úra

adjective. nasty

Changes

• úra → úro “*evil” ✧ VT43/24

Derivations

• √UG “dislike” ✧ VT43/24

Element in

• Q. násië “but deliver us from evil: Amen” ✧ VT43/24
• Q. úro “*evil, nastiness”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√UG > úra	[ugra] > [uɣra] > [ūra]	✧ VT43/24

Variations

• úra ✧ VT43/24 (úra); VT43/24

urra

adjective. nasty, bad

úra

evil, nasty

úra (1) adj. "evil, nasty" (VT43:24, VT48:32)

naxa

adjective. evil

naxa

noun/adjective. evil

Element in

• Q. carë mára quí tyarë naxa “doing good may cause evil” ✧ PE22/154

Variations

• naxa ✧ PE22/154

olca

evil, bad, wicked

olca adj. "evil, bad, wicked" (VT43:23-24, VT48:32, VT49:14, PE17:149). The root meaning implies "wickedness as well as badness or lack of worth" (PE17:170). Variant of ulca.

ulca

evil, bad, wicked, wrong

ulca adj. "evil, bad, wicked, wrong" (QL:97, VT43:23-24, VT48:32, VT49:14; compounded in henulca "evileyed", SD:68); variant olca, q.v. Compare noun ulco. The adj. ulca may also itself be used as a noun "evil", as in the ablative form ulcallo "from evil" (VT43:8, 10) and the sentence cé mo quetë ulca *"if one speaks evil" (VT49:19).

úmëa

evil

úmëa (2) adj. "evil" (UGU/UMU). Obsoleted by #1 above? Possibly connected to úmëai in Narqelion, if that is a "Qenya" plural form.

ulco

evil

ulco (stem #ulcu-) noun "evil", pl. *ulqui (VT43:23-24; the stem-form is attested in the ablative case: ulcullo "from evil", VT43:12)

ulco

noun. evil

Derivations

• √UK “nasty”

Element in

• Q. násië “but deliver us from evil: Amen” ✧ VT43/24; VT43/23
• ᴺQ. ulculóra “without evil”

úro

evil

úro noun "evil" (VT43:24); Tolkien may have abandoned this form in favour of ulco, q.v.

oer

adjective. nasty

oer

adjective. nasty

Derivations

• ✶ugrā “nasty” ✧ PE22/160
  • √UG “dislike” ✧ PE22/160

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ugrā > ogra > oer	[ugrā] > [ugra] > [ogra] > [oɣra] > [oira] > [oir] > [oer]	✧ PE22/160

ogol

evil

1) ogol (wicked), pl. egyl (archaic ögyl) (VT48:32), 2) possibly also um (bad), pl. ym (or uim?) (David Salo would read *ûm with a long vowel. According to VT46:20, it may be that Tolkien intended um as a primitive base rather than as a ”Noldorin” word; the word ogol may therefore be preferred.)

ogol

evil

(wicked), pl. egyl (archaic ögyl) (VT48:32)

rhû

evil

adj. evil, wicked. Q. hruo. >> Rhudaur

rhû

evil

_ adj. _evil, wicked. Q. hrúa, hrúya. >> rhu-, Rhudaur

um

evil

(bad), pl. ym (or uim?) (David Salo would read ✱ûm with a long vowel. According to VT46:20, it may be that Tolkien intended um as a primitive base rather than as a ”Noldorin” word; the word ogol may therefore be preferred.)

ummas

noun. evil

Derivations

• ᴹ√UMU “negative stems”
  • ᴹ√GŪ “no, not” ✧ Ety/UGU; Ety/GŪ

úmarth

evil fate

(pl. úmerth).

ugrā

adjective. nasty

Derivations

• √UG “dislike” ✧ PE22/160

Derivatives

• Q. úra “torrid, sultry, unpleasantly hot” ✧ PE22/160
• S. oer “nasty” ✧ PE22/160

uk

root. nasty

The root √OKO was mentioned a couple times in Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 with glosses like “wicked, evil” and “evil, bad” serving as the basis for Q. olca/S. ogol “bad, wicked, evil” along with similar words (PE14/149, 170). In other notes from this period Tolkien said √OKO “evil” influenced the meaning of the Sindarin root √AK “hostile return” (PE17/167). In one of these 1959 notes, Tolkien wrote UK, UKLA below OKO with derivatives Q. ulca and S. ogl, all unglossed (PE17/149); Q. ulca was the word Tolkien used most frequently for “evil” in Quenya. In notes from 1968, Tolkien mentioned √UK “nasty” in passing, without giving any derivatives (VT48/25); Patrick Wynne suggested this form of the root may have been connected to 1969 √UG “dislike” (VT48/32 note #15; PE22/160).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I prefer Q. ulca for “evil”, but I think √OKO “wicked” might coexist with it as variant to salvage other words from that root.

Derivatives

• ✶ulka ✧ VT48/32
  • Q. ulca “evil; dark, gloomy, sinister, evil; dark, gloomy, sinister; [ᴱQ.] bad, wicked, wrong” ✧ PE17/149; VT48/32
  • S. ogol “bad, evil, wrong; gloom(y)” ✧ PE17/149
• Q. ulco “evil”

Element in

• ✶ulka ✧ PE17/149; PE17/188

Variations

• uk ✧ VT48/32 (uk)