ar-

prefix. outside, beside

Cognates

• Ilk. ar- “outside, beside” ✧ Ety/AR²
• N. ar- “outside, beside; without” ✧ Ety/AR²

Derivations

• ᴹ√AR “beside, outside” ✧ Ety/AR²

Element in

• ᴹQ. Arvalin “Outside Valinor” ✧ Ety/AR²

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√AR² > ar-	[ar-]	✧ Ety/AR²

ara

preposition. outside, beside

Derivations

• ᴹ√AR “beside, outside” ✧ Ety/AR²

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√AR² > ara	[ara]	✧ Ety/AR²

are

noun. day

Cognates

• N. ar- “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹

Derivations

• ᴹ✶ari “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹
  • ᴹ√AR “day” ✧ Ety/AR¹

Element in

• ᴹQ. Are Fanturion “Day of the Fanturi, fourth day of the Valian week”
• ᴹQ. Are Manwen “Day of Manwe, first day of the Valian week”
• ᴹQ. Arendien “Midyear’s Day”
• ᴹQ. Are Veruen “Day of the Spouses, third day of the Valian week”
• ᴹQ. artuile “dayspring, early morn”
• ᴹQ. Ar Ulmon “Day of Ulmo, second day of the Valian week”
• ᴹQ. enar “tomorrow”
• ᴹQ. Mettare “Year’s end”
• ᴹQ. sinar “today, this morning”
• ᴹQ. Tuilear “Springdays”
• ᴹQ. yáre “former days”
• ᴹQ. Koirear “Stirringdays”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶ari- > are	[ari] > [are]	✧ Ety/AR¹

au-

prefix. without

aran

noun. king

Element in

• ᴹQ. ā laituva i·aran “(long[?]) live[?] [the] k[ing?]” ✧ PE22/106
• ᴹQ. aranaite “*kingly, royal”
• ᴹQ. aranyalle “*kingdom”
• ᴹQ. aran ie mólome “being a king is a burden” ✧ PE22/124
• ᴹQ. Nuaran “*West-king”
• ᴹQ. sinan Elessar Aran séra Arkimbelesse “at present King Elessar is at Rivendell” ✧ PE22/125

Variations

• aran ✧ PE22/106; PE22/124
• Aran ✧ PE22/125

ava-

prefix. without

Derivations

• ᴹ√AWA “away, forth; out” ✧ Ety/AR²; Ety/AWA

Element in

• ᴺQ. avamarwa “homeless”
• ᴹQ. avanóte “without number, numberless” ✧ Ety/AR²; Ety/AWA
• ᴹQ. avaqet- “to refuse, forbid”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√AWA > ava-	[awa-] > [ava-]	✧ Ety/AWA

Variations

• au- ✧ Ety/AWA

tár

noun. king

Cognates

• N. taur “king (of a whole tribe)” ✧ Ety/TĀ
• Ilk. tôr “king” ✧ Ety/TĀ

Derivations

• ᴹ✶tār(ō) “king” ✧ Ety/TĀ
  • ᴹ√TĀ/TAƷ “high, lofty; noble” ✧ Ety/TĀ; PE21/55

Element in

• ᴹQ. tar- “high; king or queen (in compounds)” ✧ Ety/TĀ

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶tārō > tár	[tār]	✧ Ety/TĀ

Variations

• tār ✧ LR/047

ala

noun. day

Derivations

• ᴹ√GALAN “bright” ✧ EtyAC/GAL¹

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√GALÁN > ala	[gala] > [ɣala] > [ala]	✧ EtyAC/GAL¹

lai

adverb. very

Cognates

• N. dae “very” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ

Derivations

• ᴹ√DAƷ “great” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√DAƷ > lai	[dai] > [lai]	✧ EtyAC/DAƷ

ette

adverb/adjective. outside

Cognates

• ᴺS. eth “outside”

Derivations

• ᴹ√ET “out, forth” ✧ Ety/ET

Element in

• ᴹQ. ettele “outer lands, foreign parts” ✧ Ety/ET
• ᴺQ. ettemo “foreigner”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√ET > ette	[ette]	✧ Ety/ET

Variations

• ette ✧ Ety/ET