undómë

twilight

undómë noun "twilight", usually of the time near evening, not near dawn (that is tindómë)

yualë

twilight

yualë noun "twilight" (KAL). Also yúcalë. Cf. yúyal.

yúcalë

twilight

yúcalë ("k")noun "twilight" (KAL, VT45:13). Also yualë.

yúyal

twilight

yúyal noun "twilight" (PE17:169); cf. yualë, yúcalë, q.v.

yúyal

noun. twilight

Cognates

• S. uial “twilight, evendim” ✧ PE17/153; PE17/169

Derivations

• ✶yuyuñal “twilight” ✧ PE17/169

Elements

Word	Gloss
yu-	“both, both, [ᴱQ.] twice”
GAL	“light; shine, be bright”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶yuy(u)ŋal > yúyal	[jujŋal] > [jujɣal] > [jujal] > [jūjal]	✧ PE17/169

Variations

• úyale ✧ PE17/153

úyalë

noun. twilight

lómë

dusk, twilight

lómë noun "dusk, twilight", also "night"; according to SD:415, the stem is lómi- (contrast the "Qenya" genitive lómen rather than **lómin in VT45:28). According to PE17:152, lómë refers to night "when viewed favourably, as a rule, but it became the general rule" (cf. SD:414-415 regarding lōmi as an Adûnaic loan-word based on lómë, meaning "fair night, a night of stars" with "no connotations of gloom or fear"). In the battle-cry auta i lómë "the night is passing" (Silm. ch. 20), the "night" would however seem to refer metaphorically to the reign of Morgoth. As for the gloss, cf. Lómion masc. name "Child of Twilight [dusk]", the Quenya name Aredhel secretly gave to Maeglin _(SA). Otherwise lómë is usually defined as "night" (Letters:308, LR:41, SD:302 cf.414-15, SA:dú)_; the _Etymologies defines lómë as "Night [as phenomenon], night-time, shades of night, Dark" (DO3/DŌ, LUM, DOMO, VT45:28), or "night-light" (VT45:28, reading of _lómë uncertain). In early "Qenya" the gloss was "dusk, gloom, darkness" (LT1:255). Cf. lómelindëpl. lómelindi "nightingale" _(SA:dú, LR:41; SD:302, MR:172, DO3/DŌ, LIN2, TIN). _Derived adjective #lómëa "gloomy" in Lómëanor "Gloomyland"; see Taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna...

usque

noun. dusk, twilight

Ilma

starlight

Ilma noun "starlight" (GIL)

Ilmarë

starlight

Ilmarë noun "starlight", also fem. name, referring to a Maia (GIL, SA:ilm-)

silmë

starlight

silmë noun "starlight", also name of tengwa #29 (Appendix E), though in the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, the name silmë instead applied to tengwa #3 (VT46:13). Silmë nuquerna "_s reversed", name of tengwa #30, similar to normal silmë but turned upside down (Appendix E)_. In the Etymologies, stem SIL, silmë is defined as the "light of Silpion" (Telperion), and also a poetic word for "silver".

silmë

noun. starlight, starlight; [ᴹQ.] silver [light], moonlight, light of Silpion

A word for “starlight” and also the name of tengwa #29 [i] (LotR/1123), clearly derived from the root √SIL.

Conceptual Development: The earliest hint of this word was in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s where ᴱQ. silmea seems to be an adjective meaning “✱lunar” (QL/56). ᴱQ. silme also seems to be an adjectival element “gleaming, silver” in ᴱQ. silmerána “gleaming moon, silver moon” from the Oilima Markirya poem and its drafts from around 1930 (MC/220; PE16/75). In The Etymologies of the 1930s ᴹQ. silme was derived from primitive ᴹ✶silimē “light of Silpion, †silver” under the root ᴹ√SIL “shine silver” (Ety/SIL) and thus seems to mean “moonlight”. Indeed, silme had the gloss “moonlight” in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1930s and 40s (PE22/22, 51), where it was already the name of tengwa #29. It became “starlight” in Appendix E of The Lord of the Rings, however (LotR/1123), and elsewhere “moonlight” was isilmë (MC/223).

Derivations

• √SIL “shine (white or silver)”

Element in

• Q. isilmë “moonlight”
• Q. silmë nuquerna “s-reversed” ✧ LotR/1123

Variations

• silme ✧ LotR/1123

Fui

night

Fui noun "Night" (PHUY) - variant Hui, which form is probably to be preferred in light of Tolkien's later insight that the related word fuinë (see below) is actually Telerin, the proper Quenya form being huinë.

Hui

night

Hui noun "Night" (PHUY), in earlier "Qenya" defined as "evening" _(MC:214) or"fog, dark, murk, night" (LT1:253)._

mori

night

mori noun "night" (LT1:261, in Tolkien's later Quenya mórë, morë)

olo

night

?olo (reading uncertain), possibly a synonym of ló #1, hence noun "night" (VT45:28)

undómë

noun. twilight, time near evening

Cognates

• S. aduial “(evening) twilight, (evening) twilight, *evening” ✧ LotR/1111

Element in

• Q. Undómiel “Evenstar” ✧ LotRI/Arwen

Elements

Word	Gloss
?
lómë	“night, dimness, twilight, dusk, darkness, night, dimness, twilight, dusk, darkness, [ᴹQ.] night-time, shades of night, gloom; [ᴱQ.] shadow, cloud”

Variations

• Undómë ✧ LotRI/Arwen

ló

night, a night

ló (1) noun "night, a night" (DO3/DŌ, VT45:28)

lómë

noun. night, dimness, twilight, dusk, darkness, night, dimness, twilight, dusk, darkness, [ᴹQ.] night-time, shades of night, gloom; [ᴱQ.] shadow, cloud

Cognates

• S. dû “night, dimness; dim, dark, night, dimness; [N.] night-fall, late evening; [S.] dim, dark” ✧ PE17/152; SA/dú; SA/lómë

Derivations

• ✶dōmē “night, twilight” ✧ PE17/152; SA/dú
  • √DOM “dark, dark, [ᴹ√] faint, dim” ✧ PE17/152
• √DOM “dark, dark, [ᴹ√] faint, dim” ✧ PE22/153

Element in

• Q. Aldalómë “Tree-twilight” ✧ RC/385
• Q. auta i lómë “The night is passing!” ✧ S/190; WJ/166
• Q. Hísilómë “Land of Mist, (lit.) Mist-and-Dusk”
• ᴺQ. illómëa “nightly”
• Q. lómëa “shadowed, gloomy, shadowed, gloomy, *dusk-like” ✧ PE17/081
• Q. Lómëanor “Gloomyland” ✧ Let/308
• Q. lómelindë “nightingale, (lit.) dusk-singer” ✧ SA/dú; SA/lómë
• Q. Lómion “Son of Twilight” ✧ SA/lómë
• ᴺQ. lómivehtë “night life”
• ᴺQ. silomë “tonight”
• Q. Taurelilómëa “Forestmanyshadowed” ✧ Let/308
• Q. Tauremornalómë “*Forest (of) Black Night”
• Q. tindómë “(starry) twilight, (usually) time near dawn, (starry) twilight, time near dawn, [ᴹQ.] starlit dusk”
• Q. undómë “twilight, time near evening”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶dōmē > lómë	[dōmē] > [lōmē] > [lōme]	✧ PE17/152
√DOM > lóme	[dōmē] > [lōmē] > [lōme]	✧ PE22/153
✶dōmē > lómë	[dōmē] > [lōmē] > [lōme]	✧ SA/dú

Variations

• lóme ✧ Let/308; PE17/081; PE17/120; PE22/153 (lóme)
• lômí ✧ PE17/087 (lômí)
• Lómë ✧ RC/385

histë

dusk

histë noun "dusk" (LT1:255)

hísë

dusk

hísë (2) noun "dusk" (LT1:255). A "Qenya" form possibly obsoleted by #1 above.

usque

noun. dusk

dusk

usquë

reek

usquë ("q")noun "reek" (USUK). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, usquë was also the name of tengwa #16, which at this conceptual stage had the value squ (VT46:20). Later, Tolkien would call this letter unquë, with the value nqu.

ilma Reconstructed

proper name. Starlight

An (archaic?) name for “Starlight”, it is not directly attested in Tolkien’s later writing, but appears as an element in several names (SA/ilm). It is a derivative of the root √(Ñ)GIL “shine (white)”. Elsewhere, the usual Quenya word for “starlight” is given as silmë (LotR/1123).

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. ilma “air” appeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/142). The name ᴹQ. Ilma “Starlight” is directly attested in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/205), where it first appeared as Silma (SM/240). Ilma also appeared in The Etymologies as a derivative of ᴹ√GIL (Ety/GIL), which is the source of the etymology noted above.

Derivations

• √(Ñ)GIL “shine (white); silver glint; white or silver light”

Element in

• Q. Ilmarë ✧ SA/ilm
• Q. Ilmarin “Mansion of the High Airs” ✧ SA/ilm
• Q. Ilmen “*Place of Starlight” ✧ SA/ilm

Variations

• ilm- ✧ SA/ilm

tinnu

noun. *twilight, [N.] (starry) twilight, dusk, early night (without moon)

Cognates

• Q. tindómë “(starry) twilight, (usually) time near dawn, (starry) twilight, time near dawn, [ᴹQ.] starlit dusk”

Element in

• S. Tinúviel “Nightingale, (lit.) Daughter of Twilight” ✧ PE19/073

Elements

Word	Gloss
TIN	“sparkle, spark, sparkle, spark, [ᴱ√] twinkle, [ᴹ√] emit slender (silver pale) beams”
dû	“night, dimness; dim, dark, night, dimness; [N.] night-fall, late evening; [S.] dim, dark”

Variations

• Tinnú ✧ PE19/073 (Tinnú)

uial

noun. twilight

uial

noun. twilight

_ n. _twilight. Q. úyale, yúyal.

uial

noun. twilight, evendim

Cognates

• Q. yúyal “twilight” ✧ PE17/153; PE17/169

Derivations

• ✶yuyuñal “twilight” ✧ PE17/169

Element in

• S. aduial “(evening) twilight, (evening) twilight, *evening” ✧ LotR/1111
• S. Aelin-uial “Meres of Twilight” ✧ SA/uial
• S. Emyn Uial “Hills of Evendim” ✧ LotRI/Emyn Uial
• S. minuial “(dawn) twilight” ✧ LotR/1111
• S. Gladuial “*Twilight Wood”
• S. Nenuial “Lake Evendim, (lit.) Water of Twilight” ✧ SA/uial

Elements

Word	Gloss
ui-	“twi-”
GAL	“light; shine, be bright”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶yuy(u)ŋal > uial	[jujuŋal] > [jujuɣal] > [jujual] > [juial] > [juial]	✧ PE17/169

Variations

• Uial ✧ LotRI/Emyn Uial

dû

night

_ n. _night (when viewed favourably). Q. lóme.

moth

noun. dusk

Element in

• ᴺS. mothren “dusk, dusky”
• S. Nan Elmoth “*Valley of Starry Dusk” ✧ SA/moth
• S. Gilammoth

fuin

noun. night, dead of night, gloom, darkness

dû

dusk

(i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).

osp

reek

(noun) osp (smoke), pl. ysp: _

osp

reek

(smoke), pl. ysp

minuial

twilight

(i vinuial) (dawn, morrowdim), pl. minuiail (i minuiail).

muil

twilight

(i vuil) (dreariness, shadow, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil)

tinnu

twilight

(i** dinnu, o thinnu) (dusk, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i** thynny) if there is a pl.

uial

twilight

1) uial (pl. uiail if there is a pl.). This can be specified as: 1) (morning twilight) minuial (i vinuial) (dawn, morrowdim), pl. minuiail (i minuiail). 2) (second twilight, before nightfall) aduial (evendim, the time of evening when the stars come out), pl. aduiail. Other terms for twilight: 1) tinnu (i dinnu, o thinnu) (dusk, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl. 2) muil (i vuil) (dreariness, shadow, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil)

gilgalad

starlight

1) gilgalad (i ngilgalad = i ñilgalad, o n**gilgalad, pl. gilgelaid (in gilgelaid = i ñgilgelaid) if there is a plural form. 2) gilith (also used = Quenya Ilmen, the region of stars) (i ngilith = i ñilith, o n**gilith) _These mutations presupposed that the root is Ñ, as in MR:388, rather than _ as in the Etymologies (LR:358).

gilgalad

starlight

(i ngilgalad = i ñilgalad, o n’gilgalad, pl. gilgelaid (in gilgelaid = i ñgilgelaid) if there is a plural form.

gilith

starlight

(also used = Quenya Ilmen, the region of stars) (i ngilith = i ñilith, o n’gilith) These mutations presupposed that the root is

dû

night

1) dû (i dhû) (nightfall, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302), 2) morn (i vorn) (darkness), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”dark, black” (Letters:386).

dû

night

(i dhû) (nightfall, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)

fuin

night, nightshade, dead of night

(gloom, darkness). No distinct pl. form.

morn

night

(i vorn) (darkness), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”dark, black” (Letters:386).

daw

nighttime

(i dhaw) (gloom), pl. doe (i noe), coll. pl. ?dawath or ?doath.

dúath

nightshade

(i dhúath) (dark shadow), pl. dúaith (i núaith).

moth

dusk

1) moth (i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read *môth with a long vowel. 2) dû (i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).

moth

dusk

(i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read ✱môth with a long vowel.

tinnu

dusk

tinnu (i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.

tinnu

dusk

(i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.

tinnu

early night without a moon

(i dinnu, o thinnu) (dusk, twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.

tindōmi

noun. *twilight

Element in

• ✶Tindōmiselde “Nightingale, (lit.) Daughter of Twilight” ✧ PE19/073

Elements

Word	Gloss
TIN	“sparkle, spark, sparkle, spark, [ᴱ√] twinkle, [ᴹ√] emit slender (silver pale) beams”
dōmē	“night, twilight”

yuyuñal

noun. twilight

Derivatives

• Q. yúyal “twilight” ✧ PE17/169
• S. uial “twilight, evendim” ✧ PE17/169

Elements

Word	Gloss
YU	“both, both, [ᴹ√] two”
Ñ(G)AL	“gleam, sheen, shine (by reflection)”

Variations

• yuy(u)ŋal ✧ PE17/169

dōmē

noun. night, twilight

Derivations

• √DOM “dark, dark, [ᴹ√] faint, dim” ✧ PE17/152

Derivatives

• Q. lómë “night, dimness, twilight, dusk, darkness, night, dimness, twilight, dusk, darkness, [ᴹQ.] night-time, shades of night, gloom; [ᴱQ.] shadow, cloud” ✧ PE17/152; SA/dú
• S. dû “night, dimness; dim, dark, night, dimness; [N.] night-fall, late evening; [S.] dim, dark” ✧ PE17/152; SA/dú

Element in

• ✶tindōmi “*twilight”
• Q. tindómë “(starry) twilight, (usually) time near dawn, (starry) twilight, time near dawn, [ᴹQ.] starlit dusk” ✧ NM/279
• Q. undómë “twilight, time near evening” ✧ NM/279

us(u)kwē

noun. dusk

Derivations

• √USUK “dusk, evening, *reek, smoke; dusk, evening” ✧ PE18/100; PE21/71

Derivatives

• Q. usquë “dusk, dim light, [ᴹQ.] reek, *smoke; [Q.] dusk, dim light, [ᴹQ.] twilight; [ᴱQ.] fog” ✧ PE18/100; PE21/71

Variations

• uskwē ✧ PE18/100
• usukwē ✧ PE21/71

uial

noun. twilight

uial

noun. twilight

Cognates

• ᴹQ. yúkale “twilight” ✧ Ety/KAL

Derivations

• ᴹ√YŪ “two, both” ✧ Ety/KAL
• ᴹ√KAL “shine” ✧ Ety/KAL

Element in

• N. Oelinuial “Pools of Twilight”
• N. Nenuial “Evendimmer”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√YŪ > uial	[juigal] > [uigal] > [uiɣal] > [uial]	✧ Ety/KAL
ᴹ√KAL > uigâl	[juikal] > [uikal] > [uigal] > [uigāl]	✧ Ety/KAL

Variations

• uigâl ✧ EtyAC/KAL (uigâl)

gil-galad

masculine name. Starlight

Elements

Word	Gloss
geil	“star”
calad	“light”

Variations

• gilgalad ✧ Ety/GIL
• Gilgalad ✧ SDI2/Gilgalad

gilgalad

noun. starlight

tindu

noun. starry twilight

tinnu

noun. starry twilight

daw

noun. night-time, gloom

tindu

noun. dusk, twilight, early night (without Moon)

tinnu

noun. dusk, twilight, early night (without Moon)

tinnu

noun. (starry) twilight, dusk, early night (without moon)

Cognates

• ᴹQ. tindóme “(starry) twilight, starlit dusk” ✧ Ety/DOMO; Ety/TIN
• Ilk. tindum “(starry) twilight, starlight” ✧ Ety/THIN

Derivations

• ᴹ√TIN “sparkle, emit slender (silver pale) beams” ✧ Ety/THIN
• ᴹ√DOM “faint, dim” ✧ Ety/TIN

Element in

• N. Aran Dinnu “King of Twilight” ✧ Ety/THIN; Ety/TIN
• N. Tindobel “Twilit City, Starlit City” ✧ Ety/TIN

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√DOM > tindumh > tindu > tinnu	[tindōmi] > [tindōme] > [tindūme] > [tindūm] > [tindum] > [tinduv] > [tindu] > [tinnu]	✧ Ety/TIN

fuin

noun. night, dead of night, gloom, darkness

osp

noun. reek, smoke