engwa

adjective. sickly

Cognates

• N. gem “sickly” ✧ Ety/GENG-WĀ

Derivations

• ᴹ√GENGWA “sick” ✧ Ety/GENG-WĀ

Element in

• ᴹQ. Engwar “The Sickly” ✧ Ety/GENG-WĀ

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√GENG-WĀ > engwa	[geŋgwā] > [ɣeŋgwā] > [eŋgwā] > [eŋgwa]	✧ Ety/GENG-WĀ

Variations

• engwa ✧ Ety/GENG-WĀ

kaimassea

adjective. bedridden, sick, bedridden, sick, [ᴱQ.] confined to bed, a-bed

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s apparently meaning “bedridden, sick”, an adjective form of ᴹQ. kaimasse “lying in bed, sickness” (Ety/KAY).

Cognates

• N. caeleb “bedridden, sick” ✧ Ety/KAY

Elements

Word	Gloss
kaimasse	“lying in bed, sickness, sickness, (lit.) lying in bed”
-a	“adjectival suffix”

laiwa

adjective. sickly, sick, ill

An adjective appearing as ᴹQ. laiwa “sickly, sick, ill” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶slaiwā under the root ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” (Ety/SLIW). The ancient initial sl became voiceless hl, which was then voiced to l as was generally the case in The Etymologies.

Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writing, he usually retained hl- in spelling if not pronunciation; see the entry on how initial voiceless nasals and liquids were voiced for discussion. As such, most Neo-Quenya writers adapt this word as ᴺQ. hlaiwa.

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had the word ᴱQ. leuke (leuki-) “sick, ill; pallid, wan” under the similar but earlier root ᴱ√LEẆE (QL/53).

Cognates

• On. thlaiwa “sickly, sick, ill” ✧ Ety/SLIW
• N. flaew “sickly, sick, ill” ✧ Ety/SLIW; EtyAC/LIW

Derivations

• ᴹ✶slaiwā “sickly, sick, ill” ✧ Ety/SLIW
  • ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” ✧ Ety/SLIW
• ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” ✧ EtyAC/LIW

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶slaiwā > laiwa	[slaiwā] > [l̥aiwā] > [laiwā] > [laiwa]	✧ Ety/SLIW

thlaiwa

adjective. sickly, sick, ill

Cognates

• ᴹQ. laiwa “sickly, sick, ill” ✧ Ety/SLIW

Derivations

• ᴹ✶slaiwā “sickly, sick, ill” ✧ Ety/SLIW
  • ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” ✧ Ety/SLIW

Derivatives

• N. flaew “sickly, sick, ill” ✧ Ety/SLIW

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶slaiwā > slaiwa > thlaiwa	[slaiwā] > [slaiwa] > [θlaiwa]	✧ Ety/SLIW

gem

root. *sick

geng

root. *sick

gengwa

root. sick

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sick” with derivatives ᴹQ. engwa/N. gem “sickly” (Ety/GENG-WĀ). It was given as ᴹ√GENG-WĀ, and thus represented an extension of an otherwise unattested root ᴹ√GENG. In the entry for ᴹ√YEN from The Etymologies it appeared as ᴹ√GEM in the discussion of N. ingem “old, (lit.) year-sick” (EtyAC/YEN), but I believe this represents the Noldorin phonetic developments of the true primitive form rather than a conceptual variation. The continued appearance of Q. Engwar in The Silmarillion narratives of the 1950s and 60s hints that this root may have remained valid as well.

Derivatives

• Q. engwa “sickly”
• ᴹQ. engwa “sickly” ✧ Ety/GENG-WĀ
• N. gem “sickly” ✧ Ety/GENG-WĀ

Element in

• N. ingem “old (in mortal sense), suffering from old age, decrepit, (lit.) year-sick” ✧ Ety/YA; Ety/YEN

Variations

• GENG-WĀ ✧ Ety/GENG-WĀ; Ety/YA; EtyAC/GENG-WĀ; EtyAC/YEN
• GEM ✧ Ety/YEN

kwam

root. *sick

A root connected to sickness, first appearing as ᴱ√QAMA from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. qáme “sickness, nausea”, ᴱQ. qama- “to be ill, vomit”, G. cwam “ill”, and G. côma “disease, illness” (QL/76; GL/26, 28). It reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as ᴹ√KWAM with derivatives ᴹQ. qáme, N. paw and Ilk. côm “sickness” (Ety/KWAM). It does not appear again in Tolkien’s later writing, but there is nothing contradicting its validity either.

Derivatives

• Ilk. côm “sickness” ✧ Ety/KWAM
• ᴹQ. qáme “sickness, sickness, [ᴱQ.] nausea” ✧ Ety/KWAM
• ᴺQ. quam- “to be ill, vomit”
• ᴺS. pavra- “to ail, be ill”
• N. paw “sickness, sickness, *illness, ailment” ✧ Ety/KWAM

sliw

root. sickly

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sickly”, with derivatives like ᴹQ. laiwa/N. flaew “sickly, sick, ill” and ᴹQ. líve/N. fliw “sickness” (Ety/SLIW). The root was first written as ᴹ√LIW (EtyAC/LIW). It is probably a later iteration of the unglossed root ᴱ√LEẆE from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives ᴱQ. leuke “sick, ill; pallid, wan” and ᴱQ. leume “sickness” (QL/53).

Derivatives

• ᴹ✶slaiwā “sickly, sick, ill” ✧ Ety/SLIW
  • ᴹQ. laiwa “sickly, sick, ill” ✧ Ety/SLIW
  • On. thlaiwa “sickly, sick, ill” ✧ Ety/SLIW
  • N. flaew “sickly, sick, ill” ✧ Ety/SLIW
• ᴹ✶slīwē “sickness” ✧ Ety/SLIW
  • ᴹQ. líve “sickness” ✧ Ety/SLIW
  • On. thlīwe “sickness” ✧ Ety/SLIW
  • N. fliw “sickness” ✧ Ety/SLIW
• ᴹQ. laiwa “sickly, sick, ill” ✧ EtyAC/LIW
• ᴹQ. líve “sickness” ✧ EtyAC/LIW
• N. flaew “sickly, sick, ill” ✧ EtyAC/LIW
• N. fliw “sickness” ✧ EtyAC/LIW
• ᴺS. lhýda- “to make sick, sicken”

Variations

• LIW ✧ EtyAC/LIW (LIW)

slaiwā

adjective. sickly, sick, ill

Derivations

• ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” ✧ Ety/SLIW

Derivatives

• ᴹQ. laiwa “sickly, sick, ill” ✧ Ety/SLIW
• On. thlaiwa “sickly, sick, ill” ✧ Ety/SLIW
  • N. flaew “sickly, sick, ill” ✧ Ety/SLIW

cwam

adjective. ill

A word glossed {“sick, unwell” >>} “ill” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/28). In an earlier but deleted version of the entry it was connected to adjective ᴱQ. qamba, and hence it was based on the early root ᴱ√QAMA (QL/76).

Changes

• cwam → cwam “sick, unwell” ✧ GL/28

Cognates

• Eq. qamba “unwell, sick” ✧ GL/28

Derivations

• ᴱ√QAMA “*sick”

leẇe

root. *sick

Derivatives

• Eq. leuke “sick, ill; pallid, wan” ✧ QL/053
• Eq. leume “sickness” ✧ QL/053

qama

root. *sick

Derivatives

• ᴱ✶qāmē
  • G. côma “disease, illness” ✧ GL/26
• Eq. qamba “unwell, sick” ✧ QL/076
• Eq. qáme “sickness, nausea” ✧ QL/076
• Eq. qama- “to be ill, vomit” ✧ QL/076
• G. cwam “ill”
• G. cwanc “sickly, poorly, seedy”

qámea

adjective. sick

A word appearing as qāmea “sick” in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjective form of ᴱQ. qáme “sickness, nausea” (QL/76).

Neo-Quenya: Since ᴹQ. qáme “sickness” appears in Tolkien’s later writings (Ety/KWAM), I would retain ᴺQ. quámëa for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but given the meaning of its noun form I would assume its primary meaning is “✱nauseous”, as opposed to generally sick which would be [ᴺQ.] hlaiwa.

Cognates

• G. cômathol “diseased, ill”

Variations

• qāmea ✧ QL/076

qamba

adjective. unwell, sick

An adjective in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “unwell, sick” derived from the early root ᴱ√QAMA (QL/76).

Cognates

• G. cwam “ill” ✧ GL/28

Derivations

• ᴱ√QAMA “*sick” ✧ QL/076

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√QAMA > qamba	[kʷambā] > [kʷamba]	✧ QL/076

naika

adjective. stricken ill, sick

A word glossed “stricken ill, sick” in notes associated with drafts of the Oilima Markirya poem (PE16/75). It might be related to the early root ᴱ√NAẎA as suggested by the editors.

Derivations

• ᴱ√ŊAHYA “hurt, grieve”

Element in

• Eq. naiko “*sickly” ✧ PE16/075

Variations

• naika ✧ PE16/075

leuke

adjective. sick, ill; pallid, wan

Derivations

• ᴱ√LEẆE “*sick” ✧ QL/053

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√LEẆE > leuke	[leɣʷki] > [leɣʷke] > [lewke] > [leuke]	✧ QL/053

qolda

adjective. ill

The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had several similar adjectives under the early root ᴱ√QOLO: ᴱQ. qolda or qolina “ill” and ᴱQ. qolima “sickly, ailing” (QL/78).

Neo-Quenya: I’d adopt ᴺQ. quolina for all these meanings: “ill, sickly, ailing”. I would further assume it applies to any kind of physical ailment, including injury. For someone sick specifically by disease I would use [ᴺQ.] hlaiwa. Not all Neo-Quenya writers accept quo- as a valid combination; see the entry on how [[q|[wo] became [o]]] for further discussion.

Derivations

• ᴱ√QOLO “*disease” ✧ QL/078

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√QOLO > qolda	[kʷolā] > [kʷola]	✧ QL/078

Variations

• qolina ✧ QL/078

qolina

adjective. ill