toba- (i doba, i thobar) (roof over). Cited as a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -o (tobo)
Noldorin
toba-
verb. to cover, roof over
toba-
verb. to cover, roof over
orthel-
verb. to roof, screen above
Sindarin
toba
cover
toba
roof over
toba- (i doba, i thobar) (cover). Cited as a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -o (tobo).
toba
roof over
(i** doba, i** thobar) (cover). Cited as a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -o (tobo).**
toba
cover
(i doba, i thobar) (roof over). Cited as a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -o (tobo)
tobas
roof, roofing
(i** dobas, o thobas), pl. tebais (i** thebais) for archaic pl. töbais (VT46:19)
escal
cover
(a cover that hides) escal (screen, veil), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail).
escal
cover
(screen, veil), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail).
orthel
roof
(verb.) orthel- (i orthel, in erthelir for archaic in örthelir) (screen above);
orthel
roof
(i orthel, in erthelir for archaic in örthelir) (screen above);
telu
roof
(noun, high roof) telu (i delu, o thelu) (dome), pl. tely (i thely);
telu
roof
(i delu, o thelu) (dome), pl. tely (i thely);
Quenya
tel
roof
tel noun "roof" (LT1:268). Rather tópa in Tolkiens later Quenya.
top-
verb. cover
top- vb. "cover" (1st pers. aorist topë "covers"), pa.t. tompë (TOP). Variant tup-, q.v.
tup-
verb. cover
#tup- vb. "cover", isolated from untúpa, q.v. Variant top- in the Etymologies.
tup-
verb. to cover, to cover, [ᴱQ.] put a lid on, put hat on, roof
A verb appearing as an element in untup- “cover over/down”, so likely “✱cover”, based on the root √TUP of similarly meaning (PE17/73).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. tupu- “roof, put lid on, put hat on, cover” under the early root ᴱ√TUPU (QL/95). Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱQ. tump- “cover”, probably of similar derivation. The Etymologies of the 1930s instead had ᴹQ. tope “covers” under the root ᴹ√TOP “cover, roof” (Ety/TOP). It seems that by the time The Lord of the Rings was finished, Tolkien had reverted to √TUP “cover”.
tópa
roof
tópa noun "roof" (TOP)
tópa-
verb. roof
tópa- vb. "roof" (TOP)
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
Qenya
top-
verb. to cover
tópa
noun. roof
A noun for “roof” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√TOP “cover, roof” (Ety/TOP).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had a similar form ᴱQ. túpo “roof, cover, lid” under the early root ᴱ√TUPU (QL/95), with just the gloss “roof” in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/95). It also had a couple of other unrelated words: ᴱQ. tel (teld-) “roof” and ᴱQ. telin (telimb-) “roof, covering” both derived from the early root ᴱ√TELE (QL/90).
Gnomish
teld
noun. roof
telthon
noun. roof
tub-
verb. to cover
Early Quenya
tel
noun. roof
tildi-
verb. to cover
A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as tildir “I cover” under the early root ᴱ√TḶDḶ (QL/93).
tump-
verb. to cover
A verb appearing in its [Noldorin] infinitive form tobo “to cover, roof over” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√TOP “cover, roof” (Ety/TOP; EtyAC/TOP).
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. tub- “cover” (GL/71) clearly based on the early root ᴱ√TUPU (QL/095).