anwa

noun. gift

hanwa

male

hanwa noun "male" (INI)

anna

gift

anna noun "gift" (ANA1, SA), "a thing handed, brought or sent to a person" (PE17:125), also name of tengwa #23 (Appendix E); pl. annar "gifts" in Fíriel's Song. Masc. name Annatar "Lord of Gifts, *Gift-lord", name assumed by Sauron when he tried to seduce the Eldar in the Second Age (SA:tar). Eruanna noun "God-gift", gift of God, i.e. "grace" (VT43:38)

anna, anwa

noun. gift

hanuvoitë

male

hanuvoitë adj.? "male" (prob. adj. rather than noun; the word as such is not clearly glossed, but connects with hanu "a male") (INI)

anw

noun. gift

anw

noun. gift

ann

noun. gift

n. gift.

ann

noun. gift

Cognates

• Q. anna “gift, (orig.) thing handed, brought or sent to a person, gift, (orig.) thing handed, brought or sent to a person, *present” ✧ PE22/163

Derivations

• ✶annā “gift” ✧ PE17/090
  • √NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus”
• √HAN “add to, increase, enhance, enrich, honour (especially by gift); give” ✧ PE22/163

Element in

• S. Melian “Dear Gift”
• S. Rían “Crown-gift”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶annā > ann	[annā] > [anna] > [ann]	✧ PE17/090

Variations

• ann ✧ PE17/090
• anw ✧ PE22/163

anu

adjective. male

A literal interpretation of the Etymologies would class this word as a noun, but David Salo notes that the punctuation in The Etymologies is not always reliable. Noldorin anw cannot be cognate to the Quenya noun hanu (3anû) because the final -u would drop. It must rather be cognate to the Quenya adjective hanwa (3anwâ) attested under the stem INI, where it is also stated that inw, corresponding to Quenya inya "female", has been remodelled after anw. The combination of these two entries, along with the phonological evidences, clearly indicates that anw is actually an adjective

ant

gift

ant, pl. aint, coll. pl. annath. Also ann (-an at the end of compounds), pl. ain.

ant

gift

pl. aint, coll. pl. annath. Also ann (-an at the end of compounds), pl. ain.

anu

male

(adj.) *anu, analogical pl. eny. (Archaic anw, pl. ?einw)

anu

male

analogical pl. eny. (Archaic anw, pl. ?einw)

anu

noun/adjective. male (person or animal)

yô Reconstructed

noun. gift

An element in the name Yôzâyan “Land of Gift” (UT/184, SD/241). The final element of this name is zâyan “land”, so its initial element yô most likely means “gift”, as suggested by several authors (AAD/24, AL/Adûnaic, EotAL/YAW), though Andreas Moehn points out this word could have the form yôz instead (EotAL/YAW).

Element in

• Ad. Yôzâyan “Land of Gift”

annā

noun. gift

Derivations

• √NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus”

Derivatives

• Q. anna “gift, (orig.) thing handed, brought or sent to a person, gift, (orig.) thing handed, brought or sent to a person, *present” ✧ SA/anna
• S. ann “gift” ✧ PE17/090

Element in

• ✶Melyanna “Dear Gift”
• S. Melian “Dear Gift” ✧ SA/anna

Variations

• anna ✧ SA/anna

n-uĕg

suffix. male

wonā

adjective. male

Derivations

• √OWO “masculine” ✧ PE21/83

Variations

• ʒōnā ✧ PE21/83 (ʒōnā)

anw

adjective. male

A literal interpretation of the Etymologies would class this word as a noun, but David Salo notes that the punctuation in The Etymologies is not always reliable. Noldorin anw cannot be cognate to the Quenya noun hanu (3anû) because the final -u would drop. It must rather be cognate to the Quenya adjective hanwa (3anwâ) attested under the stem INI, where it is also stated that inw, corresponding to Quenya inya "female", has been remodelled after anw. The combination of these two entries, along with the phonological evidences, clearly indicates that anw is actually an adjective

anw

noun/adjective. male (person or animal)

A word appearing as N. anw in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from ON. anu under the root ᴹ√ƷAN “male”, where its positioning makes it appear as if it was a cognate of ᴹQ. hanu “a male (man or animal)” (Ety/ƷAN). In the original version of this entry, it was simply glossed “male”, and was initially given as (deleted) {ganw} (EtyAC/ƷAN).

Conceptual Development: Precursors to this word include G. an “person” and G. anos “man” from the Gnomish Lexicon (GL/19).

Neo-Sindarin: Most Neo-Sindarin writers adapt this word as ᴺS. anu to better fit Sindarin’s phonology. In HSD (HSD), Didier Willis suggested (as originally proposed by David Salo) that this word is most likely an adjective, the cognate of adjective ᴹQ. hanwa “male” rather than the noun ᴹQ. hanu “a male (man or animal)”. This is because it is generally believed that final -u (as in ✶ʒanu) vanishes in Noldorin/Sindarin, while the final -wa (as in ✶ʒanwa) would have developed into -u (Noldorin -w). However, I think the evidence of the loss of final -u in Noldorin is ambiguous and in fact N. anw might be a counterexample, especially since the Old Noldorin form was anu; see the entry on how [[s|final [i], [u] generally vanished]] for further discussion.

In any case, I think anu “male” can be used as a both a noun and an adjective for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.

Changes

• ganw → anw ✧ EtyAC/ƷAN

Cognates

• ᴹQ. hanu “male, man (of Men or Elves), male animal” ✧ Ety/ƷAN; EtyAC/ƷAN
• ᴹQ. hanwa “male” ✧ Ety/INI

Derivations

• On. anu “a male (person or animal)” ✧ Ety/ƷAN
  • ᴹ√ƷAN “male” ✧ Ety/ƷAN
• ᴹ√ƷAN “male” ✧ Ety/INI; Ety/ƷAN

Element in

• ᴺS. anwas “manhood, *manliness, masculinity”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. anu > anw	[anu]	✧ Ety/ƷAN

Variations

• ganw ✧ EtyAC/ƷAN (ganw)

ant

noun. gift

ant

noun. gift

Changes

• ann → ant ✧ Ety/ANA¹

Cognates

• ᴹQ. anna “gift” ✧ Ety/ANA¹

Derivations

• ᴹ√NĀ/ANA “to, towards” ✧ Ety/ANA¹

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√ANA¹ > ant	[anta] > [antʰa] > [anθa] > [anθ] > [ant]	✧ Ety/ANA¹

Variations

• ann ✧ EtyAC/ANA¹ (ann)