norno (1) noun "oak" (DÓRON); a later source has nordo (PE17:25)
Quenya
norno
dwarf
norno
oak
norno
noun. oak
A word appearing as norno “oak” in both The Etymologies of the 1930s and the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s derived from primitive ✶[[p|dor[o]no]] and the root ᴹ√DORON (PE19/80; Ety/DÓRON). The appearance of an initial n- is unusual, since generally [[aq|initial [d] became [l]]] in Ancient Quenya. But sometimes ancient [[aq|initial [d] assimilated to following nasal]] instead, as was the case with this word.
Conceptual Development: Variants of this word date all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, which had ᴱQ. nor (norn-) “oak” and ᴱQ. norne “oak-tree” under the early root ᴱ√NOŘO [NDOÐO?] (QL/67). The form ᴱQ. norne “oak” was mentioned in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/140), but it became ᴹQ. norno in The Etymologies of the 1930s, as noted above.
Neo-Quenya: Tolkien introduced words Q. nordo and S. norð “oak” in notes from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/25), possibly to avoid conflict with Norno “Dwarf” (WJ/388). I prefer the form norno “oak” as better-established and more etymologically interesting.
Derivations
Element in
- ᴺQ. nornolassëa “having oak-leaves”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶dorno > norno [dorno] > [norno] ✧ PE19/080
norno
noun. Dwarf
A word for a Dwarf (WJ/388), a personalized form of the adjective norna “stiff, tough” (WJ/413), patterned after S. dorn.
Cognates
- S. dorn “tough, stiff, thrawn, obdurate” ✧ WJ/388
Element in
- Q. Nornalië “People of the Dwarves” ✧ WJI/Norno
nordo
oak
nordo noun "oak" (PE17:25), possibly replacing norno (q.v.) in a pre-LotR source.
nordo
noun. oak
A word for “oak” in notes from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/25), possibly introduced to avoid conflict with Norno “Dwarf” (WJ/388). Its Sindarin cognate was S. norð, indicating derivation from primitive ✱nordō. See the entry Q. norno for earlier forms of the word.
Cognates
- S. nordh “oak” ✧ PE17/025
Naucon
dwarf
Naucon (Naucond-, as in the pl. Naucondi) noun "dwarf", variant of Nauco (PE17:45; not capitalized in the source)
naucon
noun. Dwarf
Nauco
dwarf
Nauco ("k")noun "Dwarf" (capitalized in WJ:388, but not in Etym, stem NAUK). Naucalië (not *Naucolië) the "Dwarf-people" as a whole. Nauco is a personalized form of the adjective nauca "stunted" (itself sometimes used as a noun "dwarf"); pl. naucor (PE17:45). See also Picinaucor.
nauco
noun. dwarf
Cognates
Element in
- Q. Pitya-naucor “Petty-dwarves” ✧ WJ/388
Variations
- nauko ✧ PE17/045
- naukon ✧ PE17/045
- Nauko ✧ WJ/388; WJI/Nauko
Casar
dwarf
Casar ("k")noun "Dwarf", pl. Casari or Casári, partitive plural Casalli. Adapted from Dwarvish Khazâd. Casarrondo place-name "Khazad-dûm", Moria (WJ:388, 389; pl. Casári also in WJ:402)
casar
noun. Dwarf
Cognates
Derivations
- Kh. Khuzd “Dwarf” ✧ PE17/045; WJ/387
Element in
- Q. Casallië “*Dwarf-folk” ✧ WJ/388; WJI/Kasari
- Q. Casarrondo “Dwarrowvault” ✧ WJI/Kasari
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources Kh. khazād > kazār [kazād] > [kazāð] > [kasāð] > [kasað] > [kasar] ✧ PE17/045 Q. kazār > casar [kazār] > [kasar] ✧ PE17/045 Kh. Khazād > Kasar [kazād] > [kazāð] > [kasāð] > [kasað] > [kasar] ✧ WJ/387 Variations
- kazār ✧ PE17/045 (kazār)
- casar ✧ PE17/045
- Kasar ✧ WJ/388; WJI/Kasari
Norno (2) noun "dwarf"; a personalized form of the adjective norna(WJ:413); Nornalië (not *Nornolië) the "Dwarf-people" as a whole (WJ:388)