tegma] > [teŋma] > [teŋwa] > [tēwa] > [tēw]	✧ PE17/044
✶teñmi > tiñm(i) > tîw	[tekmī] > [tegmī] > [tegmi] > [teŋmi] > [tiŋmi] > [tiŋwi] > [tīwi] > [tīw]	✧ PE17/044
✶teñwa > tēwa > tēw	[teŋwa] > [tēwa] > [tēw]	✧ PE17/044
✶teŋmā > teŋwā > tēwa > tîw	[teŋmā] > [teŋma] > [teŋwa] > [tēwa] > [tīwa] > [tīw]	✧ PE22/149

Variations

• tēw ✧ PE17/043; PE17/044; PE17/044 (tēw); PE17/044; PE17/044; PE17/122
• tew ✧ PE17/044; PE17/044
• tîw ✧ PE17/044 (tîw); PE22/149

ben-

soft mut

soft mut. of pen-

beth

soft mut

soft mut. of peth >> peth

galen

soft mut

soft mut. of calen >> calen

vedui

soft mut

soft mut. of medui

úvel

soft mut

soft mut. of úmel _ suff. & verbal stem (quasi-participle in aorist mode) _lit. 'not loving', enemy, inimical. >> ú-, úmel

berian

soft mut

soft mut. of perian after article i >> perain

Berhael

soft mut

soft mut. of Perhael** **(e.g. a·Berhael) >> Perhael

úvedin

soft mut

soft mut. of úmedin v. & pron. suff. I do not eat. >> -n, ú-, úmedin

govannen

soft mut

soft mut. of covannen

baran

soft mut

soft mut. of paran >> Dol Baran, paran

baur

soft mut

soft mut. of paur >> Celebrimbor

vast

soft mut

soft mut. of #bast.

mîdh

dew

1) mîdh (i vîdh, construct midh), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîdh), 2) ross (construct ros) (foam, rain, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.

mîdh

dew

(i vîdh, construct midh), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîdh)

ross

dew

(construct ros) (foam, rain, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.

têw

letter

têw (i dêw, o thêw, construct tew) (sign, tengwa), pl. tîw (i **thîw), coll. pl. téwath**

têw

letter

(i dêw, o thêw, construct tew) (sign, tengwa), pl. tîw (i thîw), coll. pl. téwath

aphada

follow

(i aphada, in aphadar) (WJ:387)  

aphadon

follower

(pl. Ephedyn, coll. pl. Aphadrim) (WJ:387). Also echil (no distinct pl. form); coll. pl. ?echillath

byr

follower

). No distinct pl. form except with article (i mŷr). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” bior, beor.

meord

noun. fine rain

Primitive form given as mizdê, derived from a stem MIZD (LR:373) that is not defined, but Christopher Tolkien is undoubtedly right in observing that the stems MISK (yielding words for "wet") and MITH (yielding words for "wet mist" and "grey") are probably meant to be related to MIZD. The ending -ê seen in mizdê seems in this case to denote a substance. While final -ê sometimes becomes -a in Green-elven, it has here been lost; see beorn for some thoughts about this. This word alone shows eo from i, but cf. eo from e in beorn.

dew

root. go wrong, fail

A Sindarin-only root in linguistic notes from 1959 meaning “go wrong, fail” with the basic sense of “miss mark, go (or send) wrong, fall short or beside ([one’s] aim, what is due or proper)” (PE17/151); in a marginal note Tolkien also wrote “go awry, ill, wrongly”. Its Quenya equivalent was √LOY.

Derivatives

• ✶deulē “mistake” ✧ PE17/151
  • S. dŷl “mistake” ✧ PE17/151
• S. dew- “to fail, miss” ✧ PE17/151
• S. dŷr “mistaken, off point, not right” ✧ PE17/151

Variations

• DEWE ✧ PE17/151

mizdi

root. *fine rain, dew

Derivatives

• ✶mizdē “drizzle”
  • Q. mistë “drizzle, drizzle, [ᴹQ.] fine rain” ✧ PE19/101
  • S. mîdh “dew, dew, *moisture, damp(ness); [ᴱN.] mist, drizzle” ✧ PE19/101

Variations

• mizdi ✧ PE18/093

rossē

noun. dew, spray (of fall or fountain)

Derivations

• √ROS “spindrift, spray, spindrift, spray; [ᴹ√] distil, drip”

Derivatives

• Q. rossë “rain; foam, (fine) rain; [ᴹQ.] dew; *spray, [Q.] foam”
• S. ross “rain; spindrift, spray, foam, rain; spray, spindrift, foam”

Element in

• S. Elros “Star-foam” ✧ Let/282

tekmā

noun. letter

Changes

• tek-mā → teñwa ✧ PE17/044

Derivations

• √TEK “make a written mark, sign, write, make a written mark, sign, write, [ᴹ√] write or draw (signs or letters)” ✧ PE17/043; PE17/044

Derivatives

• Q. tengwa “(written) letter; sign, token, indicator, (written) letter; sign, token, indicator; [ᴹQ.] writing, grammar” ✧ PE17/043; PE17/044; PE18/104
• S. têw “letter” ✧ PE17/043; PE17/043; PE17/044; PE17/044; PE17/044

Variations

• tek-mā ✧ PE17/044 (tek-mā)
• tekma ✧ PE17/044; PE18/104

loy

root. go wrong, fail, go wrong, fail, [ᴹ√] miss, fail to go; lack, be without

A Quenya-only root in linguistic notes from 1959 meaning “go wrong, fail” with the basic sense of “miss mark, go (or send) wrong, fall short or beside ([one’s] aim, what is due or proper)” (PE17/151); in a marginal note Tolkien also wrote “go awry, ill, wrongly”. Its Sindarin equivalent was √DEW. The root ᴹ√LOY also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the gloss “lack, be without; miss, fail to go”, though all of its derivatives were rejected (EtyAC/LOYO).

Derivatives

• Q. loi- “mistaken, mistake in ...” ✧ PE17/151
• Q. loica “failing, short, inadequate” ✧ PE17/151
• Q. loima “mistake” ✧ PE17/151
• Q. loita- “to miss, fail, fall short of (transitive)” ✧ PE17/151

Variations

• LOYO ✧ PE17/151; PE17/161

mîdh

noun. dew

mîdh

noun. dew

Changes

• mídh → mídh “fine rain” ✧ Ety/MIZD

Cognates

• ᴹQ. miste “fine rain” ✧ Ety/MIZD

Derivations

• ᴹ✶mizdē ✧ Ety/MIZD
  • ᴹ√MIZDI “*fine rain, dew” ✧ Ety/MIZD

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶mizdē > mídh	[mizdē] > [mizde] > [mīde] > [mīðe] > [mīð]	✧ Ety/MIZD

Variations

• mídh ✧ Ety/MIZD; EtyAC/MIZD (mídh)

tew

noun. letter

@@@ tîw (Ety/TEK) appears to be plural, but is clearly glossed as singular “letter” with primitive form tekmē

Cognates

• ᴹQ. tengwa “letter; writing, grammar” ✧ Ety/TEK; PE22/031
• On. tegma “letter” ✧ PE22/031

Derivations

• ᴹ✶tekmē “letter, symbol, writing” ✧ Ety/TEK
  • ᴹ√TEK “write or draw (signs or letters), make a mark” ✧ Ety/TEK
• On. tegma “letter” ✧ PE22/031
  • ᴹ✶tekmā “writing, grammar”
  • ᴹ√TEK “write or draw (signs or letters), make a mark” ✧ Ety/TEK; PE19/043

Element in

• N. Celebrimbor o Eregion teithant i thíw thin “Celebrimbor of Hollin drew these signs” ✧ TI/182
• N. tiwdi “alphabet”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶tekmē > tîw	[tekmē] > [tegmē] > [tegme] > [teŋme] > [teime] > [tīme] > [tīm] > [tīv] > [tīw]	✧ Ety/TEK
On. tegma > teiw > tew	[tegma] > [teŋma] > [teima] > [teim] > [teiv] > [teiw] > [tew]	✧ PE22/031

Variations

• tîw ✧ Ety/TEK

gilhof

noun. dew, *(lit.) star-juice

Elements

Word	Gloss
geil	“star”
sōba	“juice”

tîw

noun. letter