canya

adjective. wise

canya

bold

canya (1) ("k")adj. "bold" (KAN).

canya-

verb. ?to command

@@@ gloss suggested by Helge Fauskanger (QQ/can-)

Derivations

• √KAN “cry aloud; (Q. only) command; lead, rule, cry aloud; (Q. only) command; lead, rule; [ᴹ√] dare” ✧ PE17/113

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√KAN > canya	[kanja-]	✧ PE17/113

Variations

• canya ✧ PE17/113

can-

command, order

*can*- (2) vb. "command, order" (give an order) or (with things as object) "demand" _(PM:361-362; where various derivatives of the stem KAN- are listed; the verb _can_- is not directly cited, but seems implied by the statement "in Quenya the sense command had become the usual one". The undefined verb _canya**- listed elsewhere [PE17:113] may also be taken as the actual verbal derivative that Tolkien here refers to.)

nóla

wise, learned

nóla ("ñ") (1) adj. "wise, learned" (ÑGOL) (note that this and the next nóla would be spelt differently in Tengwar writing, and originally they were also pronounced differently, since nóla "wise, learned" was ñóla in First Age Quenya).

saila

wise

#saila adj. "wise" (isolated from alasaila [q.v.] "unwise" in a late source)

saila

adjective. wise

Cognates

• S. sael “wise”

Derivations

• ᴹ√SAY “know, understand”

Element in

• Q. alasaila “unwise” ✧ VT41/18
• ᴺQ. sailiendil “philosopher”

saira

wise

saira adj. "wise" (SAY, VT46:12; a later source has the alternative formation #saila as above)

tára

wise

tára (2) ?"wise". (From tentative notes trying to explain Daur [unlenited *Taur] as Sindarin name of Frodo; the more normal word for "wise" seems to be saila/saira.)

tára

adjective. wise

Derivations

• ✶dāra “wise” ✧ PE17/102

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶dāra > tāra	[dāra] > [tāra]	✧ PE17/102

Variations

• tāra ✧ PE17/102

iswa

wise

iswa adj. "wise" (LT2:339); rather saila in Tolkiens later Quenya.

isqua

wise

isqua ("q") adj. "wise" (LT2:339).

istima

adjective. wise, knowledgeable, v.well informed

cand

adjective. bold

sael

adjective. wise

sael

adjective. wise

Cognates

• Q. saila “wise”

Derivations

• ᴹ√SAY “know, understand”

Element in

• S. Arahael
• S. Dírhael “*Wise Man”
• S. Iorhael “Frodo”
• S. Panthael “Fullwise” ✧ SD/126
• S. Perhael “Samwise, (lit.) Half-wise” ✧ PE17/102
• ᴺS. saelas “wisdom”
• S. Saelind “Wise-heart” ✧ MR/305
• S. Saelon
• ᴺS. saelor “advisor”

Variations

• Sael ✧ MR/305 (Sael)

beren

masculine name. Bold

Hero of Beleriand and love of Lúthien who wrested a Silmaril from the crown of Morgoth (S/162). His name is simply [N.] beren “bold” used as a name.

Conceptual Development: The name G. Beren dates back to the earliest Lost Tales, though in the earliest stories he was a Noldorin Elf instead of a Man (LT2/11). The name N. Beren appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s as a derivative of ᴹ√BER alongside N. beren “bold” (Ety/BER), which is the source of the derivation given above.

Element in

• S. Narn Beren ion Barahir “*Tale of Beren son of Barahir” ✧ MR/373

Elements

Word	Gloss
beren	“bold”

cand

adjective. bold

Element in

• ᴺS. úgan(n) “gutless, faint-hearted, diffident”

cand

bold

(lenited gand, pl. caind)

noen

wise

(sensible). Pl. form (if any) uncertain. The archaic form of the word is given as nohen (VT46:7), which would have the pl. form nöhin. If the regular change of ö to e occured before the loss of h, the pl. form of noen could be nain for older nein.

sael

wise

1) sael (lenited hael; no distinct pl. form), 2) noen (sensible). Pl. form (if any) uncertain. The archaic form of the word is given as nohen (VT46:7), which would have the pl. form nöhin. If the regular change of ö to e occured before the loss of h, the pl. form of noen could be nain for older nein. 3)

sael

wise

(lenited hael; no distinct pl. form)

beren

bold

1) beren (lenited veren), pl. berin. Also used as masc. name Beren. 2) cand (lenited gand, pl. caind)

beren

bold

(lenited veren), pl. berin. Also used as masc. name Beren.

idhren

wise

idhren (pondering, thoughtful), pl. idhrin. 4) goll (lenited ngoll, pl. gyll). 5) golwen (learned in deep arts), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic *gölwin)

idhren

wise

(pondering, thoughtful), pl. idhrin. 4) goll (lenited ngoll, pl. gyll). 5) golwen (learned in deep arts), lenited ngolwen, pl. gelwin (archaic ✱gölwin)

dāra

adjective. wise

Changes

• ndāra/nāra → dāra ✧ PE17/102

Derivatives

• Q. tára “wise” ✧ PE17/102
• S. Daur “Frodo” ✧ PE17/102

Variations

• ndāra/nāra ✧ PE17/102 (ndāra/nāra)

cann

adjective. bold

cann

adjective. bold

Cognates

• ᴹQ. kanya “bold; wise” ✧ Ety/KAN

Derivations

• ᴹ✶kandā “bold” ✧ Ety/KAN
  • ᴹ√KAN “dare” ✧ Ety/KAN

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶kandā > cann	[kandā] > [kanda] > [kand] > [kann]	✧ Ety/KAN

noen

adjective. wise, sensible

sail

adjective. wise

Cognates

• ᴹQ. saira “wise”

Derivations

• ᴹ√SAY “know, understand”

Element in

• N. Iorhail “Frodo”
• N. Lanhail “Plain-wise”
• N. Perhail “Halfwise” ✧ SD/118

beren

adjective. bold

beren

masculine name. Bold

beren

adjective. bold

Cognates

• ᴹQ. verya “bold, bold, *brave” ✧ Ety/BER

Derivations

• On. berina “bold, brave” ✧ Ety/BER
  • ᴹ√BER “valiant” ✧ Ety/BER

Element in

• S. Beregond “?Valiant Stone”
• S. Beren “Bold”
• N. Beren “Bold” ✧ Ety/BER

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. berina > beren	[berina] > [berena] > [beren]	✧ Ety/BER

Variations

• beren ✧ Ety/BER

golwen

adjective. wise, learned in deep arts

goll

adjective. wise

goll

adjective. wise

Cognates

• ᴹQ. nóla “wise, learned” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL

Derivations

• ᴹ✶ñgolda “wise” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL
  • ᴹ√ÑGOL “wise, wisdom, be wise” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL

Element in

• N. gollor “magician” ✧ Ety/ÑGOL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶ngolda > goll	[ŋgolda] > [golda] > [golða] > [golð] > [goll]	✧ Ety/ÑGOL