salta-

verb. to sail

singe

noun. salt

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. {singi >>} singe “salt” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s and under the early root ᴱ√SIŊI (QL/83). The contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa had ᴱQ. singi “salt” (PME/83). Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱQ. singwe “salt” (PE16/145).

Neo-Sindarin: Of these various forms, I’d use ᴺQ. singë for “salt” for best compatibility with [G.] sing “salt”, but would assume its stem form is singi- and that it was a derivative of the Neo-Root ᴺ√SIÑGI.

singwa

adjective. salt

A word appearing as ᴱQ. singwa “salt (aj.)” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjective form of ᴱQ. singe “salt” (QL/83).

Neo-Quenya: I’d retain ᴺQ. singwa “salt[y]” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

singwe

noun. salt

tarqin(a)

noun/adjective. salted, dried; salt meat

A word appearing as ᴱQ. tarqin or tarqina “adj. salted, dried; (n.) salt meat” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. tarqa- “dry, preserve; pickle” under the early root ᴱ√TṚQṚ (QL/94). As such, it was probably originally an adjective, and its noun use for “salt meat” was based on that (= “✱preserves”).

Neo-Quenya: I’d retain ᴺQ. tarquin(a) “salt meat; salted, dried, ✱(orig.) preserved” for purposes of Neo-Quenya based on the Neo-Root ᴺ√TARKWA.

silt-

verb. to sift, sort out, winnow

A verb appearing as ᴱQ. silt- “sort out, sift, winnow” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s based on the early root ᴱ√SḶTḶ (QL/84). The verb form silte reappeared in the Early Qenya Grammar (EQG) of the 1920s derived from primitive ᴱ✶sḷt- “sift” (PE14/58).

Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt this verb as ᴺQ. silta- “to sift, sort out, winnow” based on a neo-root ᴺ√SILIT.

sala-

verb. to sail

salta

noun. a game

saltha-

verb. play

sing

noun. salt

A noun appearing as G. sing “salt” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/67), clearly the cognate of ᴱQ. singe “salt” and hence derived from the early root ᴱ√SIŊI (QL/83).

Neo-Sindarin: I’d retain ᴺS. sing “salt” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin as a derivative of the Neo-Root ᴺ√SIÑGI.

singrin

adjective. salt

A word appearing as G. singrin “salt (aj.)” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjective form of G. sing “salt” (GL/67).

Neo-Sindarin: I’d adapt this word as ᴺS. singren “salt[y]” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin using a more common Sindarin adjective suffix.

thlid-

verb. to sort out, sift, sieve, discriminate

A verb appearing as G. thlid- “to sort out, sift, sieve, discriminate” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s derived the early root ᴱ√SḶTḶ (GL/73; QL/84).

Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt this Gnomish verb as ᴺS. lhid- “to sort out, sift, sieve, discriminate” based on a neo-root ᴺ√SILIT, since in Tolkien later Sindarin phonology, initial sl became lh rather than thl.

sḷt-

verb. to sift

daı̯al-

verb. play

kiryasta-

verb. to sail, to sail [a ship], *make a ship go

A verb for “to sail” appearing in the phrase ᴹQ. qe e·kárie i kirya aldaryas, ni kauva kiryasta menelyas “if he finishes the boat by Monday, I shall be able to sail on Wednesday”, from the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of 1948 (PE22/121). It is a verb form of kirya [cirya] “ship”, so more exactly appears to mean “to sail [a ship], ✱make a ship go”.

Conceptual Development: The English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s had ᴱQ. salta- “sail, used of any smooth steady progression” (PE15/77), while the slightly later Early Qenya Word-list had ᴱQ. lut- “float, sail” (PE16/134).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would ciryasta- only for the act of making a ship go: i hesto ciryasta i cirya “the captain sails the ship”. For the movement of the ship itself, I would us lut- “float, [ᴱQ.] sail”: i cirya lute i earessë “the ship sails on the sea”.

tyal

root. play

This root first appeared as ᴱ√TYALA “play” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with the derivative ᴱQ. tyalie “play, game” (QL/49). Forms in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon like G. dairtha- “play” < ᴱ✶daı̯al- hint that the actual primitive form might have been ✱ᴱ√DYALA or ✱ᴱ√DAYALA (GL/29). In a table of vowel mutations added as a revision to the Gnomish Lexicon Tolkien instead had forms like ᴱ✶táliı̯èndǝ > G. teilian indicating a primitive initial t- (PE13/116); similar forms appeared in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s (PE13/165).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave ᴹ√TYAL “play” with derivatives like ᴹQ. tyal-/N. telia- “to play” and ᴹQ. tyalie/N. telien “sport, play, game” (Ety/TYAL). Tolkien continued to use Q. tyalië “mirth” in later writings (PE21/80; PE17/64), but at some point in the 1950s decided that initial palatalized dentals were no longer a feature of Primitive Elvish (PE18/93-94), making the ongoing validity of √TYAL as a CE root doubtful: see the entry on how [[at|[j] was lost after initial dentals]] in the Welsh-like branch of the Elvish languages for further details. For example, in the second version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa (TQ2) from around 1950, Tolkien indicated √TYAL was a Quenya-only root, an elaboration of √TAL:

> In Quenya initial groups ty, ny, ps, ks appeared as developments of ky, ñy, sp, sk. But being established they were used in new formations. Thus Q tyal- “play” as a variation on tal- (not kal!) (PE18/84).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I think it is best to ignore Tolkien’s decision to remove initial palatalized dentals from Primitive Elvish in order to retain roots like √TYAL for both Quenya and (Neo) Sindarin.