Quenya 

malo

pollen, yellow powder

malo (1) (stem *malu-, given the primitive form ¤smalu) noun "pollen, yellow powder" (SMAL)

malo

moth

malo (2) (*malu-, pl. malwi) noun "moth" (QL:58)

málo

friend

málo noun "friend" (MEL, VT49:22)

málo

noun. friend

friend, comrade

Quenya [PE 18:46 PE 18:96] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

málo

noun. friend, comrade

málos

forest

málos noun "forest" (LT2:342 rather taurë in Tolkien's later Quenya)

malo

noun. moth

-ndil

friend

-ndil (also -dil) ending occurring in many names, like Amandil, Eärendil; it implies devotion or disinterested love and may be translated "friend" (SA:(noun)dil); this ending is "describing the attitude of one to a person, thing, course or occupation to which one is devoted for its own sake" (Letters:386). Compare -ndur. It is unclear whether the names derived with the ending -ndil are necessarily masculine, though we have no certain example of a woman's name in -ndil; the name Vardilmë (q.v.) may suggest that the corresponding feminine ending is -(n)dilmë.

-ndur

friend

-ndur (also -dur), ending in some names, like Eärendur; as noted by Christopher Tolkien in the Silmarillion Appendix it has much the same meaning as -ndil "friend"; yet -ndur properly means "servant of" (SA:(noun)dil), "as one serves a legitimate master: cf. Q. arandil king's friend, royalist, beside arandur 'king's servant, minister'. But these often coincide: e.g. Sam's relation to Frodo can be viewed either as in status -ndur, in spirit -ndil." (Letters:286)

-ser

friend

-ser noun "friend" (SER)

culuina

orange

culuina ("k") (1) adj. "orange" (colour not fruit) (KUL)

culuma

orange

culuma ("k")noun "orange" (fruit not colour)(KUL)

heldo

friend

[heldo, also helmo, fem. heldë, noun "friend" (VT46:3)]

malda

yellow, of golden colour

malda adj. "yellow, of golden colour" (PE17:51), variant of malina. An earlier source (the Etymologies, entry SMAL) has malda as the noun "gold" but LotR gives malta, q.v., and according to VT46:14 the form malta originally appeared in the Etymologies as well. Since Quenya sometimes uses adjectives as nouns (see for instance fanya), malda could still be regarded as a valid side-form of the noun malta "gold".

malina

yellow

malina adj. "yellow" (SMAL, Letters:308), "yellow, of golden colour" (PE17:51). Malinalda *"Yellow-tree", a name of Laurelin (SA:mal-; evidently malina + alda), translated "Tree of Gold" in the Silmarillion index. Cf. also malinornë.

meldo

friend, lover

meldo noun "friend, lover". _(VT45:34, quoting a deleted entry in the Etymologies, but cf. the pl. #_meldor in Eldameldor "Elf-lovers", WJ:412) **Meldonya *"my friend" (VT49:38, 40). It may be that meldo is the distinctly masculine form, corresponding to feminine #meldë** (q.v.)

meldë

friend

#meldë noun "friend", feminine (meldenya "my friend" in the Elaine inscription [VT49:40], Tolkien referring to Elaine Griffiths). Compare meldo.

nildo

friend

nildo noun "friend" (apparently masc.; contrast nildë) (NIL/NDIL)

nildë

friend

nildë noun "friend" (fem.) (NIL/NDIL)

nilmo

friend

nilmo noun "friend" (apparently masc.) (NIL/NDIL)

sermo

friend

sermo noun "friend" (evidently masc., since sermë is stated to be fem.) (SER)

sermë

friend

sermë noun "friend" (fem.) (SER)

seron

friend

seron noun "friend" (SER)

sondo

friend

[sondo noun "friend" (VT46:15)]

tauno

forest

tauno noun "forest" (LT1:267; in Tolkien's later Quenya taurë)

tulca

yellow

tulca (3) ("k") adj. "yellow". Adopted and adapted from Valarin; the normal Quenya word for "yellow" is rather malina (WJ:399)

taure

noun. forest

Quenya [PE 22:116] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

Noldorin 

hmâl

noun. pollen, yellow powder

A noun appearing as N. {mâl >>} hmâl “pollen, yellow powder” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” (Ety/SMAL; EtyAC/SMAL).

Neo-Sindarin: In the 1930s Tolkien vacillated on whether voiceless initial nasals were a feature of Noldorin, but he abandoned them in Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s, for example with ✶snagdē > S. naedh “wound” (PE19/91). Thus, I would adapt this word as ᴺS. mâl “pollen, yellow powder” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.

Noldorin [Ety/SMAL; EtyAC/SMAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

malen

adjective. yellow, yellow, [ᴱN.] yellowish, pale, wan, sickly

Noldorin [Ety/SMAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

elf

noun. friend

Noldorin [EtyAC/ÑEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

malen

adjective. yellow

Noldorin [Ety/386] Group: SINDICT. Published by

meldir

noun. friend

Noldorin [Ety/372] mell+dîr. Group: SINDICT. Published by

meldis

noun. friend

Noldorin [Ety/372] mell+dîs. Group: SINDICT. Published by

mellon

noun. friend

Noldorin [Ety/372, LotR/II:IV, SD/129-31, Letters/424] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mellon

noun. friend

Noldorin [Ety/MEL; EtyAC/MEL; PE23/021; RS/452; RSI/Mellyn; TI/181; TI/182] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mâl

noun. pollen, yellow powder

Noldorin [Ety/386, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

thond

noun. friend

Noldorin [EtyAC/SON] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Quendya 

tulka

adjective. yellow

Primitive elvish

taurē

noun. forest

Primitive elvish [PE17/115; PE21/76; PE21/80] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phum

root. moth

Primitive elvish Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Sindarin 

eryn

forest

_n. _forest, wood of trees.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:33:119] < pl. _oronī_ trees ?. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

mellon

noun. friend

Sindarin [Ety/372, LotR/II:IV, SD/129-31, Letters/424] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mellon

noun. friend

_ n. _friend. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'. 

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:41] < _melnā_ < MEL love. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

mellon

noun. friend

Sindarin [AotM/062; Let/424; LotR/0305; LotR/0308; LotRI/Mellon; PE17/041; PE17/097; PE23/136; PE23/143; SA/mel; SD/129; VT44/26; WJ/412] Group: Eldamo. Published by

taur

noun. forest

_ n. _forest. Q. taure. >> taw

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:82:115] < _tau-rē _forest < TAW wood. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

baran

yellow brown

(swart, dark brown, golden-brown), pl. berain.

fyvril

noun. moth

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

glâd

forest

(i ’lâd, construct glad) (wood), pl. glaid (in glaid)

malen

yellow

malen (lenited valen; pl. melin).

malen

yellow

(lenited valen; pl. melin).

meldis

friend

(i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.

melingarn

adjective. orange, tawny

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

mellon

friend

1) (masc.) mellon (i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath. 2) (fem.) meldis (i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.

mellon

friend

(i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath.

mâl

yellow powder

(i vâl; construct mal) (pollen), pl. mail or archaic mely (i mail, i mely). Older pl. meil (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).

mâl

pollen

mâl (i vâl; construct mal) (yellow powder), pl. mail or archaic mely (i mail, i mely). Older pl. meil (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).

mâl

pollen

(i vâl; construct mal) (yellow powder), pl. mail or archaic mely (i mail, i mely). Older pl. meil (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).

mâl

noun. pollen, yellow powder

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

taur

forest

1) taur (i daur, o thaur) (great wood), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also (as adj.) ”lofty, high, sublime, noble” etc. 2) tawar (i dawar, o thawar) (wood [as material]), pl. tewair (i thewair). (

taur

forest

(i daur, o thaur) (great wood), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also (as adj.) ”lofty, high, sublime, noble” etc.

tawar

forest

(i dawar, o thawar) (wood [as material]), pl. tewair (i thewair). (SMALL)

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

malo

noun. pollen, yellow powder

A noun in The Etymologies from around 1937, glossed “pollen, yellow powder” and derived from the root ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” (Ety/SMAL).

Conceptual Development: In Tolkien’s earlier writings, ᴱQ. malo was “rust”, first appearing in the Early Qenya Grammar and Early Qenya word-lists of the 1920s (PE14/42, 44, 71, 74; PE15/77; PE16/111) and later as ᴹQ. malo “rust” in the Declension of Nouns of the early 1930s where it had a stem form of malu- (PE21/12). Most likely these earlier forms were based on the early root ᴱ√MALA “yellow” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/63), though in QL itself the word ᴱQ. malo was “moth” from the distinct root ᴱ√MALA “crush” (QL/63).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I think the “pollen” and “rust” meanings for malo (malu-) can co-exist, with both originally considered a form of “yellow powder”.

malo

noun. rust

málo

noun. friend

Qenya [Ety/MEL; PE18/046] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mál

noun. grit

A word in Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s glossed “grit” with various forms representing the inflections of nouns with lost ancient vowels: malǝ- (PE21/19, 24). It may be a later iteration of ᴱQ. mar (mard-) “grit, course grain or powder” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a derivative of the root ᴱ√MṚŘṚ [MṚÐṚ] “grind” (QL/63). Later still Tolkien gave the primitive form ✶smalŭ with the gloss “dust, grit” in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure (EVS2) from the early 1950s, though this primitive form had no derivatives.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I prefer to use ᴹ✶smalu with its 1930s sense “pollen, yellow powder”, as this form has derivatives in The Etymologies (Ety/SMAL), and its root meaning ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” is a better match to the later root √MAL “yellow, gold”. I think it is possible to retain ᴹQ. mál “grit”, however, by assuming that it is a derivative of ᴹ√MBAL “✱pound”, which is a better match with 1910s ᴱQ. mar < ᴱ√MṚÐṚ “grind”.

Qenya [PE21/19; PE21/24] Group: Eldamo. Published by

malina

adjective. yellow

-el

suffix. friend

-ser

suffix. friend

helde

noun. friend

heldo

noun. friend

helmo

noun. friend

nilmo

noun. friend

sermo

noun. friend

seron

noun. friend

sondo

noun. friend

Early Quenya

malo

noun. moth

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. malo “moth” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from primitive ᴱ✶[mal]wǝ under the early root ᴱ√MALA “crush, squeeze, pulp” (QL/58). It had a plural malwi, and in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa it was given the stem form of malu-.

Neo-Quenya: This word conflicts with later words like ᴹQ. malo (malu-) “pollen, yellow powder” (Ety/SMAL) or “rust” (PE21/12; PE15/77), making its continued validity as “moth” rather questionable. However, the only other attested Elvish “moth” word is G. fufril of unclear etymology (GL/36), making it very challenging to adapt to Neo-Quenya. Thus I currently recommend retaining ᴺQ. malo for “moth”, as a derivative of the later root ᴹ√MBAL, but altering its stem form to malo- (< ✱mbalō) to make it more distinct from the “pollen, rust” words.

Early Quenya [PME/058; QL/058] Group: Eldamo. Published by

malo

noun. rust

Early Quenya [PE14/042; PE14/044; PE14/071; PE14/074; PE15/77; PE16/111] Group: Eldamo. Published by

málos

noun. forest

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s given as the cognate of G. goloth “forest”, derived from primitive ᴱ✶ŋgua-aloþ- (GL/41). This is likely a combination of ᴱ✶ŋu̯a “together” and some elaboration of the root ᴱ√ALA “spread”, the basis of “tree” words, so probably originally “✱together spread(ing)” or something to that effect.

Early Quenya [GL/41; LT2A/Golosbrindi] Group: Eldamo. Published by

malina

adjective. yellow

Early Quenya [PME/058; QL/044; QL/058; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kulmarin

noun. orange

Early Quenya [PME/049; QL/049] Group: Eldamo. Published by

malin(d)

adjective. yellow

taure

noun. forest

Early Quenya [LT2/089; MC/213; MC/220; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/075; PE16/077; PE16/080; PE16/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

taurie

noun. forest

Middle Primitive Elvish

mālō

noun. friend

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/MEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

smal

root. yellow

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/LÁWAR; Ety/SMAL; EtyAC/MAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

smalu

noun. pollen, yellow powder

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/SMAL; EtyAC/PAL; EtyAC/SMAL; PE21/58] Group: Eldamo. Published by

smalinā

adjective. yellow

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/SMAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yel

root. friend

A new gloss for the root ᴹ√YEL “daughter”, with a new set of derivatives like ᴹQ. -iel “-friend” and ᴹQ. yelda “friendly” (Ety/YEL), but it was rejected in turn and probably replaced by ᴹ√MEL.

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/YEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

maloglin

noun. yellow song, daffodil

A noun appearing as G. maloglin or maloglin “daffodil, [lit.] yellow song” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/56). Its initial element is clearly G. malon “yellow”, and its second element is probably derived from the early root ᴱ√LIŘI [LIÐI] “sing” (QL/54).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would update this word’s elements to [N.] malen “yellow” (< ✱malina) and lind “song”. If we assume it is the result of an ancient compound, the i in ✱malina would not undergo a-affection because the element was non-final. As a result, the surviving i would induce i-affection on the a in the first syllable, changing it to e so that end result would be ᴺS. melillin “daffodil, (orig.) yellow song”: ✱malina-linde > ✱melin(a)-lind(e) > melillin.

malon

adjective. yellow

malogrintha

adjective. orange, tawny

alos

noun. forest

A noun for “forest” the Gnomish Lexicon with an archaic variant †aloth, apparently an elaboration of G. âl “wood” (GL/19). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s it appeared as ᴱN. aulos “forest”, but this word was deleted (PE13/137).

Gnomish [GL/19; GL/62; LT2A/Golosbrindi] Group: Eldamo. Published by

alm(oth)

noun. forest

fufril

noun. moth

A noun appearing as G. fufril “moth” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/36).

Neo-Sindarin: The etymology of G. fufril isn’t clear, but could be derived from an early root ✱ᴱ√FUVU. I prefer to adapt this as a Neo-Root ᴺ√PHUM rather than ᴺ√PHUV/PHUB, since derivatives of ᴺ√PHUM would preserve the base vowel u. Thus I would adapt this word as ᴺS. fyvril “moth” < ✱phumril with i-affection; perhaps the final element is a feminine suffix as seen in N. thlingril “spider”. Admittedly this is all a very loose adaptation.

gawlas

noun. forest

goloth

noun. forest

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “forest”, derived from primitive ᴱ✶ŋgua-aloþ- (GL/41). This is likely a combination of ᴱ✶ŋu̯a “together” and some elaboration of the root ᴱ√ALA “spread”, the basis of “tree” words, so probably originally “✱together spread(ing)”. In The Gnomish Grammar it had the form gôloth (GG/8) and in Gnomish Lexicon Slips the form gawlas derived from primitive ᴱ✶ŋgwa-alassa (PE13/114).

Gnomish [GG/08; GL/19; GL/41; LT2A/Golosbrindi; PE13/114] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maroglin

noun. yellow song, daffodil

Early Primitive Elvish

mala

root. yellow

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/058; QL/063] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fuvu Speculative

root. moth

✱ᴱ√FUVU is a hypothetical root serving as the basis for the word G. fufril “moth” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/36). I think it is worth retaining as a Neo-Eldarin root ᴺ√PHUM “moth”, with M instead of V/B to preserve the vowel u in the Neo-Sindarin form.

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

malw

adjective. yellow

Early Noldorin [PE13/150] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aulos

noun. forest

Early Noldorin [PE13/137] Group: Eldamo. Published by

taur

noun. forest

Early Noldorin [PE13/153; SM/026] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

smalo

noun. pollen, yellow powder

Old Noldorin [Ety/SMAL; EtyAC/SMAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

malina

adjective. yellow

Old Noldorin [Ety/SMAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Valarin 

tuluk-ha(n)

adjective. yellow