per-

prefix. half, half, [ᴹQ.] semi

Cognates

• S. per- “half”

Derivations

• √PER “half, half; [ᴹ√] divide in middle, halve”

Element in

• ᴺQ. pellauca “lukewarm”
• ᴺQ. pellopë “donkey, ass”
• ᴺQ. percoron “hemisphere”
• Q. Pereldar “Half-elven” ✧ Let/386
• Q. peresta “one half”
• ᴺQ. perranga “cubit”
• ᴺQ. pertol “peninsula”

Variations

• Per- ✧ Let/386 (Per-)

per-

prefix. semi-

semi-

quer-

verb. to turn, to turn, *revolve

Cognates

• ᴺS. perna- “to turn”
• ᴺS. per- “to turn”

Derivations

• √KWER “revolve, revolve, [ᴱ√] turn”

Element in

• ᴺQ. auquer- “to reject, (lit.) turn away”
• ᴺQ. nanquer- “to turn back, turn around”
• Q. nanquer- “*to turn back”
• ᴺQ. quequer- “to wag”
• ᴺQ. querda “turn (e.g. in a game)”
• Q. querna “*turned”
• Q. úsië, an cé mo quernë cendelë númenna, ve senya “on the contrary, for if one turned the face westward, as was usual” ✧ VT49/20; VT49/20; VT49/21; VT49/20

per-

prefix. half

Cognates

• Q. per- “half, half, [ᴹQ.] semi”

Derivations

• √PER “half, half; [ᴹ√] divide in middle, halve”

Element in

• S. Peredhel “Half-elf”
• S. Perhael “Samwise, (lit.) Half-wise” ✧ PE17/102
• S. Perian “Halfling, Hobbit”
• ᴺS. perthol “peninsula”

Variations

• Per- ✧ PE17/102 (Per-)

per-

verb. to turn

Cognates

• Q. quer- “to turn, to turn, *revolve”

Derivations

• √KWER “revolve, revolve, [ᴱ√] turn”

per

half

(adj. prefix) per-.

per

half

.

perna-

verb. to turn

Cognates

• Q. quer- “to turn, to turn, *revolve”

Derivations

• √KWER “revolve, revolve, [ᴱ√] turn”

peringol

half-elf

(i beringol, o pheringol), pl. peringyl (i pheringyl), coll. pl. ?peringollath

per

root. half, half; [ᴹ√] divide in middle, halve

This root first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as ᴹ√PER “divide in middle, halve” with derivatives like ᴹQ. perya- “halve” and N. perin “half” (Ety/PER). It reappeared in notes from around 1959-60 as √PER “half” (PE17/171, 173). In Tolkien’s earliest writings, the sense “half” was assigned to the root ᴱ√LEHE or ᴱ√LEFE² instead (QL/52; GL/53).

Derivatives

• Q. per- “half, half, [ᴹQ.] semi”
• ᴺQ. permë “half; side (of person or shape)”
• S. per- “half”

per-

prefix. half, divided in middle

per-

prefix. half

Derivations

• ᴹ√PER “divide in middle, halve”

Element in

• N. Perhail “Halfwise” ✧ SD/118

Variations

• Per ✧ SD/118 (Per)

perin

adjective. half, divided in middle

perin

adjective. half

Cognates

• ᴹQ. perya- “to divide in middle, halve” ✧ Ety/PER

Derivations

• ᴹ√PER “divide in middle, halve” ✧ Ety/PER

Element in

• N. Peringol “Half-elven, (lit.) Half-Noldo” ✧ Ety/PER; Ety/PER

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√PER > perin	[perine] > [perin]	✧ Ety/PER