Quenya 

-ma

suffix. instrumental

Derivations

  • -mā “instrumental suffix”

Element in

  • Q. carma “tool, implement, means, weapon”
  • Q. corma “ring”
  • ᴺQ. hlarma “earpiece, receiver”
  • Q. lícuma “taper, candle” ✧ MC/223
  • Q. tamma “tool”
  • Q. yulma “cup, drinking vessel, drinking implement, goblet”

-nwa

passive suffix

-nwa is said to be "a passive suffix" irregularly occurring in the word vanwa "lost" (PE17:63), the word seems to be irregular since the underlying root means "go away" and so vanwa is in a sense a past active participle, *"having gone". Compare PE17:68.

as

with

as prep. "with" (together with), also attested with a pronominal suffix: aselyë "with thee" (VT47:31, VT43:29). The conjunction ar "and" may also appear in assimilated form as before s; see ar #1.

as

with

o (2) prep. "with" (MC:216; this is "Qenya"; WJ:367 states that no independent preposition o was used in Quenya. Writers may rather use as.) See ó- below.

as

preposition. with

Derivations

  • AS “beside”

Element in

-nen

suffix. instrumental

Derivations

  • -mē̆n “instrumental, with (which)” ✧ PE21/79
Quenya [PE17/062; PE21/79] Group: Eldamo. Published by

car-

with

#car- (2) prep. "with" (carelyë "with thee"), prepositional element (evidently an ephemeral form abandoned by Tolkien) (VT43:29)

preposition. with, with, [ᴹQ.] by, [ᴱQ.] with (accompaniment)

Cognates

  • S. di “with” ✧ PE17/095

Derivations

  • “with” ✧ PE17/095

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
> > [dē] > [lē]✧ PE17/095

Variations

  • ✧ PE17/095 ()

ó

with, accompanying

Quenya [PE 22:162] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

with

(2) prep. "with" (PE17:95)

ó

preposition. with

Changes

  • ó ✧ PE22/162

Element in

Variations

  • ✧ PE22/162 ()
  • ó- ✧ VT43/29
Quenya [PE22/162; VT43/29; VT43/36] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Sindarin 

na

preposition. with, by (also used as a genitive sign)

Sindarin [Ety/374, LotR/I:XII] Group: SINDICT. Published by

na

preposition. to, towards, at

Sindarin [Ety/374, LotR/I:XII] Group: SINDICT. Published by

di

preposition. with

_ prep. _with. Q. .

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] < _dē_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

di

preposition. with

Changes

  • didi “with” ✧ PE17/095

Cognates

  • Q. “with, with, [ᴹQ.] by, [ᴱQ.] with (accompaniment)” ✧ PE17/095

Derivations

  • “with” ✧ PE17/095

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
> di[dē] > [dī] > [di]✧ PE17/095

Variations

  • di ✧ PE17/095 (di)
Sindarin [PE17/095] Group: Eldamo. Published by

na

with

(in instrumental sense?) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salos reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”

na

with

(followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”

Black Speech

sha

preposition. with

Element in

Black Speech [LotR/0445; PE17/079; PM/083] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Adûnaic

-ma

suffix. instrumental (draft)

The suffix used for the draft-instrumental case, translated “with” (SD/438). In a later conceptual stage, it became the ordinary prepositional suffix -mâ. Carl Hostetter and Partick Wynne suggested (VSH/33, AAD/19) that the deleted form -men on SD/311 is a separate prepositional suffix “on” related to ᴹQ. men “place”, but I believe it is a variant of the plural instrumental form -main.

Adûnaic [SD/311; SD/438] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-mâ

preposition. with

A prepositional suffix translated “with” (SD/247, 429).

Conceptual Development: At an earlier conceptual stage, it was the grammatical inflection -ma used for the draft-instrumental (SD/438).

Element in

Variations

  • -mā ✧ SD/247
  • ✧ SD/429
Adûnaic [SD/247; SD/429] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

-mā

suffix. instrumental suffix

Derivatives

  • Q. -ma “instrumental”

Element in

  • kambā “(cupped) hand” ✧ VT47/20
  • labmā “*(physical) tongue” ✧ WJ/416
  • phanmā “veil, screen” ✧ PE17/180
  • syandā “pressed mass, crowd, crowd, pressed mass, [ᴹ✶] throng” ✧ PE18/101
  • tekma “pen” ✧ PE17/044
  • teñwā “letter, sign, token” ✧ PE22/149
  • yulmā “drinking-vessel” ✧ WJ/416
  • Q. calma “lamp, (device for shining) light, lamp, (device for shining) light, [ᴱQ.] candle; (day)light” ✧ PE17/180
  • Q. cauma “protection, shelter, shield” ✧ PE17/108
  • ᴺQ. haswa “medicine”
  • ᴺQ. leppa “thimble”
  • ᴺQ. lóma “moss”
  • ᴺQ. lunwa “fin, (lit.) swim-thing”
  • ᴺQ. niswa “censer”
  • ᴺQ. ñulma “mystery”
  • ᴺQ. nuqua “obstacle”
  • ᴺQ. palma “flat tool, flat plank, oar”
  • Q. parma “book, writing, composition, written document of some size, book, writing, composition, written document of some size; [ᴱQ.] skin, bark; parchment” ✧ PE17/180; PE18/101
  • ᴺQ. quilma “paint”
  • ᴺQ. ramma “lever”
  • ᴺQ. rincuma “task, charge, mission”
  • ᴺQ. ronwa “block, solid piece”
  • ᴺQ. tirma “spyglass”
  • ᴺQ. tyalma “toy, plaything”
  • ᴺQ. ulma “flagon, *pitcher”
  • ᴺQ. ur(u)ma “coal, charcoal”
  • ᴺQ. varma “armour, armor”
  • ᴺQ. venwa “lime (fruit)”
  • Q. yulma “cup, drinking vessel, drinking implement, goblet” ✧ PE17/068; PE17/068; PE17/180
  • ᴺS. barf “armour, armor”
  • ᴺS. corf “ring (for fingers)”
  • ᴺS. olf “jar, flagon, *pitcher”

Variations

  • ✧ PE17/044; PE22/138 ()
  • -mā̆ ✧ PE18/101
  • n-ā̆ ✧ PE18/101
  • n-ā ✧ PE18/101
Primitive elvish [PE17/044; PE17/068; PE17/108; PE17/180; PE18/101; PE22/138; PE22/149; VT47/19; VT47/20; WJ/416] Group: Eldamo. Published by

preposition. with

Derivatives

  • Q. “with, with, [ᴹQ.] by, [ᴱQ.] with (accompaniment)” ✧ PE17/095
  • S. di “with” ✧ PE17/095
Primitive elvish [PE17/095] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

na

preposition. with, by (also used as a genitive sign)

Noldorin [Ety/374, LotR/I:XII] Group: SINDICT. Published by

na

preposition. to, towards, at

Noldorin [Ety/374, LotR/I:XII] Group: SINDICT. Published by

an-

prefix. with, by

Noldorin [Ety/374] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

-ma

suffix. instrumental

Element in

  • ᴹQ. sanguma “press, *thing that presses” ✧ PE21/08
  • ᴹQ. tyelma “ending”

ve

preposition. with

Element in

Middle Primitive Elvish

-mā

suffix. passive suffix, the result of a processs

Element in

  • ᴹ✶parmā “book” ✧ PE18/051
  • ᴹQ. tulma “event”
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE18/051] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

-ma

suffix. passive participle

Variations

  • -ma ✧ PE14/056
Early Quenya [PE14/056] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ma

suffix. a; some, certain

-(u)ma

suffix. a, an; some, certain

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MA “root of indef[inite]”

Variations

  • -ma ✧ PE14/042; PE14/071
  • -uma ✧ PE14/042; PE14/071; PE15/67
  • ma ✧ PE15/67
Early Quenya [PE14/042; PE14/071; PE15/67] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-we

suffix. a, an

Early Quenya [PE14/030; PE14/033] Group: Eldamo. Published by