dorn

Dorn

pl1. Dyrn dwarf.

dorn

adjective. stiff, tough

dorn

adjective. tough, stiff, thrawn, obdurate

Cognates

• Q. norna “tough, stiff; hard, firm, resistant; thrawn, obdurate” ✧ PE17/181; WJ/413
• Q. Norno “Dwarf” ✧ WJ/388

Derivations

• √DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding” ✧ PE17/181; WJ/413

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√DOR > Dorn	[dorna] > [dorn]	✧ PE17/181
√DOR > Dyrn	[dornī] > [dorni] > [durni] > [dyrni] > [dyrn]	✧ PE17/181
√DORO > dorn	[dorna] > [dorn]	✧ WJ/413

Variations

• Dorn ✧ PE17/181

dern

tough

_ adj. _tough. >> dír-

dír-

prefix. tough

_ pref. _tough. >> dern, dirbedui

nordh

oak

{ð}_n. Bot._oak. A tree of the orn kind. Q. nordo. >> galadh, orn

nordh

noun. oak

@@@ has no clear etymology

Cognates

• Q. nordo “oak” ✧ PE17/025

Variations

• norð ✧ PE17/025

hadhu

noun. seat, seat, *chair

Cognates

• Q. hanwa “seat, seat, *chair”

Derivations

• ✶khadmā “seat” ✧ PE22/148
  • √KHAD “sit”

Element in

• S. arahadhw “throne, (lit.) high seat” ✧ PE22/148

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶khadmā > chaðw > haðw	[kʰadmā] > [kʰadma] > [xadma] > [xaðma] > [xaðm] > [haðm] > [haðv] > [haðw] > [haðu]	✧ PE22/148

Variations

• haðw ✧ PE22/148

tarch

adjective. stiff, tough

dorn

stiff

1) dorn (tough), lenited dhorn, pl. dyrn; 2) tharn (sapless, rigid, withered), pl. thern.

dorn

tough

1) dorn (tough), lenited dhorn, pl. dyrn; 2) tara (also tar- as first element of compounds) (stiff), lenited dara. The historically correct pl. would be teiri; if analogy prevailed, it might be altered to terai.