ai

adverb. supposing, suppose, maybe

ai! laurie lantar lassi sūrinen

ai! laurie lantar lassi sūrinen

aiqe e kestanelyanen (ela), en ni·tuluváne

aiqe e kestanelyanen (ela), en ni·tuluváne

@@@ invalid syntax

aiqe e kestanelyanen (ela), en ni·túlie

aiqe e kestanelyanen (ela), en ni·túlie

aiqe e kestanen (ela), en ni·tuluváne

aiqe e kestanen (ela), en ni·tuluváne

aiqe e kestanen (ela), en ni·utúliévane

aiqe e kestanen (ela), en ni·utúliévane

aiwenóre

proper name. Birdland, lower air

Region of the lower airs in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/236), also appearing in The Etymologies as compound of aiwe “bird” and nóre “land” (Ety/AIWĒ).

aikasse

noun. mountain peak

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “mountain peak”, an abstract noun formation of ᴹQ. aika “sharp” (Ety/AYAK).

ainulindale

proper name. Music of the Ainur

aia-

prefix. other, different (of larger numbers)

A prefix for “other, different” appearing Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/99). Tolkien considered several prior forms on the page where it appeared: {asta} >> {aia < asya} >> aia < ᴹ√AYA (PE23/99 note #27). Earlier drafts had {ar} (PE23/101 note #36) >> {ap-, apana-} >> {war- < gwar-} (PE23/102 note #36). Forms appearing in the rest of the document mostly showed {war(a)-} >> ai(a)-.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use later hya- as the basis for “other” words, as with (pron.) hya “other thing” and (adj.) hyana “other” (VT49/14).

aialli

a different number

The correlative ᴹQ. {waryalli >>} aialli “a different number” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/108 note #97), a combination of ᴹQ. aia- “other” and ᴹQ. -lli(ni) “number”.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. hyalli(ni) “a different number” using later hya for “other”.

aian(an)

adverb. at another time, at some other time

The correlative ᴹQ. {waryan(an) >>} aian(an) “at another time, at some other time” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/109 note #112), a combination of ᴹQ. aia- “other” and ᴹQ. -n(an) “time”. There was also waryallume in a draft section, deleted and not replaced (PE23/110 note #121).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. hyalumë “another time” using later hya for “other” and lúmë for “time”.

aiane

pronoun. anybody (thing, one) else; someone else, another

The correlative combinations ᴹQ. aiane or aine “anybody (thing, one) else; someone else, another” appeared Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/103 and note #42), both proniminal forms of ᴹQ. aia- “other”. These replaced various rejected forms: {arane, are} >> {warane, ware} >> {astane, asse, anasse} >> aiane, aine.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would use ᴺQ. hyaquen for “someone else, another”, Q. hya “other” and quén “person”.

aianima

adjective. of other sort, of other kind

The correlative ᴹQ. {warima >>} aianima “of other sort” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/107 note #89), a combination of ᴹQ. aia- “other” and ᴹQ. -ima “sort”. There was also arima (estima) “of other kind” in a draft section (PE23/106 note #80).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. hyalumë “of other sort, of other kind” using later hya for “other” and the later suffix -itë, as in taitë “of that sort”.

aikale

noun. peak

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “a peak”, an abstract noun formation of ᴹQ. aika “sharp” (Ety/AYAK).

aiárea

adjective. of different ages

A correlative combination appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/108), a combination of ᴹQ. aia- “other” and an adjectival form or ᴹQ. are “day”.

ailin

noun. pool, lake

aire

noun. sea

airen

noun. sea

ainu

noun. holy one, angelic spirit

aiwe

noun. (small) bird

ai(a)na

alien, strange, any other, of another sort, other; anything else, some other matter, a different matter

aia

adjective. other, different

aian imman

at any other time

aiano

noun. stranger, alien

aika

adjective. sharp

aina

adjective. holy

aini

noun. holy one, angelic spirit (f.), holy one, angelic spirit (f.); [ᴱQ.] (pagan) goddess

aiqa

adjective. steep, steep, [ᴱQ.] tall; high, lofty, sublime; chief

aira

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

aista-

verb. to dread

aina

pronoun. other

aine

pronoun. someone else, another (no personal forms)

aiqe e·kestanen, en(ai) ni·túlie/karnet

if he had asked me, I should have come/made it

aiqe e·kestanen ela en ni túlie/karnet

if he had asked me (he did not), I should have come/made it

aiqe e·kestuvan, ni·tuluva

If he asked me/were to ask me, I should come

aiqe kestuvan ni·tuluva

If he asked me/were he to ask, I should come

aiqe ni káraza (nila) san ette kára(za) yú

if I were doing this now (I am not), he would be doing it too

mai(y)a

noun. [unglossed]

maiwe

noun. gull

nai

interjection. alas

karpalimaite

noun. [unglossed]

vista

place name. Air

Name for the region of Air in Silmarillion notes from the 1930s (SM/236). It is simply vista “air as substance” used as a name.

vista

noun. air as substance

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s for “air as substance” derived from the root ᴹ√WIS “air” (Ety/WIS). Elsewhere ᴹQ. Vista was a name for the region of (Lower) Air as the home of the birds (SM/236), but since that term seems to have become Q. vilya, I would use vista in its sense “air as substance” (the thing you breath) from The Etymologies.

linde

noun. air, tune

má mene?

aiming at what?

hapámen

adverb. *aiming at about the same thing

A correlative combination in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. hap- “about the same” and ᴹQ. men- “aim”.

immámen

adverb. *aiming at anything

The correlative ᴹQ. immámen appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. imma “any” and ᴹQ. men- “aim”.

lalámen

adverb. *aiming at nothing

A correlative combination appearing as {laqámen >>} lalámen in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112 and note #149), combinations of ᴹQ. alla “none” and the allative suffix ᴹQ. men- “aim”.

linímen

adverb. *aiming at many things

A (rejected) correlative combination appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. li(n)- “several, many” and an adjectival form of ᴹQ. men- “aim at”.

mámen

adverb. why, aiming at what

A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/109), a combination of interrogative ᴹQ. ma and ᴹQ. men- “aim”.

onómen

adverb. *aiming at the identical thing

A correlative combination appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. on- “identical” and ᴹQ. -men “aims”.

qá(qa)men

adverb. *aiming at all things

A correlative combination appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. qa(qe)- “all” and ᴹQ. -men “aims”.

sámen

adverb. *aiming for that (mentioned)

A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. sa “that [anaphoric]” and ᴹQ. men- “aim”.

símen

adverb. *aiming at this

A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/108), a combination of ᴹQ. si “this” and ᴹQ. men- “aim”.

támen

adverb. *aiming at that

A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/108), a combination of ᴹQ. ta “that” and ᴹQ. men- “aim”.

umámen

adverb. *aiming at something

A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. uma- “some” and ᴹQ. men- “aim”.

ímen

adverb. *aiming at that (relative)

The correlative ᴹQ. ímen appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of the relative pronoun ᴹQ. i and ᴹQ. men- “aim”.

alla

interjection. hail!

men-

verb. to aim at; to wish, mean, intend

wilma

noun. inner or lower air

nwalma

noun. pain

immal(de)

adverb. anyhow

The correlative ᴹQ. immal(de) “anyhow” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. imma “any” and ᴹQ. -l(de) “way”.

Neo-Quenya: Since ᴹQ. imma “any” too closely resembles the later prefix Q. im- “same”, for purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. aiallë “anyhow” using the later suffix -llë and the hypothetical prefix ᴺQ. ai(a)- “any”; see that entry for discussion.

imman(de)

adverb. ever, at all, to any degree

The correlative ᴹQ. imman or immande “ever, at all, to any degree” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. imma “any” and ᴹQ. -n(de) “degree”.

Neo-Quenya: Since ᴹQ. imma “any” too closely resembles the later prefix Q. im- “same”, for purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. aiandë “ever, at all, to any degree” using the hypothetical prefix ᴺQ. ai(a)- “any”; see that entry for discussion.

immatwe

pronoun. either (when there is no choice)

The correlative ᴹQ. immatwe “either (when there is no choice)” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/107), a combination of ᴹQ. imma “any” and ᴹQ. atwe “one of the two”.

Neo-Quenya: Since ᴹQ. imma “any” too closely resembles the later prefix Q. im- “same”, for purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. aiatwë “either” using the hypothetical prefix ᴺQ. ai(a)- “any”; see that entry for discussion.

istimor

collective name. The Wise

Another name for the Noldor appearing in name lists and The Etymologies from the 1930s (LR/403, Ety/IS). It seems to be a combination of istima “wise” and the plural of the agental suffix -mo. It was initially written as Ainimor.

qáme

noun. sickness, sickness, [ᴱQ.] nausea

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sickness” under the root ᴹ√KWAM (Ety/KWAM). ᴱQ. qáme also appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with the glosses “sickness, nausea” under the early root ᴱ√QAMA (QL/76).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would assume this noun applies mainly to stomach illnesses and nausea, as opposed to general sickness which would be [ᴺQ.] hlívë.

tyulusse

noun. poplar-tree

A word for a “popular-tree” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶tyulussē under the root ᴹ√TYUL “stand up (straight)” (Ety/TYUL). ᴱQ. tyulusse “poplar” also appeared several times in Tolkien’s writings in the 1910s and 20s, already derived from the early root ᴱ√TYULU (QL/50; PME/50; PE16/139).

Conceptual Development: See the root ᴹ√TYUL for a discussion of later evolutions of its primitive forms.

líve

noun. sickness

A noun appearing as ᴹQ. líve “sickness” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶slīwē under the root ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” (Ety/SLIW). The ancient initial sl became voiceless hl, which was then voiced to l as was generally the case in The Etymologies. The root had a deleted variant ᴹ√LIW “be sickly, ill”, where líve appeared with the gloss “disease” (EtyAC/LIW).

Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writing, he usually retained hl- in spelling if not pronunciation; see the entry on how initial voiceless nasals and liquids were voiced for discussion. As such, most Neo-Quenya writers adapt this word as ᴺQ. hlívë. Given the gloss “disease” for its deleted form, I would further assume hlívë specifically refers to sickness by disease.

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had the word ᴱQ. leume “sickness” under the similar but earlier root ᴱ√LEẆE (QL/53).

-ina

suffix. adjective suffix; passive participle

-ite

suffix. (verbal) adjective ending

anna

noun. gift

a·istane

one learned

lindale

noun. music

mahtya

?. [unglossed]

makil

noun. sword

mána

adjective. blessed

tana

that

vea

noun. sea

íra

adjective. eternal

íre

noun. eternal, eternity?

-(n)ikka

suffix. small

-voite

suffix. adjective suffix

-ya

suffix. adjective suffix

a

preposition. [unglossed]

alama

noun. [unglossed]

almárea

adjective. blessed

alqa

noun. swan

amaldume

noun. [unglossed]

anaristya

noun. [unglossed]

aran

noun. child

This word first appeared as ᴱQ. ar (arn-) “child” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/32) and its stem form arn- appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/32). The word reappeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/135), but in the Early Noldorin Dictionary the Qenya form was given as arne. In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, the word appeared as ᴹQ. aran (arn-) “child” (PE21/19), but there is no sign of it from this point forward, probably displaced by Q. aran “king”.

assa

pronoun. [unglossed]

asse

pronoun. [unglossed]

asso

pronoun. [unglossed]

earen

noun. sea

ehte

noun. spear

ehtyar

noun. spearman

engwa

adjective. sickly

engwa

?. [unglossed]

ente

pronoun. [unglossed]

ento

pronoun. [unglossed]

eressea

adjective. lonely

ereáma

?. [unglossed]

erka-

verb. to prick

A verb for “to prick” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√EREK “thorn” (Ety/ERÉK).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. kenin “I prick” under the early root ᴱ√KENYE “prick” (QL/46), and Q. koli- “to prick” under ᴱ√KOLO (QL/47).

es

[unglossed]

falasse

noun. beach

halda

adjective. tall

halla

adjective. tall

helen

noun. icicle

hyelma

?. [unglossed]

in

pronoun. that

ista

noun. knowledge

istare

noun. knowledge

istya

noun. knowledge

kaltua

?. [unglossed]

kanda

noun. [unglossed]

kantele

noun. music, music; [ᴱQ.] harping; repetition

karne

adjective. red

kelulinde

noun. spring

A word for “spring” in the Declension of Nouns of the early 1930s, a combination of ᴹQ. kelu- “flow” and ᴹQ. linde “pool” (PE21/10). ᴱQ. kelusindi “river (near its source)” = ᴱQ. kelu- + sindi from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s is similar in structure (QL/46).

kulo

noun. flame

A word for “flame” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KUL “golden-red”, but this word was deleted (EtyAC/KUL).

laqe[t]-

verb. [unglossed]

lau(w)e

?. [unglossed]

linde

noun. pool

linya

noun. pool

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “pool” derived from the root ᴹ√LIN of the same meaning (Ety/LIN¹).

Conceptual Development: A similar word ᴹQ. linde “pool” appears in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/10), but this word is probably best avoided, as it clashes with Q. lindë “singing, song” (PE17/80).

mahtar

noun. warrior, warrior, [ᴱQ.] soldier

makal

noun. sword

maldo

noun. [unglossed]

mane

pronoun. who

min

cardinal. one

mine

cardinal. one

mintye

noun. peak

A word in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s glossed “peak” given as an example for the Quenya declension of nouns ending in -ye (PE22/44). It is probably a derivative of ᴹ√MIN “stand alone, stick out”.

mitsa

adjective. small

nandakka-

verb. [unglossed]

nasta-

verb. to prick, sting, to sting, prick

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “prick, sting” under the root ᴹ√NAS “point, sharp end” (Ety/NAS).

nende

noun. pool

nerno

?. [unglossed]

niule

?. [unglossed]

nár(e)

noun. flame

ohtakáro

noun. warrior

ohtatyaro

noun. warrior

oio

noun. bird

oira

adjective. eternal

olta-

verb. [unglossed]

rampa

?. [unglossed]

rip-

verb. to hurl

sahte

noun. [unglossed]

sarya

noun. [unglossed]

seldo

noun. child, child [m.], *boy

A word for a (male) child in The Etymologies of the 1930s added to its entry when the meaning of the root ᴹ√SEL-D was changed from “daughter” to “child” (Ety/SEL-D). It was written above its feminine equivalent ᴹQ. selde and an apparently neuter form ᴹQ. selda was written to the right, making seldo likely the masculine form as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne (EtyAC/SEL-D), hence = “✱boy”.

sin

adverb. now

sisíria-

verb. [unglossed]

séra

?. [unglossed]

sóla

?. [unglossed]

tane

pronoun. that

tante

noun. [unglossed]

tatalta-

verb. [unglossed]

teuka

?. [unglossed]

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

timpana

noun. [unglossed]

toina

adjective. [unglossed]

toróma

noun. [unglossed]

tunda

adjective. tall

tyue

noun. [unglossed]

varinye

noun. [unglossed]

yelme

noun. [unglossed]

á

interjection. Oh!

éma

?. [unglossed]