parca

naked

parca (2) ("k")adj. "naked", of persons (PE17:86)

parna

bare

parna adj. "bare" (PE17:86), also with variant form parnë (PE17:171)

parna

adjective. bare

passa

smooth, glabrous

passa adj. "smooth, glabrous" (PE17:171)

pasta

smooth

pasta (2) adj. "smooth" (PATH), variant of passa

halla

naked

[halla (2) adj. "naked" (VT46:14), changed by Tolkien to helda]

runda

smooth, polished

runda (1) adj. "smooth, polished" (PE17:89)

helda

naked, stripped bare

helda (1) adj. "naked, stripped bare" (SKEL, SKAL1)

paran

adjective. naked

_ adj. _naked, bald, bare. Q. parne. >> baran, Dol Baran

paran

adjective. smooth, shaven (often applied to hills without trees)

paran

adjective. bare, naked; smooth, shaven

A word for “bare, naked” appearing in notes from the late 1950s and early 1960s to explain the name Dol Baran. This name was originally intended to be “✱Brown Hill” with the second element N. baran “brown”; see N. Dolbaran from The Etymologies of the 1930s, which had baran as its second element (Ety/BARÁN). This meaning survived until Tolkien was working on the index to The Lord of the Rings (RC/433), but there he recognized this was problematic because the adjective baran should be mutated to varan. To resolve this quandary, Tolkien coined paran from the root √PAR “peel”, and this new adjective was variously glossed “smooth, shaven” (RC/433), “bare” (PE17/86) or “bare, naked” (PE17/171).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had some similar “bare” words: G. falt “bare” (GL/33) and fôl “empty, bare — leafless, esp. of trees” (GL/35), both based on the early root ᴱ√FALA “bare, nude” (QL/37).

Cognates

• Q. parnë “bald, bare, naked” ✧ PE17/086

Derivations

• √PAR “peel, peel, *bare” ✧ PE17/086
• ✶paran “bare, bald, naked, unclad” ✧ PE17/171
  • √PAR “peel, peel, *bare” ✧ PE17/171

Element in

• S. Dol Baran “*Bare Hill” ✧ PE17/086; PE17/171; RC/433

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√PAR > paran	[parane] > [paran]	✧ PE17/086
✶PARAN > Baran	[parane] > [paran]	✧ PE17/171

Variations

• Paran ✧ RC/433

parch

adjective. naked

_ adj. _naked, of persons. Q. parka.

lanc

noun. naked

lanc

adjective. naked

A word for “naked” in the name Amon Lanc “Naked Hill” (UT/280).

Element in

• S. Amon Lanc “Naked Hill” ✧ UT/280

Variations

• Lanc ✧ UT/280

paran

smooth

1) paran (lenited baran; pl. perain) (shaven). Often applied to hills wihtout trees. (RC:433) 2)

paran

shaven

paran (lenited baran; pl. perain) (smooth). Often applied to hills wihtout trees. (RC:433)

lanc

naked

(pl. lainc). Note: homophones means ”neck, throat” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.

path

smooth

path (lenited bath; pl. paith)

hell

naked

1) hell (lenited chell; pl. hill), 2) lanc (pl. lainc). Note: homophones means ”neck, throat” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.

hell

naked

(lenited chell; pl. hill)

paran

adjective. bare, bald, naked, unclad

Derivations

• √PAR “peel, peel, *bare” ✧ PE17/171

Derivatives

• Q. parnë “bald, bare, naked” ✧ PE17/171; PE17/171
• S. paran “bare, naked; smooth, shaven” ✧ PE17/171

Variations

• PARAN ✧ PE17/171 (PARAN)

pathnā

adjective. smooth

Derivations

• √PATH “smooth (to feel), silky” ✧ PE19/088

Derivatives

• Q. patta “smoothed, sleek” ✧ PE19/088
  • Q. pasta “smooth(ed), sleek, glabrous” ✧ PE19/088

path

adjective. smooth

path

adjective. smooth

Cognates

• ᴹQ. pasta “smooth” ✧ Ety/PATH

Derivations

• On. pattha “smooth” ✧ Ety/PATH
  • ᴹ✶pathnā “smooth” ✧ Ety/PATH
  • ᴹ√PATH “*smooth” ✧ Ety/PATH

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. pattha > path	[paθθa] > [paθθ] > [paθ]	✧ Ety/PATH

hell

adjective. naked

hell

adjective. naked, naked, *stripped

An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “naked” and derived from primitive ᴹ✶skelnā under the root ᴹ√SKEL (Ety/SKEL). This word was originally hall “naked” under an earlier but deleted form of the root ᴹ√SKAL (EtyAC/SKEL). The root ᴹ√SKEL was also the basis for the verb N. heltha- “to strip”, and its Quenya derivative ᴹQ. helda was at one point was glossed “stripped bare” (Ety/SKAL¹), so the word hell seems to mean “naked” in the sense “✱stripped (of clothing or other covering)”.

Conceptual Development: There are a couple of earlier “naked” words in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s that seems to be similarly derived. G. dautha “naked, stripped” was related to daf- “to strip, flay” (GL/29) and G. hulc “naked” (GL/49) is like the cognate of ᴱQ. hulqa “naked” under the early root ᴱ√HULU “strip” (QL/41). In later writings, some “naked” words were derived from √PAR “peel” instead (PE17/86, 171).

Changes

• hall → hell “naked” ✧ Ety/SKEL

Cognates

• ᴹQ. helda “naked, stripped bare” ✧ Ety/SKEL
• ᴹQ. halla “naked” ✧ EtyAC/SKEL

Derivations

• On. skhella “naked” ✧ Ety/SKEL; EtyAC/SKEL
  • ᴹ✶skelnā “naked” ✧ Ety/SKEL; EtyAC/SKEL
  • ᴹ√SKEL “*strip” ✧ Ety/SKEL; EtyAC/SKEL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. skhella > hell	[sxella] > [xella] > [xell] > [hell]	✧ Ety/SKEL
On. skhalla > hall	[sxalla] > [xalla] > [xall] > [hall]	✧ EtyAC/SKEL

Variations

• hell ✧ Ety/SKEL
• hall ✧ EtyAC/SKEL (hall)