eruman
place name. Heaven
Element in
- Q. cemendë tambe Erumandë “on Earth as [it is] in Heaven” ✧ VT43/16
Elements
Word Gloss Eru “The One, God” MAN “good (morally), blessed, holy, unmarred, free from evil, good (morally), blessed, holy, unmarred, free from evil; [ᴹ√] holy spirit”
Menel
noun. the heavens
_n. _the heavens, the apparent dome of the sky. Probably a Quenya word introduced into Sindarin. It was a 'pictorial' word, as the lore of the Eldar and the Númenoreans know much astronomy.
menel
heaven
(i venel), pl. menil (i menil)
minal
noun. the heavens, sky
An Adûnaic noun for “the heaven” or “sky”, cognate of Q. menel but not a direct loan word from Quenya (SD/241). It was borrowed from Primitive Elvish, probably from an Avari dialect, and therefore underwent different phonetic development (SD/414). In one place Tolkien changed it minil (SD/414), but the form minal appears in various compounds and is probably to be preferred.
Changes
Minal→ Minil ✧ SD/414Cognates
- ᴹQ. menel “the heavens, firmament, sky” ✧ SD/241
Derivations
Element in
- Ad. Arminalêth “*Royal Heaven (City)”
- Ad. minal-târik “heavenly pillar” ✧ SD/429
- Ad. Minal-zidar “Poise in Heaven” ✧ SD/200
- Ad. Minul-târik “Pillar of Heaven” ✧ SD/241; SD/429
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √Ad. MINIL > Minil [minil] ✧ SD/414 Variations
- Minal ✧ SD/200; SD/414 (
Minal)- minil ✧ SD/241
- Minil ✧ SD/414
menel
noun. heaven, sky
Derivations
- √MENEL “heavens, firmament, heavens, firmament, [ᴹ√] sky”
Derivatives
Variations
- Menel ✧ NM/060
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
minil
root. heaven, sky
A Primitive Adûnaic root glossed “heaven, sky” that Tolkien used as an example of an “early borrowing” from Primitive Elvish: the Primitive Elvish root √MENEL became ✶Ad. √MINIL from whatever Avari language influenced Primitive Adûnaic (SD/414).
Cognates
- ᴹ√MENEL “heaven, sky” ✧ SD/414
Derivations
- ᴹ√MENEL “heaven, sky” ✧ SD/414
Derivatives
- Ad. minal “the heavens, sky” ✧ SD/414
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√MENEL > MINIL [menel] > [menil] > [minil] ✧ SD/414
ilduma
noun. heaven
Elements
Word Gloss ILU “ether, the slender airs among the stars” má “land, region”
menel
root. heaven, sky
Cognates
- √Ad. MINIL “heaven, sky” ✧ SD/414
Derivatives
climli
noun. heaven, sky
A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “heaven, sky”, derived from the root ᴱ√tel- (GL/26). It is likely related to ᴱQ. telimbo “canopy, often used = sky” (QL/90), where the initial tel- became tl- and then tl- became cl-.
Cognates
- Eq. telimbo “canopy; sky”
Derivations
- ᴱ√TELE “cover in; close; finish” ✧ GL/26
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√tel > climli [telimbo] > [tlimbo] > [tlimb] > [tlim] > [klim] > [klimli] ✧ GL/26
daimoth
noun. heaven
Cognates
- Eq. taime “sky” ✧ LT1A/Telimektar
The Quenya name for Heaven in the final draft of Átaremma, Tolkien’s translation of the Lord’s Prayer (VT43/12), attested only in the assimilated locative form Erumande. Its initial element is Eru “God” and its final element is probably related to the root √MAN “good, blessed, unmarred” also seen in the names Aman and Manwë, as suggested by Patrick Wynne, Arden Smith and Carl Hostetter (VT43/16).
Conceptual Development: In earlier versions of Tolkien’s legendarium, the name ᴱQ/ᴹQ. Eruman was used for the wasteland north of Valinor (LT1/91, Ety/ERE), but in the materials used for the published version of The Silmarillion, that name was changed to Q. Araman (MR/123). This freed Tolkien to use the name Eruman for “Heaven”, as suggested by Patrick Wynne, Arden Smith and Carl Hostetter (VT43/16-17).
In earlier versions of the Átaremma prayer, Tolkien used menel for “Heaven”, but it was rejected and elsewhere Tolkien said that menel referred only to “the heavens, firmament” where the stars reside (MR/387, PE17/152). In writings from the 1940s, Tolkien used ᴹQ. ilúve for “Heaven” (MR/355, SD/401), but later ilúvë meant “the whole, the all”, and was equated to Eä “the Universe” (WJ/402, Ety/IL).