culuina

of gold

[culuina ("k") (2) (misread as **culuinn_ in the Etymologies as printed in LR; see VT45:24)] adj. "of gold" (KUL; this word was struck out, and _culuina became the adjective "orange" instead.)

laurina

golden

laurina adj. "golden" (LT1:258). Compare laurëa in later material.

laurëa

golden, like gold

laurëa adj. "golden, like gold"; pl. laurië is attested (Nam, RGEO:66)

maltaina

adjective. of gold

Elements

Word	Gloss
malta	“gold (metal), gold as material”

mallen

adjective. golden, golden, [N.] of gold

Derivations

• √MAL “gold, yellow, gold”

Element in

• S. Cormallen “Golden Circle” ✧ RC/625

mall

golden

adj. #golden. This word is not explicitly presented as S. >> malh, mallorn

malh

golden

adj. #golden. This word is not explicitly presented as S. >> mall, mallorn

glóriel

adjective. golden

@@@ suggested by David Salo, GS/258).

Element in

• S. Galadlóriel “Golden Rain, (lit.) Golden Tree”
• S. Rathlóriel “Golden-bed” ✧ S/235

Elements

Word	Gloss
glaur	“gold [light or colour]”
-iel	“adjective suffix”

mallen

golden

(lenited vallen; pl. mellin).

malthen

golden

1) (of gold) malthen (melthin- in compounds; lenited valthen; pl. melthin), 2) (shining with golden light) glóren (glórin-), lenited lóren; pl. glórin, 3) mallen (lenited vallen; pl. mellin).

malthen

golden

(melthin- in compounds; lenited valthen; pl. melthin)

glóren

golden

(glórin-), lenited ’lóren; pl. glórin

pharazôn

masculine name. Golden

The son of Gimilkhâd who usurped the throne to become the 25th and final ruler of Númenor, translated “Golden” (LotR/1114, S/270). His Quenya name was Tar-Calion. Since Calion appears to mean “✱Son of Light”, Ar-Pharazôn is an example of a Númenórean ruler whose Adûnaic and Quenya names had different meanings.

The first element in his name is the noun pharaz “gold”. Since Pharazôn is glossed “Golden”, the second element -ôn may be an adjectival suffix. Andreas Moehn instead suggested (EotAL/PHAR’Z) that the name means “✱Golden One”, closer to its Quenya equivalent, and that the suffix -ôn is a masculine variant of the agental suffix -ân. Either way, the name is also notable in that it does not undergo the Adûnaic syncope when its suffix is added.

Conceptual Development: The name also appeared in “The Notion Club Papers” from the 1940s (SD/311), in some examples inflected into the subjective case (SD/247, 428-9).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. Tar-Kalion ✧ SDI2/Tar-kalion; SDI2/Ar-Pharazôn
• Q. Calion “*Son of Light” ✧ PMI/Ar-Pharazôn; UTI/Ar-Pharazôn

Element in

• Ad. Ar-Pharazôn “King Pharazon” ✧ SD/435
• Ad. Ar-Pharazôn kathuphazgânun “King Ar-Pharazon the Conqueror” ✧ SD/429
• Ad. Ar-Pharazônun azaggara Avalôiyada “[Ar-Pharazôn] was warring against [the] Powers” ✧ SD/247; SD/312
• Ad. arpharazōn azgaranādu avalōi-{men >>}si “‽ was waging war‽ Powers on” ✧ SD/311
• Ad. Ar-Pharazônun Bâr ’nAnadûnê “King Pharazon is Lord of Anadune” ✧ SD/428
• Ad. Ar-Pharazônun kathuphazgân “King Ar-Pharazon is (was) a Conqueror” ✧ SD/429

Elements

Word	Gloss
pharaz	“gold”
-ôn	“adjective or agental suffix”

Variations

• arpharazōn ✧ SD/311
• ar-pharazōn ✧ SD/312
• Pharazōn ✧ SD/429; SD/435

mallen

adjective. of gold

@@@ from smaldina?

Derivations

• ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” ✧ Ety/SMAL

Element in

• N. Melthinorn “Tree of Gold” ✧ Ety/SMAL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√SMAL > mallen	[smaldina] > [m̥aldina] > [m̥alðina] > [m̥alðena] > [m̥alðen] > [malðen] > [mallen]	✧ Ety/SMAL
ᴹ√SMAL > Mellin	[smaldini] > [m̥aldini] > [m̥alðini] > [m̥elðini] > [m̥elðin] > [malðen] > [mallen]	✧ Ety/SMAL

malthen

adjective. of gold

Changes

• malthen → (h)malthen “of gold” ✧ EtyAC/SMAL

Element in

• S. Melthinorn “Tree of Gold”
• N. Melthinorn “Tree of Gold” ✧ Ety/SMAL

Variations

• (h)malthen ✧ EtyAC/SMAL

gloriel

adjective. golden

Element in

• N. Galadloriel “Golden Rain” ✧ Ety/LÁWAR
• N. Rathloriel “Golden-bed, Bed of Gold” ✧ Ety/LÁWAR

Elements

Word	Gloss
glaur	“gold”
-iel	“adjective suffix”