Quenya 

taure

noun. forest

Quenya [PE 22:116] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

taurë

noun. forest, (great) wood

The common Quenya word for “forest”, derived from the root √TAW “wood” (PE17/115; VT39/7).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon Tolkien had ᴱQ. tauno “great forest” derived from the root ᴱ√TAVA “beam” (QL/90). It seems to have had the form taur- in the early name ᴱQ. Rúsitaurion “Son of the Weary Forest” (LT2/89), and the form was ᴱQ. taure in the Oilima Markirya and its various drafts (MC/213, 220; PE16/62 ff.). In Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s it briefly had the form taurie (PE16/138). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it had the form ᴹQ. taure “great wood, forest” as a derivative of the root ᴹ√TAWAR of similar meaning (Ety/TÁWAR). It was mentioned regularly in Tolkien’s later writings, generally with the gloss “forest”.

Quenya [Let/308; LotR/1131; MC/222; PE17/080; PE17/082; PE17/115; SA/taur; VT39/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

taurë

(great) wood, forest

taurë noun "(great) wood, forest" (SA:taur, Letters:308, TÁWAR. VT39:7), pl. tauri in Markirya

taurëa

adjective. forested

A word for “forested” appearing in the Entish phrase Tumbaletaurëa “Deepvalleyforested” (LotR/1131), it is simply the adjective form of taurë “forest”.

taurëa

forested

#taurëa adj. "forested" in Tumbaletaurëa, see Taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna...

tauretavárëa

tauretavárëa

tauretavárëa, see #tavárëa

taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna tumbaletaurëa lómëanor

Taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna Tumbaletaurëa Lómëanor

Quenya [Let/448; LotR/0467; LotR/1131] Group: Eldamo. Published by

taurelilómëa

place name. Forestmanyshadowed

A descriptive name of Fangorn appearing in the even longer Entish description of that land: Taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna Tumbaletaurëa Lómëanor (LotR/467). The name is a combination of the partitive plural taureli “forest-many” of taurë “forest” and lómëa “shadowed” (LotR/1131, Let/308).

Quenya [Let/448; LotR/0467; LotR/1131] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tauremornalómë

place name. *Forest (of) Black Night

A name of Fangorn forest, longer form of Tauremorna (LotR/469). This name is a compound of taurë “forest”, morna “black” and lómë “night”.

Quenya [LotR/0469; LotRI/Tauremornalómë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

taurelasselindon

like leaves of forests

taurelasselindon "like leaves of forests" (MC:213, 220; this is a "Qenya" similative form: taure-lasseli-ndon "forest-leaves-like")

tauremorna

place name. Black Forest

A name of Fangorn forest, shorter form of Tauremornalómë (LotR/469), translated “Black Forest” (PE17/82). This name is a compound of taurë “forest” and morna “black” (RC/385, PE17/82).

Quenya [LotR/0469; PE17/082; RC/385] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna Tumbaletaurëa Lómëanor

forestmanyshadowed-deepvalleyblack deepvalleyforested gloomyland

Taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna Tumbaletaurëa Lómëanor "Forestmanyshadowed-deepvalleyblack Deepvalleyforested Gloomyland", Quenya elements agglutinated in Entish fashion; this supposedly means something like "there is a black shadow in the deep dales of the forest" (LotR2:III ch. 4; translated in Appendix F under "Ents"; cf. also Letters:308) Earlier (TLT) version in TI:415: Tauretavárëa Tumbalemorna Tumbaletaurëa landatavárë, perhaps *"forest-wooden deepvalleyblack deepvalleyforested wide-wood."

Tauremorna

black forest

Tauremorna place-name, "black forest" (LotR2:III ch. 4, translated in PE17:82). Tauremornalómë place-name, *"Forest (of) Black Night" (LotR2:III ch. 4)

tarwë

cross, crucifix

tarwë noun "cross, Crucifix" (QL:89)

tarwë

noun. cross, crucifix

@@@ later etymology unclear

ve tauri lillassië

like leaves of forests

The fifteenth line of the Markirya poem (MC/222). The first word is ve “like”, followed the plural of taurë “forest” and the plural of the adjective lillassëa “having many leaves”, in agreement with the noun.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> ve taur-i lillass-ië = “✱like forest-(plural) manyleaved-(plural)”

tumba

adjective. deep valley, [ᴹQ.] deep, lowlying; [Q.] deep valley

The adjective ᴹQ. tumba “deep, lowlying” appeared in rough (and ultimately rejected) notes on irregular verbs from the Quenya Verbal System of the late 1940s as a derivative of ᴹ√TUB “fall low, go down” (PE22/127). In a 1961 letter to Rhona Beare tumba was glossed “deep valley” as an element in the Entish phrase Q. Taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna Tumbaletaurëa Lómëanor “Forestmanyshadowed-deepvalleyblack Deepvalleyforested Gloomyland” (Let/308; LotR/467), but I think this is only an approximate translation, and the word is better understood as adjectival in sense: “✱like a deep valley”. As further evidence of this, in notes from the late 1960s the form tumba was changed to a more typical noun form Q. tumbo in the name Q. i Tumbo Tarmacorto “the Vale of the High Mountain Circle” (NM/351).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d treat this word as an adjective only, and use Q. tumbo for the noun.

Quenya [Let/308; NM/355] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lómë

dusk, twilight

lómë noun "dusk, twilight", also "night"; according to SD:415, the stem is lómi- (contrast the "Qenya" genitive lómen rather than **lómin in VT45:28). According to PE17:152, lómë refers to night "when viewed favourably, as a rule, but it became the general rule" (cf. SD:414-415 regarding lōmi as an Adûnaic loan-word based on lómë, meaning "fair night, a night of stars" with "no connotations of gloom or fear"). In the battle-cry auta i lómë "the night is passing" (Silm. ch. 20), the "night" would however seem to refer metaphorically to the reign of Morgoth. As for the gloss, cf. Lómion masc. name "Child of Twilight [dusk]", the Quenya name Aredhel secretly gave to Maeglin _(SA). Otherwise lómë is usually defined as "night" (Letters:308, LR:41, SD:302 cf.414-15, SA:dú)_; the _Etymologies defines lómë as "Night [as phenomenon], night-time, shades of night, Dark" (DO3/DŌ, LUM, DOMO, VT45:28), or "night-light" (VT45:28, reading of _lómë uncertain). In early "Qenya" the gloss was "dusk, gloom, darkness" (LT1:255). Cf. lómelindëpl. lómelindi "nightingale" _(SA:dú, LR:41; SD:302, MR:172, DO3/DŌ, LIN2, TIN). _Derived adjective #lómëa "gloomy" in Lómëanor "Gloomyland"; see Taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna...

lómëa

gloomy

#lómëa adj. "gloomy"; see Taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna...

tavárëa

wooden

#tavárëa ?adj. "wooden" (tauretavárëa = "forest-wooden"?) (TI:415). If so perhaps a near-synonym of taurina.

tumba

deep valley

tumba noun "deep valley" (Letters:308; SA:tum and TUB gives tumbo "valley, deep valley"); apparently an extended form *tumbalë in tumbalemorna "deepvalleyblack" or (according to SA:tum) "black deep valley", also tumbaletaurëa "deepvalleyforested"; see Taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna...

Taurë Huinéva

forest of shadow

Taurë Huinéva place-name "Forest of Shadow", Sindarin Taur na Fuin(PHUY, VT46:10)

huinë

deep shadow

huinë noun "deep shadow" (PHUY), "gloom" (VT41:8), "gloom, darkness" (SA:fuin), also used for "shadow" = Sauron (LR:56). Possessive (adjectival) form huinéva in the name Taurë Huinéva, q.v. In earlier sources, huinë is quoted as a variant of fuinë, but according to VT41:8, huinë is the proper Quenya form and fuinë is Telerin.With prefix nu- "under" and allative ending -nna in nuhuinenna (SD:246); also unuhuinë "under-shadow" (LR:47).

málos

forest

málos noun "forest" (LT2:342 rather taurë in Tolkien's later Quenya)

tauno

forest

tauno noun "forest" (LT1:267; in Tolkien's later Quenya taurë)

fuinë

deep shadow

fuinë noun "deep shadow" (PHUY; cf. "Qenya" fuin "night" in MC:221). According to VT41:8, fuinë is not a Quenya form at all, but Telerin for Quenya huinë (but unquestionably, fuinë is quoted as a Quenya form in certain earlier sources; cf. also Fuinur below - perhaps we may assume that fuinë was borrowed into Quenya from Telerin and thus came to co-exist with huinë?

histë

dusk

histë noun "dusk" (LT1:255)

hísë

dusk

hísë (2) noun "dusk" (LT1:255). A "Qenya" form possibly obsoleted by #1 above.

lumba

gloomy

lumba (2) adj. "gloomy" (PE17:72)

turúva

wooden

turúva adj. "wooden" (LT1:270); cf. turu #3.

fuine

noun. deep shadow

PQ. deep shadow, night shade

Quenya [PE 19:31] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

lumba

adjective. gloomy

A word for “gloomy” appearing in some Notes on Galadriel’s Song (NGS) from the late 1950s or early 1960s, an adjective form of lumbo “gloom” (PE17/72).

usque

noun. dusk

dusk

Quenya [PE 18:50 PE 18:100] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

usque

noun. dusk, twilight

Quenya [PE 22:51] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

Primitive elvish

taurē

noun. forest

Primitive elvish [PE17/115; PE21/76; PE21/80] Group: Eldamo. Published by

us(u)kwē

noun. dusk

Primitive elvish [PE18/100; PE21/71] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Sindarin 

taur

noun. forest

_ n. _forest. Q. taure. >> taw

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:82:115] < _tau-rē _forest < TAW wood. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

taur

forest

1) taur (i daur, o thaur) (great wood), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also (as adj.) ”lofty, high, sublime, noble” etc. 2) tawar (i dawar, o thawar) (wood [as material]), pl. tewair (i thewair). (

taur

forest

(i daur, o thaur) (great wood), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also (as adj.) ”lofty, high, sublime, noble” etc.

taur

great wood

taur (i daur, o thaur) (forest), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”lofty, high, sublime, noble” etc.

eryn

forest

_n. _forest, wood of trees.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:33:119] < pl. _oronī_ trees ?. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

moth

noun. dusk

tawar

noun. forest, forest; [N.] wood (material)

A word for “forest” in a few Sindarin names, notably Tawar-in-Drúedain “Drúadan Forest” (UT/319) and Tawarwaith “Forest People” (UT/256).

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s N. tawar meant “wood (material)” but was often used with the same sense as N. taur “forest”; it was derived from the root ᴹ√TÁWAR (Ety/TÁWAR). In Sindarin, awa often became au (and then > o), and cases where it was preserved seem to have to do with patterns of stress; see the entry on that phonetic rule for further details.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, it is probably better to stick with the better known S. taur for “forest”.

athra

cross

(verb) #athra- (isolated from the gerund athrad "crossing") (i athra, in athrar), also athrada- (traverse) (i athrada, in athradar)

athra

cross

(isolated from the gerund athrad "crossing") (i athra, in athrar), also athrada- (traverse) (i athrada, in athradar)

dem

gloomy

1) dem (sad), lenited dhem, pl. dhim; 2) dofn (lenited dhofn; pl. dyfn), 3) duvui (lenited dhuvui, no distinct pl. form)

dem

gloomy

(sad), lenited dhem, pl. dhim

dofn

gloomy

(lenited dhofn; pl. dyfn)

dovn

adjective. gloomy

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

duvui

gloomy

(lenited dhuvui, no distinct pl. form)

dusk

(i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).

glâd

forest

(i ’lâd, construct glad) (wood), pl. glaid (in glaid)

moth

dusk

1) moth (i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read *môth with a long vowel. 2) (i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).

moth

dusk

(i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read ✱môth with a long vowel.

tawar

forest

(i dawar, o thawar) (wood [as material]), pl. tewair (i thewair). (SMALL)

tawaren

wooden

tawaren (lenited dawaren; pl. tewerin).

tawaren

wooden

(lenited dawaren; pl. tewerin).

thafn

wooden pillar

(post), pl. ?thefn, coll. pl. thavnath

tinnu

dusk

tinnu (i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.

tinnu

dusk

(i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.

tûm

deep valley

(under or among hills) tûm, tum- (i dûm, o thûm, construct tum), pl. tuim (i thuim)

tûm

deep valley

(under or among hills) tûm, tum- (i dûm, o thûm, construct tum), pl. tuim (i thuim). or

Noldorin 

tawaren

adjective. wooden

Noldorin [Ety/TÁWAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

athrada-

verb. to cross, traverse

Noldorin [Ety/383] ath-+rada-. Group: SINDICT. Published by

dofn

adjective. gloomy

Noldorin [Ety/355] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dofn

adjective. gloomy

A word given as N. dofn “gloomy” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with variant dufui, both derivatives from the root ᴹ√DUB “loom, hang over oppressively (of clouds)” (Ety/DUB; EtyAC/DUB). The form dofn is the cognate of ᴹQ. lumna “lying heavy, oppressive” and shows a-affection, whereas dufui seems to be a Noldorin invention using the adjective suffix -ui, and thus preserves its primitive stem-vowel u.

Neo-Sindarin: For Neo-Sindarin, I’d write both forms as ᴺS. dovn and duvui to better reflect their pronunciation.

Noldorin [Ety/DUB; EtyAC/DUB] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dufui

adjective. gloomy

tawaren

adjective. wooden

Noldorin [Ety/391] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tindu

noun. dusk, twilight, early night (without Moon)

Noldorin [Ety/355, Ety/393, X/ND2] tinu+dû. Group: SINDICT. Published by

tindu

noun. starry twilight

Noldorin [Ety/355, Ety/393, X/ND2] tinu+dû. Group: SINDICT. Published by

tinnu

noun. dusk, twilight, early night (without Moon)

Noldorin [Ety/355, Ety/393, X/ND2] tinu+dû. Group: SINDICT. Published by

tinnu

noun. starry twilight

Noldorin [Ety/355, Ety/393, X/ND2] tinu+dû. Group: SINDICT. Published by

Quendya 

huine

noun. deep shadow

deep shadow, night shade

Quendya [PE 19:31 PE 19:71] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

taure

noun. great wood, forest

Qenya [Ety/TÁWAR; PE22/116] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tauretavárea-tumbalemorna tumbaletaurea landataváre

Tauretavárea-tumbalemorna Tumbaletaurea landataváre

Qenya [TI/415; TI/419] Group: Eldamo. Published by

taure huinéva

place name. *Forest of Shadow

A Quenya translation of N. Taur-na-Fuin “Forest of Night” appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/PHUY). Tolkien did not provide a Quenya translation of the later name S. Taur-nu-Fuin.

fuine

noun. deep shadow

Early Quenya

taure

noun. forest

Early Quenya [LT2/089; MC/213; MC/220; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/075; PE16/077; PE16/080; PE16/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

taurie

noun. forest

tauren linqarassean

tauren linqarassean

Early Quenya [PE16/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tauren lintyulussean

tauren lintyulussean

Early Quenya [PE16/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

taurelasselindon

like leaves of forests

The fourteenth phrase of the Oilima Markirya poem (second version) (MC/213), and the tenth phrase of the first version of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/220). It is a compound word, a combination of taure “forest” and the adverbial plural form of lasse “leaf”.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> taure-lasse-li-ndon = “✱forest-leaf-(plural)-like”

Conceptual Development: This phrase first appeared in the fourth draft of the first version of this poem (OM1d: PE16/62) and remained the same thereafter.

Early Quenya [MC/213; MC/220; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tarwe

noun. cross, crucifix

Early Quenya [PME/089; QL/089] Group: Eldamo. Published by

taurelasselindon

with noise like leaves of forests

histe

noun/adjective. dusk

maske

noun. dusk

Early Quenya [QL/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

málos

noun. forest

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s given as the cognate of G. goloth “forest”, derived from primitive ᴱ✶ŋgua-aloþ- (GL/41). This is likely a combination of ᴱ✶ŋu̯a “together” and some elaboration of the root ᴱ√ALA “spread”, the basis of “tree” words, so probably originally “✱together spread(ing)” or something to that effect.

Early Quenya [GL/41; LT2A/Golosbrindi] Group: Eldamo. Published by

turuksa

adjective. wooden

turúva

adjective. wooden

An adjective for “wooden” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the root ᴱ√TUŘU [TUÐU], also with a variant form turuksa (QL/96). It also appeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/139).

Early Quenya [LT1A/Turuhalmë; PE16/139; QL/096] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

taurē

noun. great wood, forest

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TÁWAR; EtyAC/TÁWAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

taur

noun. forest

Early Noldorin [PE13/153; SM/026] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aulos

noun. forest

Early Noldorin [PE13/137] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

alm(oth)

noun. forest

alos

noun. forest

A noun for “forest” the Gnomish Lexicon with an archaic variant †aloth, apparently an elaboration of G. âl “wood” (GL/19). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s it appeared as ᴱN. aulos “forest”, but this word was deleted (PE13/137).

Gnomish [GL/19; GL/62; LT2A/Golosbrindi] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cwelm

noun. dusk

durog

adjective. wooden

A word in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s for “wooden”, an adjectival form of G. duru “wood”, with a variant form duruin (GL/31).

Gnomish [GL/31; LT1A/Turuhalmë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

duruin

adjective. wooden

gawlas

noun. forest

goloth

noun. forest

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “forest”, derived from primitive ᴱ✶ŋgua-aloþ- (GL/41). This is likely a combination of ᴱ✶ŋu̯a “together” and some elaboration of the root ᴱ√ALA “spread”, the basis of “tree” words, so probably originally “✱together spread(ing)”. In The Gnomish Grammar it had the form gôloth (GG/8) and in Gnomish Lexicon Slips the form gawlas derived from primitive ᴱ✶ŋgwa-alassa (PE13/114).

Gnomish [GG/08; GL/19; GL/41; LT2A/Golosbrindi; PE13/114] Group: Eldamo. Published by

math

noun. dusk

Gnomish [GL/56; GL/61; GL/62; LT2A/Mathusdor; LT2A/Umboth-muilin; QL/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

maþa

root. dusk

This root was given as ᴱ√MASA¹ “dusk” in its main entry in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, but its Gnomish form math- indicates the true root was ᴱ√MAÞA (QL/59). This was clarified in a list of roots at the end of the M-section in the Qenya Lexicon (QL/63) and its representation as maþ- in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/59). Its most notable use in the Legendarium was in the name G. Umboth-muilin “Pools (muil-plural) of Twilight (umboth)”, where G. umboth or umbath “nightfall” was derived from a strengthened form of the root, ᴱ√mbaþ- (GL/75). However, in later writings this name was reconceived as Ilk. Umboth Muilin “Veiled (muilin) Pool (umboth)”, with the first element umboth meaning “large pool” (Ety/MBOTH, MUY). The name was ultimately replaced with S. Aelin-uial (S/114), by which point the early root ᴱ√MAÞA was long abandoned.

Early Primitive Elvish [GL/75; LT2A/Umboth-muilin; QL/059; QL/063] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Ancient telerin

uso

noun. dusk

Ancient telerin [PE21/72] Group: Eldamo. Published by